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### Viewing cable 04ANKARA1717, SOUTHEAST TURKEY SITUATION REPORT: IMPROVING

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04ANKARA1717 | 2004-03-23 09:20 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Ankara

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 ANKARA 001717

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    ANKARA PASS IZMIR

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PGOV PREL PHUM ECON TU SY IZ
    SUBJECT: SOUTHEAST TURKEY SITUATION REPORT:  IMPROVING
    CONDITIONS ARE NOT SET IN A SOLID FOUNDATION

    REF: A. ANKARA 1646
         ¶B. ANKARA 1624
         ¶C. ANKARA 1423
         ¶D. ADANA 022

    THIS CABLE IS FROM AMCONSUL ADANA.

    ¶1. (SBU)  From February 22-27, consulate personnel traveled
    the eastern part of the consular district, including the
    cities of Diyarbakir, Batman, Mardin, Nusaybin and Sanliurfa.
     The primary issues that emerged in meetings with
    academicians, medical and legal professionals, politicians,
    local administrators, civil right activists and business
    leaders were civil rights, local elections, security and the
    economy.  While there are positive trends in all of these
    areas, the recent clashes over the border in Syria between
    Kurds and Arabs (REF A) illustrate how easily external events
    might affect a fragile stability.  As Newroz and the local
    elections approach, the combination of emotions and large
    seasonal gatherings could be influenced by a negative turn of
    events in Northern Iraq.

    HUMAN RIGHTS

    NEW AMENDMENTS CREATE DIFFICULTIES FOR WORSHIPPERS

    ¶2. (SBU) In Diyarbakir, a nondenominational Protestant
    congregation of about 50-60 worshippers is experiencing
    difficulty since new amendments on religious buildings were
    passed in December 2003.  The amendments, which allow the
    word &mosque8 to be replaced by &place of worship,8
    appear at first glance, to be an improvement.  The
    congregation up until December 2003 was in compliance with
    all procedures.  However, the new amendment requires an
    application filed with local administration, approval by the
    municipality and final certification by the governor,s
    office for a need for the prospective place of worship.

    ¶3. (SBU) The congregation diligently pursued meeting the new
    requirements but failed to receive the required approvals.
    Subsequently, the Security Directorate brought charges
    against Pastor Ahmet Guvener for opening an unauthorized
    church and disobeying official orders.  On March 18,
    consulate personnel confirmed that there will be a court
    hearing on May 12.

    KURDISH LANGUAGE SCHOOLS OPEN*FINALLY

    ¶4.  (SBU) After waiting periods of 18 months to two years,
    several Kurdish schools in southeast Turkey are finally
    opening their doors.  Consulate personnel visited the new
    schools in Batman and Urfa. The consulate personnel who
    visited the facilities agreed that these were probably among
    the most up-to-building code facilities they had ever
    visited.

    ¶5. (SBU) The Turkish Education Ministry (YOK) placed some
    limitations on what could be taught at the schools.  In
    Batman, the school is permitted to teach only conversational
    Kurdish and no grammar.  The Batman school was printing
    textbooks and working on a dictionary. Teachers told
    consulate personnel that it was possible to buy Kurdish books
    in local stores in both Batman and Urfa.  Right now, the
    registered students are 18 years of age or older, but there
    are plans at both schools to teach younger students.
    Qualified instructors will continue to be a problem because
    there is no formal higher education in the Kurdish language
    in Turkey. When consulate personnel asked the rector of a
    prominent university, he stated that there was no need for
    Kurdish in their language department.

    SERIOUS ABUSE DECLINING*DEMOCRATIZATION ON EVERYBODY,S MIND

    ¶6. (SBU) In Sanliurfa, human rights activists told us that
    reports of physical torture have significantly decreased, but
    that the Security Directorate continued to impede their
    efforts to assemble for meetings or presentations.  According
    to one Sanliurfa NGO leader, the Security Directorate
    frequently refused to allow NGOs to hire halls or get permits
    for gatherings.  A prominent Diyarbakir lawyer also stated
    that the overall civil rights situation was improving.  The
    lawyer was pleased with the passage of EU reforms but stated
    that the implementation wasn,t taking place at the local
    administration level.  For example, it might be legal now to
    give a child a Kurdish name, but it was still possible to
    encounter a local official who would refuse to register it.
    He noted that people living in southeast Turkey could be
    expected to oppose decentralization reform because of
    difficulties experienced with local officials.

    ¶7. (SBU) A prominent Diyarbakir business leader emphasized
    the importance of a solution in Cyprus to the democratization
    process in Turkey.  The businessman stated that many in
    southeast Turkey believe that a Cyprus solution will speed up
    the EU accession process and lead to more democratic reforms.
     He added that with reform the parliament,s power would
    increase and &other organizations8 within the GOT would
    come under civil control.  He emphasized (as consulate
    personnel heard in most meetings) his belief that the USG had
    the ability to strongly influence the GOT.

