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### Viewing cable 04HOCHIMINHCITY1494, DRL DAS DUGAN IN HCMC: HUMAN RIGHTS, RELIGION, WOMEN'S

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04HOCHIMINHCITY1494 | 2004-12-01 04:19 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Ho Chi Minh City

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 HO CHI MINH CITY 001494

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PHUM SOCI PREL KIRF PREF PGOV VM HUMANR RELFREE
    SUBJECT: DRL DAS DUGAN IN HCMC: HUMAN RIGHTS, RELIGION, WOMEN'S
    ISSUES

    REF:  A) HCMC 1481 B) HCMC 1465

    ¶1. (SBU) Summary:  Religious leaders and human rights dissidents
    told DRL DAS Dugan that despite strict GVN controls, they have
    seen improvement in human rights and religious freedom.  They
    welcomed continued pressure on Vietnam but cautioned against
    sanctions.  Recognized religious groups planned to test the
    provisions of the new Ordinance on Religion.  Protestant house
    church leaders had concerns over the new law's implications.  GVN
    officials stressed their commitment to expand gradually human
    rights in Vietnam and asked for USG patience.  The HCMC Women's
    Union outlined efforts to assist trafficked women and sex workers
    and to counsel Vietnamese overseas brides, especially to Taiwan.
    Dugan welcomed dialogue with GVN leaders, stressed the importance
    of human rights and religious freedom to the United States and
    urged the GVN to build partnerships with religious organizations
    to combat social evils.  End Summary.

    ¶2. (SBU) DRL DAS Elizabeth Dugan and Senior DRL Advisor Susan
    O'Sullivan visited HCMC November 20 to 22 to assess human rights
    and religious freedom issues.  They met with Deputy Chairman of
    the HCMC External Relations Office Le Hung Quoc, five Vice-
    Chairman of the HCMC Fatherland Front, Cardinal Man, and a Central
    Highlands leader of the recognized Protestant Southern Evangelical
    Church of Vietnam (SECV).  The DRL team visited a women's shelter
    run by the HCMC Women's Union, met with HCMC social activists, and
    attended a Protestant House Church service.  DAS Dugan also
    discussed met with dissidents Father Chan Tin, Dr. Tran Khue and
    the wife of Dr. Nguyen Dan Que.  They also were the first USG
    officials to meet with Buddhist leader Thich Quang Do since his
    placement in unofficial "pagoda arrest" in October 2003.  (HCMC
    1465 and HCMC 1481 report on the status of Dr. Que and on DAS
    Dugan's meeting with Thich Quang Do, respectively.)

    GVN: "the glass is half full"
    -----------------------------

    ¶3. (SBU) The External Relations Office and the Fatherland Front
    noted their commitment to improve human rights.  Fatherland Front
    officials said they were leading a process of step-by-step
    "democratization." However, the GVN's first priority is poverty
    eradication and raising living standards.  ERO Deputy Director
    Quoc said Vietnam has made real progress on human rights over the
    past ten years and more will be made in the next five.  Patience
    and giving Vietnam room to develop is key, they argued.  GVN
    officials said that CPC designation was unwarranted.  While there
    are "isolated" problems caused by "uninformed" local officials,
    the majority of Vietnamese enjoy greater religious freedom than
    ever.

    Dissidents: CPC Yes, Sanctions No
    ---------------------------------

    ¶4. (SBU) Dissidents Tran Khue, Mrs. Tam Van -- wife of imprisoned
    activist Dr. Nguyen Dan Que -- and Father Chan Tin thanked DAS
    Dugan for U.S. efforts to promote human rights in Vietnam.  They
    noted that Vietnam has made progress in expanding personal
    freedoms over the past 10 years, but much more was needed.  Father
    Chan Tin was skeptical that the new ordinance on religion would
    expand religious freedom.  Tran Khue called for greater
    transparency in government and for the eventual end to one-party
    rule.  Mrs. Que thanked DAS Dugan for USG support of her husband
    and hoped for his amnesty. (Ref A)  Father Chan Tim and Dr. Tran
    Khue applauded the USG for CPC designation, but opposed any
    sanctions.  In a separate meeting, Thich Quang Do of the banned
    United Buddhist Church of Vietnam also supported CPC designation,
    but opposed sanctions. (Ref B)

    SECV and Catholic Church: weighing the new ordinance
    --------------------------------------------- -------

    ¶5. (SBU) A Central Highlands SECV leader told DAS Dugan that
    conditions for the SECV in the province of Gia Lai were difficult,
    although improving.  He noted that he was in frequent contact with
    the provincial Committee for Religious Affairs (CRA) and other
    local officials.  This dialogue and the SECV's decision to steer
    clear of Montagnard separatism or other "political" demands have
    been the keys to progress.  The SECV contact said that since
    September the local authorities approved opening three churches --
    out of six requested -- although one of the three remains mired in
    a dispute over the name of the church.

    ¶6. (SBU) Calling the new ordinance "difficult for me and the local
    authorities," the SECV representative noted that he has held
    discussions with the provincial CRA as well as Ministry of Public
    Security (MPS) officials from Hanoi on implementation of the law,
    which came into effect November 15.  He said that the SECV had
    been asked by the CRA to detail its plans for compliance.  The
    SECV has a list of 85 churches and 440 "meeting points" but has
    not submitted it to the authorities for registration.  The SECV
    fears that if registration is denied, the police will use the list
    to close "unauthorized" places of worship.  In the interim, the
    SECV submitted to the Hanoi MPS and local CRA a list of SECV
    pastors and officials in the province.  The provincial CRA asked
    the SECV to remove one of the pastors, claiming a past affiliation
    with the Montagnard separatists.  Thus far the SECV has refused.
    The SECV pastor told us that he also secured a promise from the
    Hanoi MPS that they would "reorient the psychology" of local
    police officials who remain suspicious of Protestants.

