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### Viewing cable 04KINSHASA1926, USAID visit to Bukavu, Kalehe and Kindu

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04KINSHASA1926 | 2004-10-16 13:13 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Kinshasa

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 KINSHASA 001926

    SIPDIS

    AIDAC

    STATE FOR AF/C ALLAN EASTHAM, C.PASCHALL
    STATE FOR INR/AA
    STATE FOR PRM TSTOLTZFUS
    AID/W FOR DCHA/OFDA - JBORNS, MMARX, TMCRAE
    AID/W FOR DCHA/FFP - DWELLER, NCARLSON, NCOX
    AID/W FOR DCHA/OTI - GGOTTLIEB, AMARTIN
    AID/W FOR AFR - KO'DONNELL
    NAIROBI FOR USAID/OFDA/ARO - KSMITH
    NAIROBI FOR USAID/FFP - PFESSENDEN, ADEPREZ
    ROME FOR USUN FODAG - TLAVELLE
    GENEVA FOR NKYLOH

    E.O. 12958; NA
    TAGS: EAID PREF PGOV PHUM CG
    SUBJECT:  USAID visit to Bukavu, Kalehe and Kindu

    -------
    Summary
    -------

    ¶1. (U) OFDA Rep Jay Nash and Acting USAID Mission
    Director Nicholas Jenks were in Bukavu on September 7
    and 8, and in Kindu on September 9.  Interlocutors in
    Bukavu told USAID reps that the population was happy
    to be finally out from under RCD/G and Tutsi control
    after six years, but worried that Rwanda and its
    RCD/G proxies would not long tolerate this situation
    and would try to retake the city militarily. There
    are few ethnic Tutsis in Bukavu at present, and
    though many felt that a return of Banyamulenge
    residents who fled during the Bukavu crisis of May-
    June would be possible, disputes over property rights
    could well ensue, the legitimacy of the previous
    Banyamulenge occupation of many houses in town being
    in question.  Sources of insecurity in South Kivu
    continue to be the forces of Laurent Nkunda in the
    Kalehe-Minova area and the various pockets of
    Interahamwe in rural areas of the province.  Among
    the latter group, the numbers of those volunteering
    for MONUC's DDRRR program have dwindled.

    ¶2. The activities of Nkunda's forces have caused the
    displacement of as many as 40,000 people from the
    areas they currently occupy, although reports from
    the field after USAID's visit suggest that
    governmental forces from Bukavu are succeeding in
    pushing Nkunda further north towards Goma. Conditions
    for the IDPs in the sites visited by USAID Reps were
    not good, as not all have received plastic sheeting
    and food, and as the nearest health facilities are
    several hours walk away.  Water and sanitation at the
    sites continue to be problematic, and rape by
    military has been a major problem.  Though
    humanitarian activities outside Bukavu town were shut
    down entirely for several weeks after the crisis of
    late May-early June, most humanitarian agencies have
    restarted or are in the process of doing so now.  The
    Nyabibwe area, still occupied by Nkunda's troops at
    the time of USAID Reps' visit to Kalehe, remains
    inaccessible, however, as do some Interahamwe-
    occupied pockets.  In Maniema Province, security is
    no longer an issue and the main constraint on
    humanitarian access is now entirely logistical. An
    estimated 80% of former IDPs of the province, along
    with many former Mai-Mai, have returned already to
    their original villages.  END SUMMARY.

    ¶3. (U) OFDA Rep Jay Nash and Acting USAID Mission
    Director Nicholas Jenks were in Bukavu on September 7
    and 8, and in Kindu on September 9.  The Bukavu
    segment of the trip included a single day road/boat
    excursion to the northern sections of Kalehe
    Peninsula where approximately 10,000 IDPS from the
    Nyabibwe area have taken refuge from killings and
    harassment by forces loyal to ex-RCD/G commander
    Laurent Nkunda.

    --------------------
    Atmosphere in Bukavu
    --------------------

    ¶4. (U) USAID Reps' local interlocutors in Bukavu
    described the population of the city as being
    simultaneously "very happy" and "worried about the
    future."  The happiness comes from the fact that the
    population feels that as a result of the departure of
    the forces of ex-RCD/G commanders Jules Mutebutsi and
    Laurent Nkunda in June, they have now finally been
    largely liberated from the Tutsi politico-military
    domination that they have been experiencing since
    Banyamulenge forces entered the town in 1996 during
    the "first" war (which ousted Mobutu and installed
    Laurent Kabila).  Though there remains an RCD/G
    appointed Tutsi Vice-Governor, real control of the
    city for the moment seems to be in the hands of the
    Kinshasa-appointed governor and regional military
    commander-an impression reinforced by the presence in
    town of many new troops sent from other parts of the
    country, particularly Equateur (ex-MLC).