    SE LOCAL ELECTIONS

    DEHAP,S ONLY SERIOUS OPPOSITION IS DEHAP

    ¶8. (SBU) In Nusaybin, a local administration official told
    consulate personnel that the only serious opposition to DEHAP
    in southeast Turkey was DEHAP itself.  He stated that there
    was an internal fault line separating the moderates from the
    more radical elements in the party (REF B).  In Diyarbakir, a
    mayoral candidate related that the southeast was the one
    place where the AK Party and the military were getting along
    well. According to the candidate, AK Party and the military
    shared the common goal of seeing DEHAP factionalized and
    defeated.

    ¶9. (SBU) Many DEHAP supporters were clearly frustrated that
    KONGRA-GEL had been named a terrorist organization by the
    USG.  In Mardin, DEHAP officials strongly supported a general
    amnesty to encourage militants to disarm and like most DEHAP
    officials and party supporters that spoke with consulate
    personnel, believed that the USG could strongly influence the
    GOT on this point.

    ¶9. (SBU) The effect KONGRA-GEL exerts on DEHAP was not clear
    from the meetings with local elected DEHAP officials, legal
    professionals, and human rights activists.  In Batman, an
    elected DEHAP official stated that &if KONGRA-GEL orders
    everyone not to vote for DEHAP, not one vote will go to
    DEHAP8.  On the other hand, a prominent civil rights lawyer
    in the same city noted DEHAP factionalization was being
    exacerbated by some DEHAP members, resistance to KONGRA-GEL
    pronouncements.  In Nusaybin, for example, a local
    administration official related that KONGRA-GEL recently
    called for the closure of shops in the city as a protest, but
    few people responded.

    AK PARTY*PLAN OF ACTION FAILED IN BATMAN AND MARDIN

    ¶10. (SBU) There were signs that AK Party is making serious
    efforts to win voters in southeast Turkey.  Common AK Party
    themes in Diyarbakir, Batman and Mardin were transparency and
    candidates native to the area with no record of corruption.
    The Diyarbakir AK Party Vice Chairman emphasized the
    importance the AK National Headquarters places on Diyarbakir;
    for example, PM Erdogan visited the city on March 14.  In
    Batman, the AK Party Vice Chairman noted that the government
    had already sent 2000 tons of asphalt to Batman (even though
    they had a DEHAP mayor) and that the PM had promised that
    natural gas would be available by 2005. The Batman Vice
    Chairman described an impressive plan of action for the city.
     However, AK Party candidates in both Batman and Mardin were
    disqualified for not getting their applications submitted in
    time.

    ¶11. (SBU)  The Diyarbakir CHP Chairman stated that
    personality is more important than the party affiliation in
    these elections, and that &people were only interested in
    the AK Party because the ruling party gets them more
    services8.  This reminded consulate personnel of the Adana
    mayoralty race (REF C).  Incumbent Aytac Durak (now
    officially the AK Party candidate) stated publicly that he
    only wanted to belong to a &stronger8 party.  However, most
    Diyarbakir contacts with whom consulate personnel met, of
    whom some were rank and file voters and others party
    officials, showed strong ideological views as opposed to
    choosing based on personality as is more common in Adana or
    Mersin.
    ¶12. (SBU) During the course of this trip, contacts did not
    express any fears about casting their votes safely during the
    election process, but showed some concern that there would be
    irregularities.  In Batman, one elected official suggested
    that there should be election observers sent to Southeast
    Turkey.

    SECURITY*CALM BUT POTENTIAL FOR INSTABILITY REMAINS

    ¶13. (SBU) Without exception, all contacts expressed their
    unease at the situation in Northern Iraq and stressed that
    any action taken by the USG there could threaten the
    stability in southeast Turkey.  Recent events in northern
    Syria illustrate the volatility of the Kurdish issue (REF A).
     In Mardin, DEHAP officials told consulate personnel that
    DEHAP only represents Kurds in Turkey; KONGRA-GEL represents
    all Kurds, opening up the possibility that some unspecified
    action might be taken there by KONGRA-GEL. The situation
    remains calm near the Syrian border on the Turkish side, but
    this, and the situation in Northern Iraq, pose potential
    problems for stability, especially with Newroz and local
    elections approaching.

    ¶14. (SBU) There were some positive signs in local
    administration in Batman and Nusaybin.  In Batman, SHP/DEHAP
    coalition party officials reported constructive dialogue with
    the security director and blamed the occasional arrest during
    demonstrations on a few racist police officers.  One official
    stated that Batman was &more democratic than Diyarbakir or
    Siirt8.  In contrast, on March 9, near Batman (on a road
    traveled by consulate vehicle on February 25) two jandarma
    were killed when a remotely controlled land mine was
    exploded, reportedly by PKK militants.

