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### Viewing cable 02HOCHIMINHCITY39, CHRISTMAS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS: TOLERANCE AND REPRESSION FOR ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANTS

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
02HOCHIMINHCITY39 | 2002-01-15 14:16 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Ho Chi Minh City

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

    151416Z Jan 02

    2002HOCHI00039 - UNCLASSIFIED

                               UNCLASSIFIED     PTQ3774

    PAGE 01        HO CHI  00039  01 OF 03  151450Z
    ACTION EAP-00

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          DODE-00  SRPP-00  DS-00    EB-00    ED-01    FBIE-00  UTED-00
          VC-00    HHS-01   H-01     TEDE-00  INR-00   IO-00    L-00
          VCE-00   AC-01    NSAE-00  NSCE-00  OIC-02   OMB-01   OPIC-01
          PA-00    PC-01    PM-00    PRS-00   ACE-00   P-00     SP-00
          IRM-00   SSO-00   STR-00   TEST-00  TRSE-00  USIE-00  PMB-00
          DSCC-00  PRM-00   DRL-02   G-00     NFAT-00  SAS-00   SWCI-00
            /011W
                      ------------------57FA7B  151451Z /38
    FM AMCONSUL HO CHI MINH CITY
    TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 5880
    INFO AMEMBASSY HANOI IMMEDIATE
    USMISSION GENEVA
    ASEAN COLLECTIVE

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 HO CHI MINH CITY 000039

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    DEPARTMENT FOR EAP/BCLTV AND EAP/PD/MSPEER
    DEPARTMENT ALSO FOR PRM
    DEPARTMENT ALSO FOR DRL/IRF
    CINCPAC FOR FPA

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: PHUM PREF PGOV PINS SOCI PREL KIRF VM CB RELFREE HUMANR ETMIN
    SUBJECT: CHRISTMAS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS: TOLERANCE AND REPRESSION FOR ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANTS

    ¶1. (SBU) SUMMARY: ACCORDING TO TWO ETHNIC MINORITY
    LEADERS, ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANTS IN THE CENTRAL
    HIGHLANDS ENCOUNTERED A MIXTURE OF TOLERANCE AND
    REPRESSION BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES AT CHRISTMASTIME.
    THERE WERE ALLEGED INCIDENTS OF SEVERE POLICE ABUSE IN
    SOME VILLAGES, BUT IN OTHER VILLAGES, AUTHORITIES
    SEEMED TO ALLOW GROUPS AS LARGE AS SEVERAL HUNDRED
    PEOPLE TO ATTEND CHRISTMAS PRAYER SERVICES.  IN A
    SEPARATE INCIDENT, VIETNAMESE SOLDIERS WERE ALLEGED TO
    HAVE KILLED AS MANY AS EIGHT PERSONS WHEN UP TO 230
    PERSONS WERE PREVENTED FROM CROSSING THE BORDER INTO
    CAMBODIA ON CHRISTMAS DAY.  SEPTEL REPORTS FURTHER ON
    PROTESTANTS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS.  END SUMMARY.

    CHRISTMAS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
    ----------------------------------
    ¶2. (SBU) ON JANUARY 15, TWO ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANT
    LEADERS, ONE FROM DAK LAK PROVINCE AND ONE FROM GIA LAI
    PROVINCE, CAME DOWN FROM THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS TO MEET
    WITH CG AND POLOFF FOR MORE THAN TWO HOURS.  THEY SAID
    LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS HAD BEEN
    WORRIED THAT THE SAME GROUPS WHO HAD ORGANIZED ANTI-
    GOVERNMENT DEMONSTRATIONS IN FEBRUARY/MARCH 2001 WOULD
    USE CHRISTMAS AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO STAGE MORE
    DEMONSTRATIONS.  OFFICIALS IN THE VARIOUS LOCALITIES
    TOOK DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN TRYING TO PREVENT
    CHRISTMAS GATHERINGS FROM GETTING OUT OF HAND.  IN SOME
    LOCATIONS, OFFICIALS ALLOWED GATHERINGS OF SEVERAL
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 03        HO CHI  00039  01 OF 03  151450Z
    HUNDRED PEOPLE; IN OTHER PLACES, THEY ALLOWED PEOPLE TO
    PRAY TOGETHER ONLY IN SMALL GROUPS IN THEIR HOMES.  YET
    IN OTHERS, PROTESTANT CHRISTMAS CELEBRATIONS WERE
    FORBIDDEN OUTRIGHT. SOME LOCAL AUTHORITIES PUSHED
    CHRISTMAS SERVICES AHEAD TO THE SUNDAY BEFORE
    CHRISTMAS.