    ¶5. (U) Bukavuans' anxiety about the future is due to
    uncertainty that the present situation can last.  It
    is clear in the speech of virtually everyone in the
    town that they do not consider the war to be by any
    means yet over.  Specifically, they doubt that Rwanda
    will let Bukavu remain largely "independent" of its
    control, and thus expect another Nkunda-like crisis
    at some point in the near future.  In particular they
    are worried that the international community will
    pressure the transitional government in Kinshasa to
    bow to Vice President Ruberwa's demand that 10th
    Regional Commander Mbuza Mabe be replaced.  General
    Mabe is viewed by the population of Bukavu as the
    savior and protector of the city and is thus very
    much a popular local hero.  The population is afraid
    that if he is replaced, the city will again fall into
    RCD/G and Rwanda domination, probably by military
    take over.

    ¶6. (U) USAID Reps inquired as to whether there were
    any ethnic Tutsi remaining in Bukavu, now that many
    Banyamulenge had fled to Rwanda during the May crisis
    in Bukavu.  Interlocutors reported that there are a
    handful of government-loyal Banyamulenge soldiers
    from General Masunzu's command in town, and that they
    move around town freely experiencing no problems from
    the local population.  There are also some ex-RCD/G
    Tutsi soldiers (of unknown origin) that arrived in
    town recently from Goma as bodyguards for the Tutsi
    Vice-Governor.

    ¶7. (U) Though USAID Reps' interlocutors felt that it
    would now be "safe" for Banyamulenge civilians who
    had fled in May to return to the city, they noted
    that some of their residences had been now occupied
    by others.  As many Banyamulenge illegally occupied
    houses belonging to others when they first came to
    town in 1996 and 1997, it is now unclear, in many
    cases, as to whom property really belongs.  This
    might thus easily prove an obstacle to a full-scale
    return of Banyamulenge refugees and prove a
    troublesome issue in the future.

    --------------------
    Insecurity and DDRRR
    --------------------

    ¶8. (U) There are mainly two sources of insecurity in
    South Kivu at the present time:  the yet-intact
    forces of Laurent Nkunda in the area between Kalehe
    and Goma along the western shore of Lake Kivu, and
    the pockets of Interahamwe in various rural areas
    around the province.  The former group has caused the
    displacement of up to 40,000 civilians since May of
    this year.  As yet unconfirmed reports from the field
    subsequent to USAID Reps' visit to the Kalehe area
    suggest that General Mbuza Mabe's government troops
    from Bukavu may now be attempting to push Nkunda's
    forces north past Minova and have had some early
    successes.  As for the latter group, Interahamwe
    pillaging, rape and other violence recently caused
    the displacement of 3000 civilians in the Walungu
    area, and continues to be a problem in Mwenga
    territory.

    ¶9. (U) MONUC DDRRR specialists in Bukavu told USAID
    Reps that voluntary repatriation of Interahamwe and
    ex-FAR always tapers off whenever there is fighting
    between various factions for control of the city or
    of other key towns in the region.  The months
    following the Bukavu crisis of late May and early
    June have been no exception, with repatriation
    volunteers having dwindled to a trickle.  It is
    believed that during periods when the region is
    stable and appearing to make progress toward
    returning to some normalcy, the Interahamwe are less
    tolerated by local Mai-Mai groups, and experience
    greater isolation.  During periods of acute turmoil
    and anxiety, however, when local populations are
    worried that the province may again be overrun by
    forces loyal to Rwanda, Interahamwe elements enjoy
    greater freedom of moment and less pressure.

    ¶10. (U) The MONUC DDRRR team also told USAID Reps
    that former 10th Military Region Commander Nabiolwa
    was much more a pro-active collaborator in DDRRR
    efforts than current commander Mbuza Mabe.  They
    attribute Mabe's cooler attitude to an acute
    awareness among FARDC officers since the May-June
    Bukavu crisis that they will not be able to count on
    the MONUC's support should they again have to fight
    renegade insurgents opposing the authority of the
    transitional government in the Bukavu-Goma area.

    --------------
    IDPs in Kalehe
    --------------

    ¶11. (U) USAID Reps accompanied International Rescue
    Committee (IRC) staff to the Chabula and Chigera IDP
    sites on the peninsula extending into Lake Kivu north
    of Kalehe town on September 8.  The sites were
    hosting 1008 and 326 IDP families respectively.  The
    great majority of the IDPs at these locations had
    fled the Nyabibwe area in the hills across the
    channel separating the peninsula from the mainland on
    May 27 when Laurent Nkunda's forces marched through
    their area on the way to Bukavu.  It is at least the
    third time that these same populations have fled
    their home villages in the same manner for the same
    destinations, people having fled first in 1998 when
    the RCD rebellion began, then later fled again in
    2002 in response to Interahamwe raids.

