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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
02HARARE2211 | 2002-10-03 06:20 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Harare

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 HARARE 002211

    SIPDIS

    ROME PASS TO AMBASSADOR TONY HALL, MAX FINBERG,
      AND TIM LAVELLE AT FODAG
    STATE FOR AF/S

    USAID FOR DCHA, OFDA, FFP AND AFR

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: EAID ZI
    SUBJECT:  Press Conference Briefing Notes for
    Ambassador Tony Hall's visit to Zimbabwe,
    October 8 - October 11, 2002

    ¶1. (U) The following offers briefing notes for
    Ambassador Hall's press conference in Harare, Zimbabwe,
    scheduled for Friday morning, 11 October 2002.  The
    press conference will be held at the conclusion of
    Ambassador Hall's visit to Zimbabwe.

    -----------------------------
    Goal of the Press Conference:
    -----------------------------

    ¶2. (U) The ideal headline the day after the press
    conference would be along the following lines: "Food
    Crisis Worsens - Hall Urges Policy Changes and More
    International Support."  We hope you can convey the
    urgency you and the USG feel in addressing the crisis
    and the critical importance of urgent GOZ accompanying
    actions.  The field trips you will take will give you
    additional information to provide a real-life
    perspective on the humanitarian crisis.  Below is some
    background information for the press briefing and
    questions and answers on specific issues that may arise.

    ----------------------------------------
    Scene Setter and Suggested Media Themes:
    ----------------------------------------

    ¶3. (U) The Press Conference will be held in the
    auditorium of the Public Affairs Section's (PAS)
    offices.  PAS has separate offices from the Embassy and
    is located in the city center near the Meikles Hotel.
    We expect a minimum of 12 to 15 journalists.  Ambassador
    Hall and Ambassador Sullivan, will be seated at a draped
    table in front of the black backdrop with the US and
    Zimbabwean flags behind them.  The press will be seated
    in a semicircle facing the principals.  The effect
    sought is "conversational," that is, something less
    formal than a stand-at-the-podium-style press
    conference.

    ¶4. (U) The Public Affairs Officer, Bruce Wharton, will
    introduce you (we will also distribute copies of your
    bio) and you will be expected to make an opening
    statement prior to taking questions.  In your opening
    statement, we suggest you speak about your field visits
    and highlight the following themes:

    1)   Zimbabwe's food crisis is becoming increasingly
    severe.

    2)   The Government of Zimbabwe should make policy
    decisions to permit the private sector and a larger
    number of NGOs to play a role in addressing the nation's
    food needs.

    3)   Among the policy issues we believe are exacerbating
    the food crisis are the Grain Marketing Board's monopoly
    on grain imports and sales, unrealistically low price
    controls on staple foods, ponderous bureaucratic
    procedures for clearing donated food through Zimbabwean
    customs, and limitations on the NGOs permitted to
    participate in food distribution programs.

    4)   The United States has been the principal donor to
    Zimbabwe's food crisis, with generous contributions also
    coming from the United Kingdom and the European Union.
    Additional assistance from other donors is needed to
    meet Zimbabwe's food needs.

    5)   While Southern Africa's drought is a factor in the
    food crisis, the Government of Zimbabwe needs to face
    the fact that it also bears responsibility for the
    situation.  Macroeconomic mismanagement (including
    deficit spending, a grossly overvalued currency,
    multiple exchange rates, and unrealistic price
    controls), a violent and chaotic land redistribution
    program that has badly damaged the nation's agricultural
    sector, and a disregard for the rule of law that has
    driven foreign investment away, have all played a
    substantial role in creating conditions under which more
    than half of all Zimbabweans need food aid.

    6)   The United States will not politicize its food
    assistance to Zimbabwe.  In spite of our serious
    concerns about the actions and policies of the
    Zimbabwean government, we will not abandon the people of
    Zimbabwe at this time of need.

    7)   We are working closely with the World Food Program
    and our bilateral NGO partners to make sure that the
    food we provide is distributed on a non-partisan basis.

    8)   The food crisis will also significantly aggravate
    the health conditions for people who are HIV positive
    and people living with AIDS.  Zimbabwe is at the
    epicenter of the epidemic with the second highest HIV
    prevalence in the world - 35%.  It is estimated that
    over 2,000 people a week are dying from complications
    due to AIDS in Zimbabwe.