    ¶3. (SBU) ACCORDING TO THE LEADER FROM DAK LAK PROVINCE,
    400-500 ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANTS GATHERED IN BUON
    CUOR KNIA VILLAGE FOR AN OUTDOOR CHRISTMAS EVE VIGIL
    THAT AUTHORITIES ALLOWED TO GO ON ALL NIGHT.  (POST
    NOTE: THIS VILLAGE WAS VISITED BY CONGENOFFS DURING A
    PRE-CHRISTMAS TRIP TO THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS.)  ON
    CHRISTMAS DAY, HOWEVER, THE TWO ETHNIC MINORITY
    MINISTERS WHO LED THE SERVICES WERE DETAINED AND HELD
    FOR FIVE DAYS.  THEIR DETENTION WAS NOT IN CONNECTION
    WITH THE CHRISTMAS SERVICE, ACCORDING TO OUR SOURCE.
    POLICE DETAINED THEM BECAUSE THEY WERE SUSPECTED OF
    BEING INVOLVED WITH TWELVE VILLAGERS WHO HAD ATTEMPTED
    TO CROSS THE BORDER TO CAMBODIA ON CHRISTMAS DAY (SEE
    NEXT SECTION).

    ¶4. (SBU) THE LEADER SAID THAT IN KRONG PA DISTRICT, DAK
    LAK PROVINCE, ABOUT 600 ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANTS
    GATHERED FOR AN OUTDOOR CHRISTMAS VIGIL.  ON CHRISTMAS
    DAY, HOWEVER, POLICE SUMMONED THE FEMALE MINISTER OF
    THE CONGREGATION TO THE POLICE STATION FOR SEVERAL DAYS
    OF QUESTIONING.  OUR SOURCE SPECULATED THE POLICE WERE
    DISMAYED AT THE LARGE TURNOUT AT HER CHURCH.

    ¶5. (SBU) THE LEADER SAID THAT HE HAD PERSONALLY LED A
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 04        HO CHI  00039  01 OF 03  151450Z
    PRAYER CEREMONY OF ABOUT 250 PERSONS OUTSIDE HIS HOME.
    HE SAID HE WAS AWARE OF AT LEAST FIVE OR SIX OTHER
    PLACES IN DAK LAK PROVINCE WHERE PEACEFUL PRAYER
    GATHERINGS OF MORE THAN 100 PERSONS TOOK PLACE.  HE
    SAID THAT IN NUMEROUS VILLAGES IN THE PROVINCE, POLICE
    ALLOWED GROUPS OF 50 PEOPLE OR FEWER TO GATHER IN HOMES
    TO CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS.

    ¶6. (SBU) THIS SOURCE EMPHASIZED, HOWEVER, THAT IN OTHER
    VILLAGES IN DAK LAK PROVINCE, AUTHORITIES PASSED THE
    WORD THAT NO ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANT CHRISTMAS
    SERVICES WOULD BE ALLOWED.  AS A RESULT, OUR SOURCE
    CLAIMED MOST ETHNIC MINORITY CHRISTIANS EITHER DID NOT
    CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS OR PRAYED QUIETLY IN THEIR HOMES.

    ¶7. (SBU) THE LEADER FROM GIA LAI PROVINCE SAID
    CHRISTMAS THERE WAS SIMILAR.  IN PLEI BRENG VILLAGE,
    NEAR THE PROVINCIAL SEAT OF PLEIKU, SOLDIERS ASSISTED
    IN ORGANIZING THE CHRISTMAS PRAYER SERVICES.  THIS
    SOURCE SPECULATED IT WAS LESS A MATTER OF HOLIDAY
    SPIRIT THAN A MEANS FOR MAINTAINING CONTROL OVER
    EVENTS.  HE SAID THAT IN GIA LAI'S CHU PRONG AND CHU SE
    DISTRICTS, NO CHRISTMAS CELEBRATIONS WERE ALLOWED.

