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| Essential fatty acids A group of acids now known to be of significant nutritional importance, the lack of which is believed to contribute to a very wide range of common Western ills, including arthritis, skin diseases, menstrual and menopausal problems, and heart disease. This group includes gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoeic acid (EPA) found in fish oils. A number of EFAs can be metabolized in the body from cis-linoleic acid found in cold-pressed seed oils and leafy vegetables. Gamma-linolenic acid is found in evening primrose oil, borage oil, and blackcurrant oil. Alpha-linoleic acid is found in significant amounts in linseed, hemp seed, and pumpkin seed oils; lesser amounts are found in walnut and soy bean oils. |
| Essential oil Volatile chemicals extracted from plants by such techniques as steam distillation; highly active and aromatic. |
| Expectorant Enhances the secretion or sputum from the respiratory tract, making it easier to cough up. |
| F |
| Febrifuge Reduces fever. |
| Flavonoids Active plant constituents that improve the circulation and may also have diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic effects. |
| G |
| Gamma-linolenic acid See Essential fatty acids. |
| H |
| Hormone A chemical substance produced in the body that can affect the way tissues behave. Hormones can control sexual function as well as emotional and physical activity. |
| Hyperacidity Excessive digestive acid, causing a burning sensation. |
| Hyperglycemic Increases blood sugar levels. |
| Hypertensive Raises blood pressure. |
| Hypoglycemic Reduces blood sugar levels. |
| Hypotensive Lowers blood pressure. |
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