    ¶15. (SBU) In, Nusaybin, local administration showed genuine
    efforts to embrace diversity and promote conflict prevention.
     The subgovernor stated that in the recent year, residents
    had become more likely to declare themselves Turkish
    citizens, no matter what their ethnic background.  Nusaybin
    is a diverse community of Christians, Muslims, Kurds and
    Arabs.  Sociologists from Dokuz Eylul University had been
    invited to study the area to improve the cooperation of the
    various groups.  The subgovernor had also made contacts in
    Europe with groups of Christian and Jewish former residents
    to encourage them to return to Nusaybin.  Overall, the
    atmosphere remains calm in Nusaybin, however, on February 13,
    there was a clash between security forces and the militant
    group, People,s Defense Force (HPG).  One militant was
    reported killed.  The Nusaybin subgovernor,s office
    confirmed the report.

    INCENTIVE LAW, IRAQ TRADE SEEN AS UNLIKELY TO HELP ECONOMY

    ¶16. (SBU)  Diyarbakir Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI)
    President Kutbettin Arzu praised the new tax incentive law,
    but stated that the inclusion of western cities as
    beneficiaries would negate any positive effect for the cities
    in the southeast (REF D).   Mardin CCI President Faruk
    Ugurgel reported that the used industrial capacity in Mardin
    increased from 10-50% in the last year, but that there will
    be no new job creation until it reaches 100%.  Some trade is
    being done with Iraq, according to Ugurgel, but profit
    margins on general goods such as foodstuffs and water, are
    being impacted by the $100-300/truck levy being collected on
    the Iraqi side of the Habur gate.

    ¶17. (SBU) Ugurgel confirmed that the operation of the gate
    was seriously degraded from prewar throughput.  According to
    Ugurgel, prewar rate was 5000 trucks/day, now down to 1500
    trucks/day, with an average wait of 10 days to clear the
    gate.  Chamber members, he stated, would like to see a second
    gate at Nusaybin handling trucks to Iraq through Syria.
    Ugurgel explained that it would speed things up, and of
    course, a Nusaybin gate would be close to Mardin (also the
    closest free zone to Syria).  The Mardin CCI President
    believed that this would facilitate trade with Iraq and
    Syria.  When consulate personnel met with CCI officials in
    Diyarbakir, Mardin and Sanliurfa, all complained of a general
    lack of information on doing business with the CPA or in
    Iraq.  The CCI officials didn,t expect to profit from trade
    with Iraq when they couldn,t understand the contracting
    process.

    ¶18. (SBU)  Consulate personnel met with Diyarbakir Grameen
    Microcredit Project Director Abdul Matin.  Matin reported no
    problems with managing or funding the project.  He expected
    further funding to be forthcoming from the Soros Foundation
    in the near future.  The project consists of groups of 8-10
    recipients, each of whom receives a small loan (about 500
    million Turkish lira) and is required to pay it back in a
    specified time.  Matin reported a 99% repayment success.
    Mostly the beneficiaries are buying and selling small market
    goods, but some have formed cooperatives and made larger
    investments, such as a washing machine.  The only negative
    feedback that consulate personnel received was from a NGO
    director, who expressed concern over the project,s political
    support from an AK party parliamentarian.

    ¶19. (SBU) The most visible signs of economic prosperity were
    in Batman and Sanliurfa.  In Batman, consulate personnel
    noted an unusual number of Ankara (6) and Istanbul (34)
    plates.  It is common for the elite of a southeastern city to
    register their cars in Ankara or Istanbul and maintain
    residences there as well.  To have an Istanbul or Ankara
    license plate is considered a status symbol.  Incumbent DEHAP
    Mayor Huseyin Kalkan reported the unemployment at 17%.  The
    mayor described a 39 million Euro loan from a German bank for
    infrastructure improvements.  Of the 39 million Euro total,
    20 million was to be a grant and 19 million a long term loan.
     Kalkan complained the Treasury Department was delaying the
    project by refusing to cosign on the loan.

    ¶20. (SBU) In Sanliurfa, the CCI office was extremely
    well-appointed and the CCI President asserted that in
    southeast Turkey, Sanliurfa was probably one of the most
    successful cities.  CCI President Ismail Demirkol noted the
    superhighway planned from Gaziantep to Sanliurfa and road
    widening from Mardin to Urfa.  Demirkol also stated that the
    Sanliurfa cargo airport is 70% complete.

    ¶21. (U) However, the current road from Mardin to Gaziantep is
    easily the worst major highway consulate personnel travel on
    in the region, used by a large number of heavily loaded
    vehicles, most of them on the way to Habur Gate.  There are
    overturned fuel trucks every few kilometers and the ditches
    along the highway are filled with spilled petroleum products
    not water.
    EDELMAN

`