    ¶12. (U) When asked why they did not return home now,
    the IDPs replied that it was clear that the war was
    not yet over.   They had heard from newly arriving
    IDPs - described as those who had originally
    attempted to "stick it out" in the home villages -
    many stories of continuing pillaging, rape and murder
    by Nkunda's soldiers.  As recently as five days
    earlier, the IDPs reported hearing sustained heavy
    gunfire - presumably a skirmish between Nkunda's
    forces and Mbuza Mabe's Bukavu-based FARDC soldiers -
    coming from the hills across the bay where they used
    to live.  When asked who made up Nkunda's army, the
    IDPs replied that these were almost entirely
    Rwandaphones, with the rank-and-file being largely
    Hutu and the leadership mostly Tutsi.

    ¶13. (U) Living conditions for the IDPs are not good.
    Though some have received plastic sheeting and non-
    food item kits from UNICEF, as well as a single
    ration of food from WFP, others have not yet been
    served, and there are still no mechanisms in place to
    assist newcomers.  Water and sanitation are
    problematic, since the IDPs had no alternative but to
    settle on steep slopes immediately adjacent to the
    lake where there is no water supply.  The
    International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has
    constructed a handful of latrines and is building
    additional ones, but the proximity of the latrines to
    the lake, necessitated by the steep inclines,
    represents a health hazard.  To provide safe water to
    the IDPs, IRC pumps water from the lake into bladders
    then treats it with chlorine prior to distribution
    through spigots.  IRC plans to increase its
    intervention in the water sector and to begin
    providing health services as well.  At the present
    time, the nearest health facility is several hours
    walk away over mountainous terrain.

    ¶14. (U) Although the IDPs have been living in these
    conditions for over three months with only one food
    distribution, they did not appear to be starving.  It
    is clear that they are still depending on food
    supplies coming across the bay from their former
    villages.  Sending representatives back to the
    villages, however, remains highly dangerous, as these
    risk encountering Nkunda's soldiers and having
    everything taken from them as well as physically
    harmed.  Many women who have attempted this have been
    raped.
    ¶15. (U) Rape continues to be a huge problem.  At the
    reference hospital serving the area, USAID Reps
    learned that 20 new cases had come for consultations
    and treatment in the previous week alone.  Hospital
    authorities reported that there were over 100 cases
    documented since May (when Nkunda's forces first came
    through the territory), which, considering that the
    total for all the preceding years of the war was 400,
    represented a huge increase.

    ------------------------------------------
    Humanitarian access South Kivu and Maniema
    ------------------------------------------

    ¶16. (U) Humanitarian activities outside Bukavu town
    itself were shut down entirely for several weeks
    after the Bukavu crisis of late May-early June when
    expatriate humanitarian staff evacuated the city and
    MONUC recommended that local staff no longer travel
    outside city limits.  By mid-July, expatriate staff
    had largely returned, and as of the end of August,
    most agencies had started sending teams to the field.
    OFDA partner International Medical Corps (IMC), which
    runs a health and nutrition program in Bunyakiri
    territory, plans to reopen their support to health
    centers in that area next week. Goal, another OFDA
    partner who, before the events of May-June, was
    running a similar program in Lulingu to the northwest
    of Bukavu but had evacuated the area as a precaution,
    also plans to be fully operational once again in a
    few weeks time.  Humanitarians from Bukavu continue,
    however, to have no access at all to areas north of
    Kalehe in the Nkunda-dominated part of the province.

    ¶17. (U) In Maniema Province, the constraint on
    humanitarian access is new entirely logistical,
    according to staff of Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
    and OCHA with whom USAID reps spoke in Kindu.  None
    of those questioned could think of any areas in the
    province where humanitarian agencies would fear to go
    for security reasons.  Unfortunately, however, given
    the extremely poor condition of all roads in the
    region, the improved security situation does not
    immediately translate into increased access.  Many
    areas remain accessible only by motorcycle, and some
    only on foot.

    ¶18. (U) It is believed that at least 80% of former
    IDPs in the region have returned to their villages.
    The few who have remained in the forest are believed
    to do so either because they have absolutely nothing
    to go back to in their home villages or because they
    still have crops to harvest in the area where they
    have been living for the past few years.  Most Mai-
    Mai who came to Kindu in the latter part of 2003 and
    first half of 2004 are believed now to have returned
    to their villages, having tired of waiting for
    integration into the FARDC.  The humanitarians report
    them appearing to no longer be a consolidated force
    in Kindu town itself. MEECE.

`