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The 'Lydian magadis-aulos' of Ion of Chios was mentioned in the previous chapter. Possibly it consisted of an unequal pairing of 'male' and 'female' pipes designed to sound an octave apart.45 |
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Unequal pipes of a special kind called 'Phrygian' or elymoi make more persistent appearances in the Greek world. Their characteristic feature was that one of the pair, normally the left one, was a hornpipe, having a cow-horn attached to the end of the pipe and curving upwards from it. They first appear accompanying a Minoan sacrifice, on the Hagia Triadha sarcophagus, and then in an eighth-century bronze figurine from Asia Minor, where the player wears a Phrygian hat.46 They are not depicted in extant Greek art, but according to Pausanias they were represented on the Chest of Cypselus at Olympia. There are sporadic references to them in pre-Hellenistic literature, especially as an oriental instrument.47 Later they came to be seen and heard more regularly, especially in connection with the cult of the Great Mother and at Rome. In about 245 BC a Greek official in an Egyptian town was making arrangements for a party, and wrote to a colleague, 'Make every effort to send me the aulete Petous with both his Phrygian and his other pipes.' An epigram of uncertain date celebrates a cabaret dancer who performed wild dances to the torches of Cybele, excited by the hornpipe.48 The Phrygian pipes played an important role in music for the Roman stage, as we know from the scholia to Terence, and they often appear in Roman art.49 They are said to have been made of box-wood,50 and to have had a narrower bore and a much deeper pitch than Greek pipes.51 Latin poets describe their sound as |
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45 Cf. above, p. 73 n. 108, and Poll. 4. 80, 'the ''marital piping" consisted of two auloi of different sizes, suggesting a concord, but also the importance of the man being the greater', with Plut. Coniugalia praecepta 139cd. |
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46 Cf. above, n. 3; Rimmer, 28f. and pl. VIIIc; A. Bélis, Rev. Arch. (1986), 21-40. |
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47 Paus. 5. 17. 9; Archil. fr. 269, Soph. frs. 450 and 644 (both in Asiatic settings), Eur. Bacch. 127 (Phrygian pipes in Cretan Rhea-cult), IA 576 (Phrygian), Callias fr. 23, Cratinus Junior fr. 3 (Cyprus). |
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48PHib. 54. 2; Thyillus Anth. Pal. 7. 223 (FGE 96f.). Cf. also Lucr. 2. 619f., Catull. 63. 22, 64. 263f., Varro Sat. Men. 131, Verg. Aen. 11. 737, Hor. Carm. 1. 18. 13, Tib. 2. 1. 86, Ov. Met. 3.533, 4.392, Fast. 4. 181, 190, Pont. 1. 1. 39, Philip Anth. Pal. 6. 94. 3 (GP 2722), Stat. Theb. 6. 120-2, Lucian Podagra 33, Nonnus Dion. 43. 71, 45. 43. |
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49 See Howard, 35-8, 42-3; Wille, 169-71. |
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50 Poll. 4. 74, cf. Verg. Aen. 9. 619, Ov. Met. 14.537, Pont. 1. 1.45, Ciris 166, Sen. Agamemnon 689, Stat. Theb. 5. 94, etc. But Philip and Thyillus locc. citt. speak of lotus, and Varro of bone. |
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51 Aelian ap. Porph. in Ptol. Harm. p. 34. 15. For the deep sound cf. also Anth. Pal. 6. 51. 5 (HE 3836), Ath. 185 a, Aristid. Quint. p. 121. 14, Catull. 63.22, 64.263, Stat. Theb. 6. 120. |
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