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classification, and confirms that the parthenioi were higher than the paidikoi.38 According to Pollux, the five sorts were used to accompany girls' dances, boys' singing, kithara-playing, paeans, and men's choruses respectively, but this is clearly not a complete account and it may be based on antiquarian speculation rather than on Classical authority.39 |
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Pitch is not determined solely by length of pipe, but we may assume that these different auloi did differ in length, the lowest in pitch being the longest. In artistic representations we can certainly see some variation in length (as measured, for example, against the player's forearm), but we cannot demarcate one category from another;40 it is comparatively seldom that we can feel sure that the artist intended to depict shorter or longer pipes than the average. Two definitely short pairs appear on non-Attic vases, in both cases with a female player.41 The length suggested is about 20-25 cm. (8-10 inches). The two Archaic auloi from Ephesus were probably about this size when complete. Most instruments look at least half as long again, and some twice as long. Apart from the Ephesian ones, the surviving auloi, where complete enough to be measured, are of 30 cm. upward, the longest being the elaborate instruments from Pompeii (49-57 cm.). Pausanias mentions a statue of the famous Argive aulete Sakadas with a pair of auloi as tall as himself. Auloi that might be so described can be found in Roman art.42 |
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Several other terms designating aulos types occur in Classical literature before Aristotle and Aristoxenus. Anacreon and Aeschylus know 'half-hole' ones (hemiopoi), which later interpreters equated with paidikoi. Aeschylus also equipped the followers of Dionysus with bombykes, presumably pipes with a low register.43 Herodotus describes Alyattes' Lydian army marching upon Miletus to the accompaniment of 'panpipes, harps, and aulos both women's and men's'. This sounds like a distinction between smaller/higher and larger/deeper, and in fact Athenaeus equates 'men's pipes' with the two lowest of Aristoxenus' types, the teleioi and hyperteleioi.44 |
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38HA 581b10. Cf. also ps.-Arist. De audibilibus 804d11, Ath. 176f. |
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39 Poll. 4. 81. |
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40 As attempted by Paquette, 25. |
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41 Paquette, 49 A29 (Clazomenian, early 6th c.) and 39 A2 (Boeotian, c.430). |
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42 Paus. 9. 30. 2; Reinach, 'Tibia', 305 n. 3 and fig. 6944. Hesychius gives Sakadeion as a musical instrument: was the name given to these extra long auloi? |
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43 Anacr. PMG 375, Aesch. fr. 91, Ath. 182 c, Hsch.; Aesch. fr. 57.3, cf. Poll. 4.82, Hsch., and above, n. 30. |
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44 Hdt. 1. 17. 1, Ath. 176f. For similar distinctions of male and female instruments in other cultures see Sachs, HMI 53; WM 97-9; Kunst, 52. |
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