    ------------------------
    Background on the Media:
    ------------------------

    ¶5. (U) The Zimbabwean media are deeply polarized.  The
    privately owned media are generally critical of the
    Government of Zimbabwe and sympathetic to U.S. policy
    and programs in Zimbabwe.  The state-owned media are
    slavishly pro-Government and reflect the GOZ's distrust
    of the West.  Both media camps will distort stories to
    reflect their points of view, but distortions in the
    private media are generally less extreme.  Zimbabwean
    journalists from both camps are polite and not terribly
    aggressive.  International media will also be present
    and will be important for re-broadcast into Zimbabwe as
    well as for the international audience. Specifically,
    we expect representatives from the Associated Press,
    Reuters, Agence France Presse, Voice of America, the
    South African Broadcasting Company (SABC), the Times of
    London and the Guardian to be present.

    ¶6. (U) The Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) has deliberately
    and successfully limited media freedom and the flow of
    information into and out of Zimbabwe.   The majority of
    Zimbabweans must rely on heavily propagandistic
    government media for news and analysis of local and
    international events.  The flow of news out of Zimbabwe
    has been restricted through the expulsion of once-
    resident foreign journalists and refusals to grant visas
    to international journalists wishing to visit.

    ¶7. (U) Radio is the most influential medium in Zimbabwe.
    The GoZ has a monopoly on local broadcast media and they
    offer only unrelenting pro-government propaganda.  One
    independent broadcaster, Voice of the People, maintained
    offices in Zimbabwe and provided news and information
    via Dutch short wave facilities until its Harare office
    was completely destroyed by a sophisticated firebombing
    in late August 2002.  Another short wave broadcaster,
    Short Wave Radio Africa, provides news and information
    from studios in the United Kingdom.  Anecdotal
    information indicates that short wave broadcasters have
    only small audiences.

    ¶8. (U) Urban Zimbabweans have access to a courageous
    independent press consisting of one daily and three
    weeklies (the Daily News, Financial Gazette, Zimbabwe
    Independent, and the Standard).   Prices, logistical
    challenges, and the fact that pro-government forces have
    banned the distribution of independent newspapers in
    rural areas means that most rural Zimbabweans (60% of
    the population) have no access to these publications.
    The independent press is under steady pressure from the
    GoZ and pro-government forces.  Arrests of editors and
    reporters are common and the Daily News has twice been
    bombed, most recently in January 2001 in a sophisticated
    attack that completely destroyed the paper's presses.
    No arrests have been made.  The Daily News recently
    replaced its presses.  A new media registration law, to
    come into force later this year, is likely to result in
    increased arrests and harassment of journalists working
    for the independent press.

    ¶9. (U) The GoZ owns and exercises tight editorial
    control over two dailies and three weeklies (the Herald,
    Chronicle, Sunday Mail, Sunday News and Manica Post).
    Although the circulation of these papers has seen a
    steady decline, they are generally the only newspapers
    available in rural Zimbabwe.  There is a distinct double
    standard in the application of media control laws to the
    independent and government-owned media.

    ¶10. (U) Over the last 18 months, non-Zimbabweans working
    for the BBC, Agence France Presse, the Mail and Guardian
    (South Africa) and other international media have been
    forced to leave the country.  BBC has explicitly been
    banned.  The new media registration law is likely to
    result in the closure of the Associated Press, Reuters
    and AFP bureaus in Zimbabwe, all currently staffed by
    Zimbabwean citizens.   The GoZ routinely denies visas to
    journalists who openly apply to visit the country for
    reporting purposes.
    --------------------
    Questions & Answers:
    --------------------

    ¶1. Question:

    What do you see as the critical challenges the GOZ and
    donors face in dealing with the humanitarian crisis?

    Answer:

    One of the biggest challenges being faced right now is
    NGO capacity to efficiently and effectively distribute
    food aid.  The World Food Program (WFP) needs to
    increase the number of NGOs who can deliver food aid
    and, in this regard, the GOZ must expeditiously review
    and process NGO registration applications to improve
    WFP's ability to distribute food to vulnerable
    Zimbabweans.  The second challenge relates to the amount
    of available food.  The latest Vulnerability Assessment
    indicates that the number of people in need of food
    assistance in Zimbabwe has increased from 6 million to
    6.7 million; the amount of food aid requested has risen
    to 486,000 mt from the initial requested amount of
    453,000 mt.  The GOZ has also committed itself to import
    at least 650,000 mt.  It is critical that these food
    requirements be met.  Otherwise, we will experience a
    severe food gap and the situation will deteriorate
    rapidly.

    ¶2. Question:

    What is the effect U.S. "sanctions" (under the Zimbabwe
    Democracy and Economic Recovery Act) against Zimbabwe on
    the U.S. program to respond to the humanitarian crisis?

