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PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS
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### Viewing cable 04ANKARA4147, TIP IN TURKEY: UPDATED MFA COUNTRY REPORT ON

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04ANKARA4147 | 2004-07-28 09:34 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Ankara

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 09 ANKARA 004147

    SIPDIS

    DEPARTMENT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, EUR/PGI, EUR/SE

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL KCRM PHUM KWMN SMIG KFRD PREF TU TIP IN TURKEY
    SUBJECT: TIP IN TURKEY: UPDATED MFA COUNTRY REPORT ON
    TRAFFICKING IN HUMANS

    ¶1. (U) In response to G/TIP inquiries about anti-TIP public
    information campaigns, post provides the following TIP
    Country Report produced by the Turkish MFA's National Task
    Force on Human Trafficking.  The Report is available on-line
    at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website:
    http://www.mfa.gov.tr/.

    ¶2.   Turkish MFA Country Report on Human Trafficking (June
        2004):

         TITLE: Updated Country Report of Turkey on Trafficking
         in Human Beings Introduction

         BEGIN TEXT: During past decades, organized criminal
         groups have increasingly taken advantage of
         globalization and technological developments and
         expanded their activities worldwide by employing
         sophisticated strategies. Accordingly, organized crime,
         including human smuggling and trafficking in human
         beings, have become more transnational and complex in
         nature. Therefore, combating these activities requires
         comprehensive strategies dealing with all aspects of
         prevention, prosecution and protection, as well as firm
         and effective international co-operation and co-
         ordination.

         Organized crime activities are interrelated. Criminal
         networks behind human smuggling and trafficking in
         human beings are at the same time involved in one or
         more other forms of organized crime such as drug
         trafficking, document fraud and money laundering.

         Also, once they establish their network and
         connections, they easily shift the focus of their
         business from one form of crime activity to the other
         depending on their calculation of risk and profit at a
         given time. In this respect, it is currently recognized
         that trafficking in human beings is rivaling drug
         trafficking and arms smuggling in higher profitability
         for lower risk. There are also evidences demonstrating
         the fact that some terrorist organizations resort to
         organized crime activities as a source of finance.
         This state of affairs calls for an overall fight
         against all forms of organized crime activities and
         terrorism, not prioritizing one over the other in
         international co-operation and co-ordination efforts.

         On the other hand, a multi-disciplinary approach is
         required particularly in the combat against trafficking
         in human beings and human smuggling, including
         appropriate social and economic measures which will
         address their root causes such as poverty, economic
         disparities and unemployment in the countries of origin
         and the demand for sexual exploitation and for
         inexpensive, socially unprotected and often illegal
         labor in the countries of destination. In achieving
         this, political will and collective efforts by origin,
         transit and destination countries are crucial.

         A distinction should however be made between human
         smuggling and trafficking in human beings due to their
         own specifics. This report deals only with trafficking
         in human beings.

         The Situation in Turkey

         Turkey, at the crossroads of Asia, Middle East and
         Europe, bordering eight countries and lapped by 5,000
         miles of coastline, has seriously been confronted with
         various forms of transnational organized crime, which
         pose a threat to its social order and human and
         democratic values.

         The situation in Turkey vis a vis human smuggling and
         trafficking in human beings is most often confused with
         each other. Although Turkey is a transit country for
         "migrant smugglers", no particular link has been
         discovered as to the existence of organized transit
         trafficking activity or trafficking networks operating
         on the Turkish territory.

         On the other hand, in recent years Turkey has become a
         destination country for nationals of transitional
         democracies, who are in search of better living
         conditions and job opportunities abroad in the face of
         conflicts or economic and social hardships prevailing
         in their own countries.
         Countries surrounding Turkey from the North to the
         Northeast are generally accepted as countries of
         origin. Nationals of these countries may enter Turkey
         by a visa obtained at border gates and may stay in
         Turkey for up to one month. Their purpose is twofold.
         Mostly, they travel to Turkey for "suitcase trading",
         the volume of which has reached considerable amounts
         during past years. Secondly, they come to Turkey in
         search of job opportunities, which were available for
         them only in illegal labor markets until recently.