    ¶8. (SBU) IN PEK VILLAGE IN DAK DOA DISTRICT, ABOUT 1500
    PERSONS GATHERED ON DECEMBER 24, AND WERE PREPARING TO

    PAGE 02        HO CHI  00039  02 OF 03  151451Z
    SUBJECT: CHRISTMAS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS: TOLERANCE
    AND REPRESSION FOR ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANTS

    STAGE AN ANTI-GOVERNMENT DEMONSTRATION.  AFTER A FEW
    HOURS, POLICE AND ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANT LEADERS
    PERSUADED THE PEOPLE TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMES
    PEACEFULLY.  OUR SOURCE SAID HE WITNESSED EVENTS IN DAK
    DOA PERSONALLY.

    ¶9. (SBU) HE SAID THAT POLICE DETAINED AND TORTURED TWO
    PASTORS FROM CHU SE DISTRICT BY PUTTING STICKS BETWEEN
    THEIR FINGERS AND THEN SLAMMING THEIR HANDS WITH A
    BOOK.  ONE OF THE TWO, 32-YEAR-OLD R'MAH NHUI (ALSO
    KNOWN AS AMA SOREN) FROM IA LE VILLAGE IN CHU SE
    DISTRICT, CAME TO THE LEADER'S HOME AND SHOWED HIM HIS
    BROKEN FINGERS.  HE ASSERTED THE POLICE DID THIS
    BECAUSE THEY HEARD HE WAS PLANNING TO ORGANIZE A
    CHRISTMAS PRAYER SERVICE.

    ¶10. (SBU) SPECIFICALLY ASKED ABOUT ALLEGATIONS OF
    TORTURE BY ELECTRIC SHOCK, THE LEADER FROM GIA LAI
    PROVINCE SAID HE WAS UNAWARE OF POLICE USING THESE
    TACTICS.  THE LEADER FROM DAK LAK PROVINCE, HOWEVER,
    SAID BUON CUOR KNIA POLICE BEAT UP AND SHOCKED WITH
    ELECTRIC WIRES 12 PEOPLE WHO HAD ATTEMPTED TO CROSS
    INTO CAMBODIA.  BOTH LEADERS SAID POLICE -- ETHNIC
    MINORITY AS WELL AS ETHNIC VIETNAMESE KINH -- ROUTINELY
    ROUGHED UP SUSPECTS DURING DETENTION.  NEITHER SOURCE
    WAS AWARE OF ANYONE DETAINED IN CONNECTION WITH
    CHRISTMAS SERVICES WHO WAS STILL BEING HELD.

                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 03        HO CHI  00039  02 OF 03  151451Z
    ALLEGATIONS OF KILLINGS ON THE CAMBODIAN BORDER
    --------------------------------------------- --
    ¶11. (SBU) BOTH LEADERS RELATED THAT APPROXIMATELY 230
    ETHNIC MINORITY PERSONS ATTEMPTED TO CROSS INTO
    CAMBODIA ON CHRISTMAS DAY.  THEY CAME IN TWO GROUPS -
    ONE GROUP OF ABOUT 30 PERSONS FROM KON TUM PROVINCE;
    ANOTHER GROUP OF ABOUT 200 PERSONS FROM DAK LAK
    PROVINCE.  A GUIDE LED THEM TO A PLACE ON THE CAMBODIAN
    BORDER NEAR GIAO VILLAGE IN DAK MIL DISTRICT, DAK LAK
    PROVINCE.

    ¶12. (SBU) ACCORDING TO OUR SOURCES, THE GUIDE TOLD THE
    GROUP HE WOULD LEAVE THEM AND RETURN AFTER PURCHASING A
    MOBILE PHONE IN DAK MIL TOWN.  TWO HOURS LATER,
    VIETNAMESE SOLDIERS SURROUNDED THE GROUP.  THE LEADERS,
    WHO WERE RELATING SECOND-HAND REPORTS, INSISTED THAT
    ONE GROUP OF VIETNAMESE SOLDIERS APPROACHED FROM THE
    EAST AND ANOTHER FROM THE WEST, I.E. VIETNAMESE FROM
    THE CAMBODIAN SIDE OF THE BORDER.  OUR DAK LAK SOURCE
    SAID THIS WAS CLEARLY A "SET-UP".

