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### Viewing cable 03COLOMBO342, Sri Lanka/Maldives: 2003 annual Trafficking

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03COLOMBO342 | 2003-02-28 05:45 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Colombo

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 COLOMBO 000342

    SIPDIS

    SENSITIVE

    DEPARTMENT FOR SA/INS, G/TIP, G. INL, DRL, PRM, IWI
    DEPARTMENT ALSO FOR/PASS TO USAID

    E.O. 12958:  N/A
    TAGS: PHUM KCRM KWMN SMIG KFRD ASEC PREF ELAB CE MV
    SUBJECT:  Sri Lanka/Maldives:  2003 annual Trafficking
    in Persons (TIP) report

    Ref:  (A) State 22225

    -     (B) 02 Colombo 380

    (U) This message is sensitive but unclassified -- please
    handle accordingly.

    ¶1.  (U) Mission point of contact on trafficking in
    persons issues until May 1 is poloff Carl-Heinz J.
    Wemhoener-Cuite, Andrea Tomaszewicz will replace him at
    that time, both can be reached at 94-1-448-007 x-2425
    and fax 94-1-471-092.

    ¶2.  (U) Mission's submission for the 2002 Trafficking in
    Persons Report for Sri Lanka and the Maldives follows.
    Responses are keyed to the questions in Ref A.

    ---------
    Sri Lanka
    ---------

    ¶3.  (SBU) Overview of Sri Lanka's activities to eliminate
    trafficking in persons (Para 16).

    A -- Sri Lanka might be a country of origin and
    destination for a small number of internationally
    trafficked women.  Some trafficking occurs in territory
    the government controls and some in areas the government
    does not control.  There are no reliable estimates as to
    the magnitude of the problem.  The sources of
    information on trafficking in and from Sri Lanka are the
    National Child Protection Authority (NCPA), local and
    international NGOs, and the press.  The NCPA is reliable
    but can provide only limited information and then
    specifically on child related statistics.  In the area
    controlled by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
    (LTTE) children are at risk of being forcibly recruited
    into the LTTE.

    B -- Anecdotal evidence indicates Thai, Chinese, and
    Russian women may be trafficked into Sri Lanka for
    purposes of prostitution.  Children are trafficked
    internally.

    C -- There has been little evidence of change of
    trafficking over the past year.  There have been
    intermittent reports of police and NCPA investigations
    into events possibly connected to the trafficking of
    children for sexual exploitation.

    D -- No reliable surveys on trafficking in Sri Lanka are
    currently available, although the NCPA continues to
    conduct surveys on trafficking in children issues.

    E -- A small number of women may be trafficked into Sri
    Lanka for purposes of prostitution, but little
    information is available as to how the women come to Sri
    Lanka, whether they remain in the country of their own
    free will, or the conditions in which they live.

    F -- Women are on occasion hired to work in the Middle
    East under false pretenses.  Women are offered financial
    incentives to work as domestic servants in the Middle
    East, upon arrival they are sometimes used for other
    purposes.  The employees travel legally to the places of
    employment.  The reports on this activity is anecdotal
    and of limited numbers.

    G -- There is political will at the highest levels of
    government to combat trafficking in persons.  The
    Government of Sri Lanka has established a Police Women's
    and Children's Bureau, the National Child Protection
    Authority (NCPA), and attached a police unit directly to
    the NCPA in 2002, to combat trafficking.  The Ministry
    of Foreign Affairs also assigns Welfare Officers to
    countries where Sri Lankan women are reportedly
    trafficked.  Despite the difficulties of the ongoing
    peace process and having a limited budget the GSL has
    made some efforts to combat trafficking through
    prevention, prosecution, and some protection.
    H -- During the last year there have been unconfirmed
    reports that personnel in the Sri Lankan Bureau of
    Foreign Employment have accepted bribes.  There have
    been no reports of arrests or prosecutions in relation
    to these allegations.