         While their presence in Turkey is generally voluntary,
         their illegal work and resident status, nevertheless,
         make them vulnerable to exploitation. Some of them
         obtain legal residency through arranged marriages. Some
         others end up in small workshops, in tourism and
         entertainment sector or in private households, working
         illegally without any job security, insurance or
         administrative and judicial safeguards. According to
         statistics, majority of male workers are employed in
         the construction sector and females in domestic
         services.

         International obligations

         In addition to many longstanding international
         instruments dealing with "white slave trade" and
         "trafficking in women and children", Turkey is a party
         to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
         According to Articles 34 and 35 of the Convention,
         States Parties undertake to protect the child from all
         forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse and to
         take all appropriate national, bilateral and
         multilateral measures to prevent inducement or coercion
         of a child to engage in any unlawful sexual activity,
         the exploitative use of children in prostitution or
         other unlawful sexual practices, the exploitative use
         of children in pornographic performances and materials
         and the abduction of, sale of or traffic in children
         for any purpose or in any form.

         On 9 May 2002, the Turkish Grand National Assembly also
         adopted the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the
         Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child
         prostitution and child pornography.

         In Palermo, on 13 December 2000, Turkey was among the
         initial signatories of the UN Convention against
         Transnational Organized Crime and of its two additional
         Protocols including the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress
         and Punish Trafficking, especially women and children.
         Turkey ratified both the Convention and its additional
         Protocols on 18 March 2003.

         By adopting these international instruments Turkey
         clearly indicated her political will to combat against
         trafficking in human beings in co-operation with the
         world community and commits herself to translate the
         provisions included therein into its own legislation.

         Legal framework

         While voluntary individual prostitution is legal in
         Turkey, incitement to prostitution and trafficking in
         human beings are described as crimes and are punishable
         under the Penal Code and the Law on Combating Benefit-
         Oriented Criminal Organizations. Additionally, certain
         provisions of the Passport Law and the Law on the
         Prevention of Money Laundering contain provisions that
         apply to trafficking cases. Administrative decrees and
         regulations build on the legal basis with a focus on
         implementation.
         Article 201 of the Penal Code, as amended in August
         2002, includes the definition of trafficking in human
         beings and prescribes heavy penalties for traffickers,
         including 5 to 10 years of heavy imprisonment. The
         amended article (Article 201/b) reads as follows:
         "Article 201/b - Those who provide, kidnap, take or
         transfer from one place to another and house
         individuals with the intention of making them work or
         serve by force, subject them to slavery or similar
         treatment, threaten, pressure, use force or coercion to
         persuade them to give up their bodily organs, use undue
         influence, secure their consent by deception or by
         exploiting the desperation of such individuals shall be
         sentenced to five to ten years of heavy imprisonment
         and a heavy fine of not less than one billion Turkish
         Liras.
         If the actions that constitute a crime are attempted
         with the intentions described in the first paragraph,
         the victim is assumed not to have given his/her
         consent.

         If children below the age of eighteen are procured,
         kidnapped, taken or transferred from one place to
         another or housed with the intentions specified in
         paragraph one, even when no intermediary actions
         relating to the crime are committed, the penalties
         foreseen in paragraph one shall still be applied to the
         perpetrator.

         If the crimes listed in the paragraphs above are
         committed as an organization, the penalties foreseen
         for the perpetrators shall be doubled."

         The Law on Combating Benefit-Oriented Criminal
         Organizations, on the other hand, criminalizes
         establishing, promoting, leading or participating in
         benefit-oriented criminal organizations with a view to
         carrying out organized crime activities, which could
         include, inter alias, trafficking in human beings. In
         order to combat criminal organizations, the law
         empowers the investigative authorities with special
         procedural techniques such as tapping or intercepting
         telecommunications, clandestine surveillance, reviewing
         records and data, and employing secret agents. However,
         to safeguard respect for human rights, judicial decree
         is sought before implementing such measures. Protective
         measures are available for witnesses. In trans-boundary
         and organized cases of trafficking in human beings,
         like in any other organized crime activities,
         perpetrators are tried before the State Security
         Courts, whereas individual cases of incitement to
         prostitution fall under the jurisprudence of the courts
         of justice.