    Answer:

    The United States Government is committed to providing
    food assistance to help the most needy affected by the
    food crisis in Zimbabwe.  We do so, however, with our
    eyes open to the fact the Government of Zimbabwe bears
    much of a responsibility for the growing humanitarian
    crisis in Zimbabwe and the region.

    Feel free to defer the remaining part of the answer to
    Ambassador Sullivan

    The Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA)
    is not a sanctions bill.  It is a set of incentives
    designed, as the New York Times reported, to "lure
    Zimbabwe back to democracy."  The bill offers US$26
    million (Z$1.4 billion at the official exchange rate) to
    support land reform, basic human rights and economic
    development.  To gain this support, the Government of
    Zimbabwe was asked to restore the rule of law; create
    conditions conducive to free and fair presidential
    elections; and make a commitment to an equitable, legal
    and transparent land reform program inter alia.

    Since the Government of Zimbabwe chose not to accept
    ZDERA's recommendations, in February 2002 President Bush
    implemented targeted measures against a number of
    selected Zimbabwean officials.  These measures include
    travel and financial restrictions.  These measures do
    not include any actions to hurt the people of Zimbabwe.
    U.S. Government programs, including humanitarian food
    donations, the Ambassador's Self-Help Program, HIV/Aids
    prevention and treatment efforts, and educational and
    cultural programs, remain intact.

    ¶3. Question:

    Will the U.S. sanctions against Zimbabwe result in the
    termination of the USAID development program?

    Answer:

    Feel free to defer this to Ambassador Sullivan.

    Again, I note that ZDERA does not impose any broad-based
    sanctions against the people of Zimbabwe.  Rather, it
    targets senior members of the government of Robert
    Mugabe and other Zimbabwean nationals who formulate,
    implement or benefit from policies that undermine or
    injure Zimbabwean democratic institutions.  ZDERA also
    affects persons who, through their business dealings
    with Zimbabwean government officials, derive significant
    financial benefits from policies that undermine or
    injure Zimbabwe's democratic institutions.  Spouses of
    affected persons also face travel restrictions.

    The U.S. Government remains committed to assisting the
    people of Zimbabwe in their hour of need and will not
    curtail humanitarian assistance as a result of ZDERA.

    ¶4. Question:

    What is the USG's position regarding allegations of
    partisanship or political manipulation in the
    distribution of food?

    Answer:

    The United States condemns the political manipulation of
    food aid.  Although to the best of our knowledge there
    has been no interference with USG-donated food, many
    credible reports exist of politicization of GOZ-supplied
    food.  We are deeply concerned about such allegations
    and urge the Government of Zimbabwe to work
    collaboratively with the UN and the international
    community to assure that all food is distributed in an
    impartial and transparent manner.

    ¶5. Question:

    Why is the U.S. providing biotech food to Zimbabwe and
    what effect will this have on the USG's ability to
    respond to the humanitarian crisis?  Why can't the U.S.
    simply sign the GM certificates requested by the
    Government of Zimbabwe?  The USG keeps saying that
    "there is no evidence that biotech food is harmful," but
    that is not the same as saying that biotech food is
    guaranteed to be safe.  The issues of transgenic
    mutation and unintended side effects do not seem
    completely resolved.  Why can't the US avoid these
    concerns by providing non-biotech maize, or providing
    money so that relief agencies can buy non-biotech maize
    from other sources?

    Answer:

    To begin with, we are very pleased that the Government
    of Zimbabwe and WFP have worked out an arrangement for
    the acceptance of the first shipment of whole kernel
    biotech maize.  We urge that this agreement be followed
    quickly by others to accept all the food that we are
    prepared to donate to alleviate the food crisis in
    Zimbabwe. We believe this arrangement recognizes that
    the food provided by the U.S. to Zimbabwe is the same as
    that consumed by Americans.  Biotech crops are subject
    to a rigorous safety review by the USDA, FDA, and EPA.
    The food is eaten by millions of Americans and to date
    no evidence has shown any negative health implications.
    This has been stated categorically by the WHO and WFP.
    Countries all over the world, including South Africa,
    China and Brazil, produce biotech food.  This advanced
    technology has helped make seeds more resistant to such
    ravages as pests and drought, and holds great promise
    for increased agricultural productivity in Africa.

    ¶6. Question:

    What is the U.S. position on the causes of the current
    food crisis in Zimbabwe?  What should the GOZ be doing
    to address the crisis?

