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### Viewing cable 04HANOI2809, Ambassador's October 13 Dinner with Vice Foreign

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04HANOI2809 | 2004-10-15 03:09 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Hanoi

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 HANOI 002809

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    STATE FOR EAP/BCLTV

    PACOM FOR FPA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PREL PGOV PHUM CH VM CVR HUMANR ASEAN WTO
    SUBJECT:  Ambassador's October 13 Dinner with Vice Foreign
    Minister Nguyen Phu Binh

    ¶1. (SBU) Summary:  The Ambassador hosted a dinner October 13
    for Vice Foreign Minister Nguyen Phu Binh, who, in his
    capacity as head of the MFA's Committee on Overseas
    Vietnamese, will soon travel to the United States to discuss
    Viet Kieu issues.  Binh said Vietnam desired improved
    relations with Vietnamese-Americans and sought to welcome
    ethnic Vietnamese back to the "homeland."  He stressed that
    he is willing meet with any person or group who had a
    "different viewpoint," but their attitude had to be
    "constructive;" he would not engage with "extremists."  On
    China, Binh said that Beijing needed to discuss territorial
    issues (the Spratlys) with all interested parties and not
    try to deal with invidual claimants; the same applied to the
    Paracels.  Vietnam looked to other countries in the region
    for good development examples, but the most obvious model
    was China.  Vietnam also wanted to play a more prominent
    role in the region, and WTO accession would help to speed
    this along; however, the support and "sympathy" of the
    United States are key.  The USG sent the wrong message to
    Vietnam by failing to deal with "negative anti-Vietnam
    elements" in the United States, and attempting to pressure
    Vietnam through the Country of Particular Concern (CPC)
    designation, for example, would be counter-productive.
    Although Vietnam sees human rights as a collective issue, it
    is ready to deal with "individual cases" raised by the
    United States.  End Summary.

    OVERSEAS VIETNAMESE
    -------------------

    ¶2. (U) The Ambassador, accompanied by PAO and Pol/C, hosted
    a dinner October 13 for Vice Foreign Minister Nguyen Phu
    Binh.  Binh, who is also head of the MFA's Committee for
    Overseas Vietnamese, will depart October 15 for a six-day
    visit to Canada and a ten-day visit to the United States,
    including stops in Washington, D.C., New Orleans and
    Northern California.  VFM Binh's purpose is to discuss Viet
    Kieu (overseas Vietnamese) issues with central and local
    government authorities, community groups and individuals of
    Vietnamese descent.  Binh's delegation will include Tran Van
    Thinh, Director of the Committee's Department for General
    Community Research, and Dang Tran Phong, Editor-in-chief of
    the Committee's Que Huong (Homeland) Journal.  Both Thinh
    and Phong joined VFM Binh and the Ambassador for dinner.

    ¶3. (U) Binh opened by explaining that the Committee on
    Overseas Vietnamese, which became part of the MFA in 1996
    and has a permanent staff of 70, was primarily responsible
    for outreach to communities of ethnic Vietnamese living
    overseas through the MFA's missions and official media,
    including the Committee's "Homeland" journal and website.
    Binh agreed with the Ambassador that the 1.4 million
    Vietnamese-Americans represented a potential bridge between
    the United States and Vietnam.  Although dealing with the
    thorny issue of Vietnam's relations with Vietnamese-
    Americans was sometimes "difficult," after many years,
    "things are getting better."  For its part, Vietnam
    considered all overseas Vietnamese to be "Vietnamese,"
    regardless of their current citizenship.  "Although the war
    divided us, after 30 years, there is no reason to remain
    divided," the Vice Foreign Minister said.  "Asians attach
    great importance to their homeland and where their
    ancestors' graves are located, and Vietnam's primary
    objective is to have overseas Vietnamese return home and
    visit these graves and see for themselves the changes in
    Vietnam," he continued.  Returning to Vietnam to "make
    economic or other contributions" was of secondary
    importance, Binh asserted.

    ¶4. (U) The Ambassador noted that improved relations between
    Viet Kieu and Vietnam would have a positive impact on the
    overall bilateral relationship.  Conversely, voices in the
    Vietnamese-American community speaking out against building
    up the bilateral relationship could be harmful.  We needed
    to have positive voices to counterbalance the harmful ones
    and to help the leaders in both countries to move the
    bilateral relationship in a positive direction.  Outreach,
    both by the Committee and by Vietnam's Ambassador and other
    diplomats in the United States, was important to bridge the
    information gap, the Ambassador said.

    ¶5. (U) VFM Binh explained that, while in the United States,
    he would meet with anyone who is willing to discuss issues
    in a constructive manner.  He would not meet with
    "extremists," however, or anyone else who does not wish to
    have a "constructive dialogue."  Binh noted that he had met
    twice with former Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) Vice
    President Nguyen Cao Ky and agreed that, while the latter's
    high profile visit was positive, what was more important was
    to develop a "fundamental, broad-based way" to improve
    Vietnam's relationship with Vietnamese-Americans.