         According to Article 8 of the Passport Law, foreigners
         who are engaged in prostitution, or earn their living
         by inciting women into prostitution, and those involved
         in trafficking in women are denied entry to Turkey.

         The Turkish Parliament has approved the Amendment to
         Article 5 of the Citizenship Law on 4 June 2003. With
         this amendment, a probation period of 3 years is
         required for acquiring Turkish citizenship through
         marriage. Accordingly, those who have a job
         incompatible with the marriage and do not share the
         same house with his/her spouse will not be able to
         acquire Turkish citizenship.
         The Law on Residence and Travel of Foreigners in
         Turkey, on the other hand, allows entry of the child
         under 18 to Turkey only when accompanied by or with the
         permission of their parents or legal guardian.

         Legislative review

         In September 2003, a new Law on Working Permits for
         Foreigners entered into force. The law increases legal
         employment opportunities for foreigners in Turkey, by
         permitting their work under limited, unlimited or
         independent work permits. Employment in domestic
         services is also made possible. The Ministry of Labour
         and Social Security is authorized to issue all forms of
         work permits for foreigners to ensure better management
         and control over the process. The law aims at providing
         legal protection for foreigners against exploitation in
         labour markets and extending legal and administrative
         safeguards to private services.

         National coordination and international cooperation

         In Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible
         for national coordination of issues related to
         trafficking in human beings. The Ministry chairs the
         National Task Force on Combating Trafficking in Human
         Beings, which is composed of experts from concerned
         ministries and NGOs such as the Human Rights Presidency
         of the Prime Minister's Office, the Foundation for the
         Development of Human Resources (IKGV), the Ministry of
         Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry
         of Justice, the Ministry of Labour and Social Security
         and the Directorate General of the Status and Problems
         of Woman.

         The National Task Force was convened for the first time
         in October 2002 and had five more meetings, last being
         on 18 February 2004. The National Action Plan, prepared
         by the Task Force is already under implementation.

         The Directorate General of the Status and Problems of
         Woman, on the other hand, provides co-operation and co-
         ordination with the non-governmental organizations.  In
         accordance with the National Action Plan, the non-
         governmental organizations active in the field of
         protection of foreign victims of human trafficking, are
         encouraged and supported with the best means possible.

         Turkey supports all international efforts aimed at
         combating trafficking in human beings and actively
         participates in activities of the OSCE, the Council of
         Europe, NATO and the Stability Pact Task Force on
         Trafficking in Human Beings. IOM, ICMPD, SECI and
         EUROPOL are other main co-operation partners of Turkey
         in this area.

         In this framework, Turkey participated to the seminar
         organized by the European Council in co-operation with
         the "Gender Development Association", a Georgian NGO,
         on 6-7 November 2002 in Tbilisi on fight against
         trafficking in South Caucuses. Ukraine, Georgia,
         Armenia, Azerbaijan, Italy and IOM Georgia also
         attended the seminar.

         Turkey   also participated in the regional Validation
         Seminar that has been organized on 15-16 November 2002
         in Bucharest regarding the project on publication of
         the Regional Anti-Trafficking Law Enforcement Manual.
         Turkish judges have participated in the programme for
         the "Development of an Anti-Trafficking Module for
         Judges and Prosecutors" organized by the Stability Pact
         and the ICMPD on 10-13 April 2003 in Sofia and the
         follow-up seminar of the same program on 17-19 November
         2003 in Sofia.

         Turkish experts also participated in the Experts Group
         meeting organized on 16 May 2003 by the European Union
         in Brussels.

         Turkish experts are participating to the ongoing
         meetings of the ad-hoc committee (CAHTEH), which is
         entrusted to prepare a Convention Against Trafficking
         in Human Beings.

         Further co-operation possibilities are considered
         particularly with the IOM on a project basis in areas
         of awareness raising, national referral mechanisms,
         victim protection, and voluntary return and
         reintegration assistance.