    Answer:

    The food crisis in Zimbabwe is highly complex and
    multifaceted.  Although the regional drought has
    undoubtedly been a real factor in the food shortages in
    Zimbabwe, the situation has been greatly exacerbated by
    the policies and actions of the Government of Zimbabwe.
    Shortfalls in agricultural production in Zimbabwe -- due
    in very large measure to government-sponsored, chaotic,
    and often violent seizures of commercial farms and
    failed economic policies -- are having a direct impact
    on food availability and prices throughout the region.
    Other counterproductive Government of Zimbabwe policies
    -- such as the GMB monopoly on grain imports, price
    controls and unrealistic exchange rates -- have
    hamstrung the private sector and contributed to the food
    crisis.  Foreign exchange shortages - themselves a
    result of counterproductive government policies - also
    limit Zimbabwe's ability to procure and import food and
    essential agricultural commodities.  All of these issues
    also affect Zimbabwe's ability to resume agricultural
    production and, hence, mitigate the crisis.

    The United States Government will continue to provide
    food assistance to help the most needy affected by the
    food crisis in Zimbabwe, but we do so with our eyes open
    to the fact that the Government of Zimbabwe bears much
    of the responsibility for the growing humanitarian
    crisis in Zimbabwe and the region.  The GOZ urgently
    needs to address the policy problems that have
    substantially contributed to this crisis, carry through
    on its commitment to import food and distribute food in
    an equitable and transparent manner with need as the
    only criterion.

    ¶7. Question:

    How much has the U.S. given in food assistance to
    Zimbabwe?  Why is the USG doing so much to provide food
    to Zimbabwe even as it criticizes the GOZ so harshly?
    Don't you think that your food assistance may be helping
    the government of Robert Mugabe to remain in power?

    Answer:

    To date, the U.S. has approved the provision of 106,630
    MTs of food assistance (valued at US$56 million) to
    Zimbabwe (approximately 43,000MT has arrived in country
    to date).  Within the southern African region, Zimbabwe
    is the country that is most severely affected by the
    current food crisis.  The people and government of the
    United States are strongly committed to providing
    substantial resources to Zimbabwe to respond to this
    crisis.  Yes, the GOZ bears much of the responsibility
    for the crisis, but we will not abandon the Zimbabweans
    who are suffering because of the actions of their
    government.

    ¶8. Question:

    What is the U.S. position on land reform in Zimbabwe and
    why hasn't the U.S. lived up to its commitments to
    support land reform made at the Lancaster House
    negotiations in 1979 and the 1998 donors' conference?

    Answer:

    The U.S. believes that land reform in Zimbabwe should be
    implemented in transparent, equitable and consultative
    manner in accordance with the rule of law.  That means
    it should be done without the illegal occupation of
    farms, violence, or the displacement of farm laborers.
    The U.S. did not commit, at the Lancaster House
    negotiations or otherwise, to provide funds for the
    purchase of land.  Since 1980, however, we have provided
    millions of dollars of assistance to the agricultural
    sector, including funding for Zimbabwe to benefit from
    the expertise of the University of Wisconsin's Land
    Tenure Center, which is widely recognized as the
    preeminent center of expertise in land reform from its
    30 years of work throughout the world.  The USG also
    committed at the 1998 Donors' Conference to support a
    transparent, sustainable and lawfully executed land
    redistribution program; the GOZ instead decided to carry
    out a land redistribution program in a manner which
    violated every one of these principles.

    ¶9. Question:

    What support is the USG/USAID providing to Zimbabwean
    civil society, especially those involved in promoting
    democratic values?

    Answer:

    Feel free to defer to Ambassador Sullivan.

    In 1998, we entered into a grant agreement with
    Government of Zimbabwe that established a program to
    support Zimbabwean civil society.  A big component of
    this program involves finding ways to improve dialogue
    between Parliament and civil society.
    ¶10. Question:

    What is your response to rumors that the Government of
    Zimbabwe is preparing new legislation to enable it to
    have greater influence on the operations of PVOs?

    Answer:

    I have not seen the new legislation that you are
    referring to and, therefore, I cannot comment on it.
    Having said that, in general we believe it is important
    for the Government of Zimbabwe to create an environment
    in which NGOs can effectively carry out their critical
    roles as part of civil society, including participating
    in the distribution of emergency assistance during the
    current humanitarian crisis.  We all know the
    tremendously helpful roles that NGO's, such as World
    Vision, Care, CRS and many others, have played here in
    Zimbabwe in delivering food assistance, working on
    health and HIV-AIDS projects and many other areas.  We
    certainly would hope that the GOZ not deal with NGO's as
    an enemy to to be hamstrung but as a key support to the
    Zimbabwean people.  SULLIVAN

`