    ¶13. (SBU) THIS LEADER FROM DAK LAK SAID A SECURITY
    OFFICIAL TOLD HIM THAT 186 PERSONS WERE DETAINED, BUT
    MOST WERE RETURNED TO THEIR HOME VILLAGES BY MILITARY
    VEHICLE AND RELEASED THE SAME DAY.  HE STRESSED THAT
    NONE OF THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE GROUP WAS
    MISTREATED, BUT ASSERTED THAT A DOZEN MEN WERE BEATEN
    AND TORTURED WITH ELECTRIC SHOCK UPON THEIR RETURN TO
    BUON CUOR KNIA.

    ¶14. (SBU) THE LEADER FROM GIA LAI PROVINCE SAID THAT
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 04        HO CHI  00039  02 OF 03  151451Z
    ETHNIC MINORITY VILLAGERS WHO LIVE IN THE AREA TOLD HIM
    THAT NEAR TO WHERE KON TUM, GIA LAI AND THE CAMBODIAN
    PROVINCES OF RATANAKIRI AND MONDULKIRI MEET, SEVERAL
    PERSONS FROM THE GROUP BEING RETURNED TO KON TUM TRIED
    TO ESCAPE.  SOLDIERS OPENED FIRE AND KILLED FOUR
    PERSONS, ACCORDING TO THESE VILLAGERS.  IN A SEPARATE
    INCIDENT, ACCORDING TO THIS SAME LEADER, SOLDIERS SHOT
    AND MAY HAVE KILLED FOUR OTHER PEOPLE AS THEY TRIED TO
    ESCAPE BY SWIMMING ACROSS THE SRE PAK RIVER IN DAK LAK
    PROVINCE. (THE LEADER FROM DAK LAK PROVINCE DID NOT
    MENTION THESE INCIDENTS BEFORE DEPARTING.)  WHEN ASKED
    SPECIFICALLY IF HE BELIEVED IT WAS GVN POLICY TO KILL
    VILLAGERS ATTEMPTING TO CROSS INTO CAMBODIA, OUR GIA
    LAI SOURCE SAID "NO", BUT HE BELIEVES SOLDIERS ARE TOLD
    TO "STOP PEOPLE FROM CROSSING," AND SOMETIMES "MISTAKES
    ARE MADE."

    ¶15. (SBU) THE LEADER FROM GIA LAI PROVINCE SAID THAT
    TWO OF THE 30 PEOPLE FROM KON TUM PROVINCE ARE STILL
    UNDER DETENTION IN A PRISON IN PLEIKU.  THEIR NAMES ARE
    HOANH AND AMA XUAN.  THREE PERSONS FROM DAK LAK ARE
    STILL BEING DETAINED, BUT HE KNEW THE NAME OF ONLY ONE
    OF THEM - RAHLAM LUA (ALSO KNOWN AS AMA DUY).

    "DEGA PROTESTANTS" VS. MAINSTREAM PROTESTANTS
    ---------------------------------------------

    ¶16. (SBU) BOTH LEADERS SPOKE OPENLY ABOUT THE SPLIT
    BETWEEN MAINSTREAM ETHNIC MINORITY PROTESTANTS IN THE
    CENTRAL HIGHLANDS AND THE "DEGA PROTESTANTS" WHO
    ACTIVELY SUPPORT AN INDEPENDENT ETHNIC MINORITY
    ("DEGA") STATE IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS.  ALL OF THE
    PERSONS WHO ATTEMPTED TO CROSS THE BORDER INTO CAMBODIA
    WERE "DEGA PROTESTANTS," ACCORDING TO THE LEADERS.  THE
    LEADER FROM DAK LAK PROVINCE CHARACTERIZED THE "DEGA
    PROTESTANTS" AS "FALSE CHRISTIANS," WHO IGNORE THE
    ADVICE OF "TRUE" PROTESTANT PASTORS TELLING THEM NOT TO
    GO TO CAMBODIA.