         In this framework, Turkey is not only participating but
         also co-funding the project on "Establishment of the
         Network of and Joint Training for Operational Law
         Enforcement Officers, NGOs and International
         Organizations in Fighting Human Trafficking into the EU
         Member States from EU Accession Countries and Countries
         Bordering the EU after Enlargement" which is
         implemented by IOM, in cooperation with the European
         Commission (EC), European Parliament (EP), selected EU
         Member States, as well as the Candidate Countries and
         Third Countries bordering the enlarged European Union
         under the European Commission Directorate General
         Justice and Home Affairs' AGIS Programme 2003.

         Designated focal point for general international
         contacts in counter-trafficking efforts is the Director
         General of Consular Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign
         Affairs. The Ministry of Interior, on the other hand,
         has appointed national contact points to cooperate with
         the Stability Pact Task Force in areas of awareness
         raising, exchange of expert information, law
         enforcement and victim protection. Contact point from
         the Ministry of Justice has assumed co-ordination on
         legal reform.

         Turkey is offering bilateral co-operation initiatives
         to the main countries of origin, whose nationals target
         Turkey in search of better standards of living and
         become vulnerable to exploitation of organized
         trafficking networks. Bilateral agreements between
         Turkey and countries like Azerbaijan and Ukraine on
         combating organized crime also provide legal framework
         for co-operation in the fight against trafficking.
         Turkey renewed her wish to cooperate on this issue by
         sending a Note Verbal addressed to the Embassies of
         source countries in Ankara. In this regard, a draft
         protocol on cooperation in combating trafficking in
         human beings is proposed to these source countries on
         November 20, 2003. So far, the positive responses of
         Belarus and Ukraine have been received.

         A Twinning Project on "Strengthening Institutions in
         the Fight against Trafficking in Human Beings" has been
         developed under the European Union 2003 Pre-accession
         Financial Assistance Programme. The overall objective
         of the project is to meet the minimum standards for the
         elimination of trafficking in human beings and
         strengthen the institutions dealing with trafficking.
         The planned duration of the project is 18 months. The
         proposal of the Federal Republic of Germany has been
         accepted, within this proposal the short-term expertise
         of the Austrian team will also be provided.

         On the other hand, visa application measures are set in
         order to prevent fake certificates of good services
         issued by some companies in the countries of origin to
         be used in the entertainment sector, such as in casinos
         or hotels. In this respect, a questionnaire is prepared
         to obtain detailed information on the identity of visa
         applicants. Visa applicants are requested to fill in
         and sign in this questionnaire. The aim of the
         questionnaire is to determine whether or not the
         certificates of good services are authentic. The
         Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the States concerned has
         to certify the authenticity of these documents before
         Turkish authorities accept the said documents.

         Current activities and needs for improvement

         -    Prosecution of Traffickers

         In Turkey prostitution is legal and is considered as a
         personal matter of the individual. It is, however,
         prohibited for foreigners.

         Although incitement to prostitution and trafficking in
         human beings are crimes that require heavy penalties
         under Turkish Penal Code, since the victims tend to
         hide or deny their cases due to traditional and ethical
         reasons or security concerns, identification and/or
         prosecution of those responsible for these crimes is
         difficult. Without victim's assistance and testimony,
         legal action against criminals becomes impossible.

         In the meantime, police has initiated action against 40
         enterprises in the entertainment sector upon suspected
         human trafficking activities. Investigations are
         underway.

         -Victim Protection

         As a major step, the Ministry of Interior signed a
         protocol on 4 September 2003 with the Foundation for
         the Development of Human Resources (IKGV), a well-
         established non-governmental organization that actively
         involves in projects aimed at improving social and
         health conditions and assists to victims of trafficking
         in human beings. The protocol includes provisions on
         the establishment of shelters and a center to provide
         victims with psychological and medical counseling, the
         establishment of a regional network involving NGOs also
         from the countries of origin and on awareness raising
         activities. According to the protocol, the security
         units will inform the IKGV when they identify a victim
         of trafficking. Representatives of the IKGV will
         communicate with the victim and provide the victim with
         medical and legal assistance.