    ¶6. (U) Binh explained that ethnic Vietnamese who had assumed
    different nationalities, although treated as foreigners in
    Vietnam, nonetheless had "special privileges," such as being
    able to purchase land and other real estate.  He agreed that
    it is important to ensure that, as the number of Vietnamese-
    Americans returning to Vietnam to visit or live continued to
    rise, they are aware of the sometimes special rules that
    govern their activities here.  The Ambassador stressed that
    one of the U.S. Mission's primary responsibilities is to
    provide assistance to Americans in trouble.  If a Vietnamese-
    American ran afoul of the law -- particularly outside of
    urban areas -- local police and other officials often are
    not aware of the need for notification, for example, and
    this sometimes gives the GVN a black eye.  Good coordination
    between the Mission and the GVN is the way to avoid this,
    the Ambassador said.

    ¶7. (U) Binh listened with interest to the Ambassador's
    listing of a number of prominent Vietnamese-Americans --
    including a professional football player -- and agreed that
    they could play a useful role in advancing Vietnam's
    relations with the Viet Kieu community in the United States.
    That said, Vietnam is always ready to welcome any ethnic
    Vietnamese back to the "homeland;" even if they could not
    make a "direct contribution," they could still help to build
    a bridge.  Binh reiterated that Vietnam would not hesitate
    to talk with people of different viewpoints, particularly if
    these viewpoints aare different because of a lack of
    understanding about the "real situation" in Vietnam.
    However, there would be no discussions with extremists, Binh
    repeated.  Vietnam needs to be persistent, and it might take
    a long time to win over some members of the Vietnamese-
    American community.  But Vietnam has time.  Some 20 years
    ago, only 8,000 Vietnamese-Americans returned to Vietnam in
    one year.  Now the number was 360,000 per year and rising.
    All of these individuals might not agree with what they see
    and hear in Vietnam, but they are welcome nonetheless, Binh
    said.

    CHINA
    -----

    ¶8. (SBU) VFM Binh's brief also includes Asia and Africa
    issues and, changing gears, Binh discussed briefly PRC Prime
    Minister Wen Jiabao's recent visit to Hanoi and his
    bilateral discussions with Vietnam's leaders (septel).  On
    the subject of the Spratlys, Binh opined that China's aim
    was to "put aside" the current territorial disputes and
    focus on oil and natural gas exploration, but, because this
    is a sensitive maritime area, all the parties involved
    should discuss the issue only within the context of the
    Declaration of Conduct, he stressed.  Separate discussions
    or deals only added to mutual suspicion and mistrust.  For
    that reason, Vietnam would not join China and others in a
    deal to explore jointly the disputed area because this would
    send a signal that Vietnam sought only to take care of
    itself.  The key to resolve this is a discussion among all
    the parties, Binh emphasized.

    ¶9. (SBU) Turning to tourism in the Spratlys, Binh said that,
    although several Vietnamese tourism companies had "noisily"
    advertised trips to the islands, in reality this is possible
    only during April and May and there just are not the
    facilities to handle tourists.  The GVN does not want to
    increase tension with China over this issue and, although it
    did not actively discourage the companies from advertising
    travel to the Spratlys, it did not encourage them, either.
    For now, the issue appeared to have faded away, Binh said.
    China had itself indicated its desire to develop tourism in
    the Paracels, he added.  For historic reasons, Vietnam had a
    claim to two of the islands and had told the Chinese that,
    for the same reason that China opposes Vietnam's development
    of tourism in the Spratlys, Vietnam opposes Paracels
    tourism.  If China wants to move forward with this tourism
    plan, it has to discuss it with the other concerned parties,
    Binh said.

    VIETNAM IN ASIA AND THE WORLD
    -----------------------------

    ¶10. (SBU) Fundamentally, Vietnam shares with every other
    country in Asia the desire for peace and stability, Binh
    noted.  In this sense, Vietnam is no different from China.
    As for an economic role model, Vietnam has endeavored to
    select the "good experiences" of its neighbors, such as
    China, Thailand and Malaysia.  Of course, China's
    experiences are a good fit for Vietnam because of the
    similarities of both countries' political and economic
    systems.  In terms of the development of Vietnam's trade
    relations, the United States is its number one market, but
    Vietnam should not rely solely on this market.  Because of
    trade disputes -- such as those involving shrimp and catfish
    -- it is wise for Vietnam to diversify its trading partners
    to lower the risks to itself.  The EU, Japan and China --
    the latter in particular because of its proximity to Vietnam
    -- are among Vietnam's more attractive trading partners.
    Politically, Vietnam hopes that ASEAN could be a solid
    political bloc, but some members -- such as Indonesia -- are
    focusing on internal political matters; "the sooner
    stabilized, the better," Binh continued.  Vietnam is
    concerned about ASEAN stability, particularly as some
    members sometimes seem to be more concerned about their own
    national interests rather than those of the group as a
    whole.

    DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND TRADE
    --------------------------------

    ¶11. (SBU) Vietnam's relationship with Japan is positive,
    thanks in large measure to Japan's status as Vietnam's
    largest ODA provider.  Binh agreed that U.S. assistance --
    particularly in the area of HIV/AIDS prevention -- is
    significant, and Vietnam hopes for continued U.S. economic
    and other support, such as in bilateral WTO negotiations.
    The EU had recently concluded its WTO talks with Vietnam,
    and Japan had "promised" to conclude its bilateral
    negotiations soon.  The United States and China were the
    only two question marks, and Vietnam hopes to persuade China
    not to have "greater requirements" than the United States
    and the EU.  WTO accession could help Vietnam to play an
    even more prominent role in preserving peace and stability
    in the region, Binh said.

    ¶12. (SBU) The year 2005 would be significant because of the
    removal of textile quotas for WTO members China and India,
    who stood to benefit greatly, Binh noted.  As a result,
    Vietnam's textile industry could "collapse."  This would put
    great pressure on Vietnam and would lead to increased
    unemployment.  WTO accession, while generally positive,
    would also have negative aspects, and Vietnam hopes that the
    United States will help to mitigate these downsides.
    Vietnam's economy could not become strong overnight, and
    Vietnam thus needed the "sympathy" of big countries like the
    United States, Binh argued.

    USG SHOULD PROMOTE POSITIVE ELEMENTS
    ------------------------------------

    ¶13. (SBU) Returning to the subject of Vietnamese-Americans,
    Binh expressed his hope that the USG would play a role in
    improving the "atmosphere" and promoting "positive and
    favorable elements" while reducing "negative elements."  For
    example, the Vietnam Caucus on the Hill is a positive
    element and is playing a constructive role in building the
    bilateral relationship.  However, the USG, by failing to
    take action against individuals and groups that sought to
    harm Vietnam, only created an unfavorable image of the
    United States in the eyes of many Vietnamese.  Binh said
    that the GVN hoped that the USG would not hesitate in
    dealing with individuals such as Nguyen Huu Chanh and Vo Van
    Duc, whom many Vietnamese believe the United States supports
    by not bringing them to justice.  (Note:  Nguyen Huu Chanh
    is the president of the Government of Free Vietnam (GFVN),
    an exile group which calls for the overthrow of the GVN.
    The GFVN has previously operated camps of "freedom fighters"
    along the Thai border, and is accused by the GVN of
    involvement in attacks on GVN facilities in Vietnam and
    abroad.  GFVN supporter Vo Van Duc was convicted in absentia
    by a Thai court of attempting to place a bomb in front of
    the Vietnamese Embassy in Bangkok.  He is currently
    imprisoned in California while his extradition hearings
    continue.  End Note.)  The Ambassador stressed that the USG
    would take action if we had evidence of wrongdoing and urged
    the GVN to provide us with whatever information is available
    on the individuals and groups of concern.

    HUMAN RIGHTS
    ------------

    ¶14. (SBU) Binh agreed with the Ambassador that, in areas
    such as law enforcement cooperation and intelligence
    sharing, improving cooperation and diminishing the mistrust
    held by some can only come through a step-by-step process.
    Vietnam's leadership holds many different opinions, and some
    believe that the risks of closer relations with the United
    States outweigh the benefits.  Country of Particular Concern
    (CPC) designation did not help, Binh continued, and only
    served to convince some in Vietnam that the bilateral
    relationship has more negative than positive aspects.  In
    the area of human rights, Vietnam, like other Asian
    countries, believes that the group is more important than
    the individual, and that efforts to improve the lot of the
    greatest number of people outweigh those to help individuals
    or small groups.  That said, Binh continued, Vietnam would
    pay attention to the individual cases the United States
    raised.  While true that the United States and Vietnam have
    different systems, the Ambassador responded, human rights
    and religious freedom are issues of serious concern to the
    American people, and our two countries must work together to
    resolve our differences in these areas.

    DIALOGUE WORKS BETTER THAN PRESSURE
    -----------------------------------

    ¶15. (SBU) Over time, increased contacts between Vietnam and
    the United States will gradually decrease differences, but
    both sides need to make efforts, Binh continued.  Vietnam is
    small, and pressure from a large country like the United
    States would be "counterproductive."  However, if the United
    States sets out to resolve bilateral differences through
    dialogue, then Vietnam would be ready to work with the
    United States.  Unfortunately, resolutions by certain
    American localities to "prevent" the visits of GVN officials
    have led some Vietnamese provincial officials to consider
    blocking the visits of USG officials.  The Ambassador
    explained that these resolutions were a statement of local
    sentiment and had no force in law.  Hopefully, the MFA would
    understand this and work with the Mission and Vietnamese
    local governments to ensure that USG travelers had safe and
    productive trips, the Ambassador urged.  Binh concluded by
    underlining the importance of dealing with Vietnam with
    "peace and friendship."  If the United States is able to do
    this, then there will be no "difficulties."

    ¶16. (SBU) Comment:  Vice Foreign Minister Binh was an easy
    and knowledgeable interlocutor whose Asia experience -- he
    was Vietnam's first ambassador to South Korea in 1992 -- was
    reflected in his thoughtful discussion of regional issues.
    While he might be the first to admit that his brief --
    promoting reconciliation between Vietnam and Vietnamese-
    Americans -- is not an easy one, his apparent open-
    mindedness in dealing with this issue will likely serve him
    well in the task ahead.  End Comment.
    MARINE

`