    ¶7. (SBU) Cardinal Pham Minh  Man, Archbishop of HCMC, told DAS
    Dugan that he will reserve judgment on the new ordinance until he
    can test provisions that give the Church freedom to ordain and
    transfer priests and to participate more fully in charitable and
    social services.  He told DAS Dugan that because of GVN
    restrictions on the Church's charitable activities, a number of
    programs have been forced underground.  Examples he cited include
    a shelter run by nuns for pregnant women, a street children center
    and an HIV/AIDS clinic in HCMC.  He hoped that a recent GVN
    invitation to Catholic nuns to work in GVN HIV/AIDS clinics might
    suggest a change in GVN thinking about the Church's role.

    Protestant House Churches: On the outside looking in
    --------------------------------------------- --------

    ¶8. (SBU) After attending a Protestant house church service in an
    outer district of HCMC, DAS Dugan met with Pastor Pham Dinh Nhan
    (strictly protect), a leader of the Vietnam Evangelical Foundation
    (VEF), an umbrella organization for Vietnam's house churches.
    Pastor Nhan welcomed USG efforts to promote religious freedom in
    Vietnam.  He said that almost all house churches faced periodic
    police harassment, although the frequency of harassment has
    decreased.  The house church that DAS Dugan visited had been
    subject of police inquiry 12 times since its creation, but none in
    the past year.

    ¶9. (SBU) Nhan said that the Ordinance on Religion presented house
    churches with difficult decisions.  He confirmed that there has
    been dialogue with local CRA and MPS officials on how house
    churches fit in the new legal framework.  The sticking point is
    that GVN officials do not wish to recognize the "scattered" house
    churches as places of worship.  The large number of Protestant
    denominations and the lack of a hierarchal structure in the
    Protestant community add to the GVN's difficulty in dealing with
    the house church movement, Nhan said.  Some in the house church
    movement fear that the GVN will use the law a pretext to close all
    house churches.  As a result, attendance at some house churches in
    HCMC was down on November 21 -- the first Sunday under the new
    law.  (Note:  Except for the house church of controversial
    Mennonite Pastor Nguyen Hong Quang, we have heard of no GVN effort
    to close house churches since the ordinance came into effect.  End
    Note.)

    Women's Center of HCMC: a drop in the bucket
    --------------------------------------------

    ¶10. (SBU) DAS Dugan visited the Center for Disadvantaged Women and
    Children, run by the HCMC Women's Union, part of the Fatherland
    Front.  The Center is supported financially by AFESIP, a French
    NGO.  The Women's Union representatives explained that the Center
    is a GVN-approved pilot project to help female victims of
    trafficking, prostitution and drug addiction.  The Center promotes
    HIV awareness and distributes condoms to prostitutes, provides
    vocational training and helps its clients reintegrate into
    society.  The programs are run by three "peer" advisors, former
    sex workers who are now employed full time by the center.

    ¶11. (SBU) In its first two years of operation, the Center had
    assisted 52 young women and teenagers -- 19 currently are Center
    clients.  Of the 52 women assisted by the Center, four were "lured
    into prostitution," 17 became prostitutes of their own volition,
    18 were victims of sexual abuse, and 11 are "at risk" children
    from poverty stricken or abusive homes.  Another two young
    Vietnamese women were brought to the Center after being found
    abandoned in a hotel in HCMC.  The two were to be trafficked to
    Taiwan, according to the Women's Union officials.  The Center
    estimates that there are 10,000 to 15,000 sex workers in HCMC.

    ¶12. (SBU) The Women's Union representatives told DAS Dugan that in
    2004 they had launched a second self-funded initiative -- an
    advisory center to counsel Vietnamese women who plan to marry
    foreign husbands.  The Center has counseled 479 prospective brides
    to date.  The Women's Union hopes that the Center will be able to
    develop the capacity to check the bona fides of foreigners on
    behalf of prospective Vietnamese brides.   The Union hoped to
    minimize tragic situations such as a number of Vietnamese women
    who unknowingly were married to disabled South Korean men to be
    their caregivers.

    ¶13. (SBU) The Women's Union representatives told DAS Dugan that,
    from 1993 through May 2004, 41,900 women from Vietnam's
    southernmost 13 provinces became overseas brides.  The rate of
    overseas marriage is on the rise -- some 5,000 per year from
    Vietnam's 13 southern provinces in the last three years.
    According to the Women's Union, 32 percent married Taiwanese 69
    percent married men who were at least 20 years their elder.  80
    percent were unemployed prior to marriage and 75 percent had low
    education levels -- some were illiterate.  Many did not speak
    their future husband's language.  On average, the brides' families
    received 6 million Dong (USD 360) from marriage brokers, according
    to Women's Union statistics.

    ¶14. (SBU) In her meetings with Vietnamese officials, DAS Dugan
    applauded the Women's Union for its efforts but noted that the
    needs far exceeded the Union's -- and the GVN's -- limited
    resources.   She noted that in the U.S. and elsewhere, religious
    groups provide support in dealing with difficult social issues.
    DAS Dugan encouraged her interlocutors to build stronger
    partnerships with Vietnam's religious organizations to tackle
    social problems.

    ¶15. (U) DAS Dugan cleared this cable.

    WINNICK

`