         The Turkish Government, with its limited resources,
         provides, if necessary, accommodation and emergency
         services including psychiatric services, out of
         national budget and funds. The Ministry of Health has
         made the necessary arrangements in order to provide
         medical treatment free of charge to victims of
         trafficking in human beings. A decree to this effect
         has become effective on 2 January 2004.
         The Ministry of Interior is developing an improved
         screening method in order to identify victims of
         trafficking and to address their specific needs. A
         questionnaire with the cooperation of the MFA and the
         IKGV has been prepared to this effect. At the National
         Task Force meeting members were asked to elaborate
         additional criteria to be included in the
         questionnaire.

         Moreover, victims who would like to return to their
         country are not subjected to pay a fine due to their
         illegal overstay.

         Women who are not identified as victims of trafficking
         in human beings go through a process that includes a
         thorough compulsory medical check at hospitals.
         Multiple tests are conducted to confirm the diagnosis
         in cases of infection. Tests are completed within one
         day. In curable cases like syphilis, treatment is also
         concluded. Final test results should be available
         before repatriation.

         The National Task Force is working on a special
         arrangement to allow allocation of funds from the
         Social Aid and Solidarity Fund of the Prime Ministry,
         which is designed to provide aid to Turkish citizens in
         need of help and, if necessary, to those who entered to
         Turkey. When finalized, foundations established by the
         Fund in 931 towns will be able to assist victims of
         trafficking under this arrangement.
         To address the specific needs of the children, a new
         Department for Children Affairs has been established
         within the Ministry of Interior. Accordingly Children
         Protection Units have been designated in 81 cities.

         -    Repatriation

         Certain difficulties are experienced in the safe return
         of victims to their countries of origin. It takes
         between 10 days to 2 months to obtain necessary travel
         documents. Difficulties are also encountered in
         covering travel expenses due to lack of special funds.

         The Ministry of Interior authorized governorates to
         issue the victims of trafficking with a humanitarian
         visa and temporary residence permit where necessary in
         order to allow them to stay in Turkey for
         rehabilitation and treatment. So far, 22 victims were
         issued with such permits.

         The Ministry of Interior has authorized governorates on
         April 9, 2004, to extend the duration of temporary
         residence permits up to 6 months for the victims of
         trafficking. In case of necessity, this duration can
         also be prolonged.

         -    Researches and Statistics

         A special questionnaire was prepared and sent over to
         10.000 courts nationwide. Another questionnaire to
         collect detailed data on sentenced criminals and on
         trafficking victims has also been sent out.
         According to Article 201/b (human trafficking) of the
         TPC the final processed data regarding the cases that
         were transferred to the criminal courts in 2003, is as
         follows:

           27 lawsuits have been initiated, 13 of which has
           been concluded and 14 of which have been transferred
           to the 2004. The number of accused persons within
           the 13 concluded lawsuits is 31 and the total number
           of the plaintiffs is 48.

         -    Awareness Raising/Media Coverage

         Turkish media is sensitive to criminal and humanitarian
         aspects of trafficking in human beings. Trafficking
         cases and international developments are reported
         widely in the media.

         Awareness raising activities are focused on official
         targets such as law enforcement authorities. In
         addition to training programs, various events were
         organized to raise awareness and interest on the issue.

         In this respect, the Enlarged Council of the
         International Women Lawyers Federation, which was held
         in Turkey on 1 September 2001, had trafficking in human
         beings as the special topic on its agenda. The
         President of the Republic of Turkey, Mr. Ahmet Necdet
         Sezer and the Minister of Justice opened the meeting.
         150 women lawyers attended the meeting and a final
         declaration was adopted.

         The Directorate General of the Status and Problems of
         Woman organized two panels on 19 December 2002 and 18
         December 2003. Chiefs of Security of several cities,
         several NGOs and local press representatives
         participated in the said panels. During the panels, a
         consensus on establishing cooperation to combat human
         trafficking between NGO's representatives and
         Governorates has been reached. Similar panels are
         planned to be organized in other provinces.  Moreover,
         a meeting with the representatives of media has been
         organized in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to inform
         the public through the media on the fight against
         trafficking in human beings.

         The Human Rights Presidency of the Prime Minister's
         Office organized ten seminars for representatives of
         the media in May 2003. Seven other seminars for state
         officials are planned within the framework of a project
         financed by the Council of Europe. Awareness raising
         programs are also planned for members of city and town
         councils.