    ¶17. (SBU) WHEN ASKED DIRECTLY ABOUT THE REASONS FOR
    ETHNIC MINORITY VILLAGERS TO CROSS INTO CAMBODIA, THE
    LEADER FROM GIA LAI PROVINCE DIVIDED THE GROUPS INTO
    TWO.  HE SAID HE BELIEVED THE PEOPLE WHO FLED TO
    CAMBODIA IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE FEBRUARY/MARCH 2001
    UNREST WANTED TO ESCAPE GVN PERSECUTION.  BUT, HE
    BELIEVES THOSE WHO HAVE GONE TO CAMBODIA SINCE THE
    SUMMER (INCLUDING THE GROUP WHO ATTEMPTED TO CROSS ON
    CHRISTMAS DAY) WERE MOTIVATED BY PROMISES OF MONEY AND
    THE HOPE OF RESETTLEMENT IN THE U.S. HE ASSERTED THEY
    HAD "HEARD BY TELEPHONE" THAT SUCH OPPORTUNITIES WERE
    AVAILABLE. (NOTE: THIS ETHNIC MINORITY LEADER'S COMMENT
    IS SIMILAR TO WHAT GVN OFFICIALS HAVE BEEN TELLING US.
    END NOTE.)

    ¶18. (SBU) SINCE THIS GIA LAI SOURCE WAS FAMILIAR WITH
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 03        HO CHI  00039  03 OF 03  151451Z
    THE MONTAGNARD FOUNDATION, WE ASKED HOW HE WOULD
    CHARACTERIZE IT.  HE RESPONDED THAT WHILE IT ADVOCATED
    HUMAN RIGHTS, THESE DAYS ITS POLITICAL AGENDA (AN
    INDEPENDENT DEGA STATE) HAD THE UPPER HAND.  WHEN ASKED
    HOW MUCH SUPPORT THERE WAS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS FOR
    AN INDEPENDENT DEGA STATE, THIS SOURCE SAID THAT WHILE
    100 PERCENT OF THE PEOPLE SUPPORTED HUMAN RIGHTS, NOT
    MORE THAN 30 PERCENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES SUPPORTED A
    SEPARATE STATE.  THIS LEADER DESCRIBED THE DEGA
    PROTESTANTS AS USING RELIGION TO FURTHER THEIR
    POLITICAL AGENDA.  WHILE EVERYONE SUPPORTS FREEDOM OF
    RELIGION AND HUMAN RIGHTS, HE SAID, MOST OF THE PEOPLE
    DO NOT SUPPORT USING THESE IDEAS TO WAGE A WAR AGAINST
    THE GOVERNMENT.

    DOES ANYONE HAVE A MONOPOLY ON THE TRUTH?
    -----------------------------------------
    ¶19. (SBU) WE BELIEVE OUR TWO SOURCES ARE RELIABLE AND
    PRESENTED INFORMATION THEY THOUGHT ACCURATE.  HOWEVER,
    WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO CORROBORATE THE SECOND-HAND
    REPORTS OF KILLINGS AT THE BORDER.  WHEN ASKED IF THEY
    WOULD CHARACTERIZE WHAT HAPPENED WITH PROVINCIAL
    CHRISTMAS SERVICES AS "NORMAL" OR "EXCEPTIONAL"
    REPRESSION, THEY SAID THE WIDE RANGE OF OFFICIAL
    ACTIONS WAS "NORMAL."  WHILE NEITHER LEADER SYMPATHIZED
    WITH "DEGA" POLITICAL AIMS, THEY WERE CLEARLY CONCERNED
    ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES.  THEY AGREED THAT PROVINCIAL
    AUTHORITIES WANTED TO PREVENT RELIGIOUS SERVICES FROM
    TAKING A POLITICAL TURN.  BUT AS THEIR ACCOUNTS
    INDICATE, THE CHRISTMAS SITUATION VARIED FROM VILLAGE
    TO VILLAGE IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS REGION.  THESE TWO
                           UNCLASSIFIED

    PAGE 04        HO CHI  00039  03 OF 03  151451Z
    SOURCES DID NOT MAKE ANY OVERALL GENERALIZATIONS, AS
    THEY ACKNOWLEDGED IT IS POSSIBLE FOR PEOPLE OF ONE
    VILLAGE TO BE UNAWARE OF WHAT IS HAPPENING IN ANOTHER
    VILLAGE JUST ONE KILOMETER DOWN THE SAME ROAD.

    YAMAUCHI

                           UNCLASSIFIED

`