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remains in Etruscan and South Italian. In auloi with a vent-hole below the finger-holes, the last section of the pipe would play little part in the production of sound and a bell would serve no real purpose. |
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The aulete sometimes wore a special kind of strap, called a phorbeia ('halter'), that went across his mouth (with a hole, or two holes, for the pipes) and round the back of his head, usually with a second strap going over the top of his head to prevent the first one from slipping down. The device first appears in south Anatolian art about 700 BC, and in Greek not long afterwards.33 Its purpose was to support the player's lips and cheeks and to take some of the strain involved in blowing. It is worn especially by professionals giving displays, and hardly ever by women, who presumably played in a less strenuous style.34 |
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When not in use, auloi were kept in a skin bag (sybene) with two compartments and a strap to hang it up by. Attached to it was a small box (glottokomeion) for the easily damaged reeds.35 There may also have been protective caps that could be put over the reeds when they were in place on the instrument.36 |
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Aristoxenus, in a monograph on the boring of auloi, said that there were five kinds of aulos: parthenioi, paidikoi, kitharisterioi, teleioi, and hyperteleioi, literally 'girl-type, boy-type, lyre-playing-type, grown-up, hyper-grown-up', or less literally 'soprano, treble, tenor, baritone, bass'. Elsewhere he mentions the parthenioi and hyper-teleioi as having the highest and lowest registers respectively, the total range from the top note of the former to the bottom note of the latter being something over three octaves.37 Aristotle also knows this |
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33 See Pl. 25. Karatepe relief, Aign, 175, NG, i. 388; bronze figurine of a trumpeter from Mylasa, Caria, Aign, 78, cf. 183, NG i. 390f.; Spartan figurines in R. M. Dawkins, The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta (London, 1929); the Chigi vase, Pl. 9. In Attic vase-painting it is often shown being worn. On a Lucanian bowl (Taranto 8263, Paquette, 59 A55) we see one dangling from an aulete's hand. |
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34 Cf. Becker, 121ff.; D. M. MacDowell on Ar. Vesp. 582. |
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35 Paquette, 32, 47 A28, 49 A30, 55 A43, etc. A sybene of ivory with gold appliqué is mentioned in a list of temple property from 422/1 BC (IG 13. 351. 18). Later terms are aulotheke and aulodoke. One of box-wood is mentioned by Leonidas, HE 2234. |
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36 A few of the later vase-paintings (after 450) can be so interpreted (see Paquette, 59 A55, 129 pl. Va, 185 B23) and one of the Pompeian auloi may have such a cover (Reinach, 'Tibia', 307 figs. 6949-51; Behn, 108 and fig. 141). |
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37 Aristox. fr. 101 and Harm. 1. 20f. |
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