         Within the framework of the World Tourism and Ethical
         Act, the Ministry of Tourism in July 2002 has prepared
         a guide for the use of all the actors of the tourism
         sector. The Guide has been compiled by the members of
         144 countries of the World Tourism Organization and has
         been accepted by the General Assembly of the United
         Nations during the 13th Meeting of the UN General
         Assembly by the majority. It includes regulations to be
         implemented by all the parties concerned in the tourism
         sector.

         According to the paragraph 3 of the Article 2 of the
         said guide, countries shall in cooperation with other
         countries, take the necessary measures in order to
         prevent all kind of exploitation and especially the
         exploitation of children. These measures shall not be
         taken only by the country which is receiving tourists,
         but also by the country of origin of the person who
         committed the said offense during his visit."

         -    Training

         Anti-trafficking training is an integral part of the
         general professional training in the Turkish
         International Academy against Drugs and Organized
         Crimes. During the 4-week basic training program a full
         day is allocated to special training on trafficking
         issues. Participants include police officers as well as
         other national and regional law enforcement officials.

         Trafficking in human beings has also been included in
         the curricula of the Police Academy for final year
         students starting from this academic year. Around one
         thousand students will benefit from this lesson.
         Additionally, the Turkish Gendarmerie has included as
         from October 2003 the subject of trafficking in human
         beings in its education curriculum.

         Finally, the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of
         Justice are organizing special seminars/training
         programs to address different aspects of trafficking.
         Turkish experts take part also in comprehensive
         training programs organized by the Stability Pact Task
         Force, ICMPD and IOM.

         Recent Developments

         As a result of the consultations between Istanbul
         Metropolitan Municipality and Human Resources
         Development Foundation (IKGV) under the guidance of
         Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a shelter in Istanbul is
         provided for the victims of trafficking. A protocol on
         the establishment of the shelter will be signed between
         Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and IKGV during the
         NATO Summit with the participation of Deputy Prime
         Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdullah Gl
         and United States Secretary of State Colin Powell.

         As a result of the operation organized by the
         Directorate of Security of Erzurum, 11 persons have
         been arrested and 9 of them have been sent to Court. 3
         of them were police officers. An investigation has been
         launched about those 3 police officers. After their
         trial, 2 police officers are sentenced to 6 months of
         imprisonment and to heavy fine. They are also expelled
         from their profession. One police officer has
         acquitted. This event shows once again the importance
         that Turkey attaches to combating trafficking in
         human beings.

         Yalova Criminal Court issued verdict (according to
         Article 201/b of the TPC) for five defendants on
         February 11, 2004, four of whom have been confined to
         imprisonment of 4 years and 2 months and a fine of
         1.325.000.000 TL. The accused persons are prohibited
         from employment in public services for 3 years.
         On January 2004, with the cooperation of the Ministry
         of Justice, the IKGV and the British Council, a seminar
         for judges on trafficking in human beings was organized
         in Istanbul. The particularity of the seminar was that
         40 attorney generals have attended this training.

         The Ministry of Interior, ensuring better dialog and co-
         ordination between the police and the other relevant
         authorities dealing with human trafficking, has
         established a specialized unit dealing with trafficking
         cases on January 2004.

         On 19 July 2003 a new Road Transportation Law entered
         into force. The Road Transportation Regulation has been
         drafted and will soon be effective. The transportation
         permit will be cancelled for 3 years if the person is
         sentenced according to certain crimes and trafficking
         in human beings and smuggling of migrants.

         The Ministry of Labor and Social Security prepared a
         sample contract in Turkish and in the language of the
         applicant for working permit. The sample contract
         includes clauses on the working conditions, such as the
         minimum wage. Furthermore the emergency number of the
         police is mentioned in the contract specimen. The
         coordinates of the IKGV will also be included.

         Although the Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering
         does not contain provisions that apply to trafficking
         in human beings, a draft Law on Money Laundering of the
         Financial Crimes has been prepared by the Financial
         Crime Investigation Board and submitted to the Prime
         Ministry. In the draft law, the financial benefit
         obtained from trafficking in human beings is defined as
         a financial crime. The money laundering of this benefit
         is also prescribed as a crime. END TEXT.
    DEUTSCH

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