    I -- Currently the greatest limitation upon the
    government in trying to combat trafficking are efforts
    to maintain an ongoing ceasefire and control a depressed
    economy.  Funding and resources are currently directed
    towards those concerns.

    ¶4.  (SBU) Prevention (Para. 17):

    A -- The government of Sri Lanka acknowledges that
    trafficking is a problem in the country.

    B -- Immigration, MFA, Police, Bureau of Foreign
    Employment, and the National Child Protection Authority.

    C -- A number of NGOs, sometimes in cooperation with the
    government, have focused on protection of victims and
    have conducted some education programs geared towards
    parents in an attempt to try to prevent trafficking of
    children for sexual exploitation.  Some have also tried
    educational campaigns geared towards keeping mothers
    from working in the Middle East, where they work without
    most civil protections, and are away from their family
    for extended periods.  As yet the campaigns have had
    limited impact.

    D -- The government does not perceive trafficking as a
    major problem in Sri Lanka and thus has not actively
    supported many programs to combat trafficking.

    E -- Yes, the government is able to support prevention
    programs, but due to budgetary constraints its
    capabilities are of a limited nature.

    F -- The NCPA's work with international NGOs on
    trafficking in persons issues is currently the primary
    interaction between the government and civil society.
    The government's history of cooperation with NGOs and
    acknowledgement of the problem, however, suggests a
    willingness to work with civil society on the issue.

    G -- Sri Lanka tries to adequately monitor its borders
    to control immigration and emigration, but is not able
    to do so in areas controlled by the LTTE.  Evidence of
    trafficking is limited and the government does not think
    there is a large-scale problem.  The law enforcement
    agencies focusing on the issue respond when evidence is
    provided.

    H -- There is a mechanism for coordination and
    communication among agencies, but the government does
    not have an anti-trafficking task force.  The government
    has an anti-corruption task force.

    I -- The government of Sri Lanka is not part of any
    international working group on trafficking in persons.

    J -- The government does not have a national plan of
    action to address trafficking in persons.

    K -- The government has not specifically delegated the
    responsibility to develop an anti-trafficking program to
    any government organization.  In regards to children,
    the NCPA has interpreted its mandate to include
    developing such a program.  The NCPA, in conjunction
    with the International Labor Organization (ILO), has
    developed an action plan to counteract trafficking in
    persons.  Although investigations and arrests have
    increased during the last year, budgetary constraints
    and limited police forces committed to the issue has
    meant that the program has met with only limited
    success.

    ¶5.  (SBU) Investigation and prosecution of traffickers
    (Para. 18):

    A -- The Penal Code Act No. 22 of 1995 specifically
    criminalizes trafficking in persons.

    B -- Penalties range from 2 to 20 years imprisonment
    plus a penalty of approximately USD 16 to 160.

    C -- Penalties range from 7 to 20 years imprisonment
    plus monetary compensation to the victim, of which the
    amount is determined by the judge.

    D -- The government has not prosecuted any cases against
    traffickers during the past year.  (Note:  The
    government has prosecuted pedophilia cases, which may
    have been linked to trafficking in children cases,
    during the year.)

    E -- Anecdotal evidence suggests individuals acting on
    their own volition, but no reliable information on the
    issue exists.

    F -- The government investigates cases of trafficking,
    but has limited resources to do so.

    G -- Limited specialized training is given to members of
    the Police Women's and Children's Bureau, and the NCPA,
    but the training does not specifically address the
    concept of trafficking.

    H -- To date the GSL has not cooperated with other
    governments in the investigation or prosecution of
    traffickers.  Mission is not aware of the GSL being
    approached to take part in any such investigation.
    (Note:  Harendra de Silva of the NCPA stated that a
    small number are taken abroad every year on the pretext
    of improved education, but that a number of such cases
    may be for sexual exploitation.  In regards to such
    issues, he added that one Swiss man was recently
    prosecuted for sexual exploitation of a child in
    Switzerland.  He was reportedly a regular visitor to
    Sri Lanka.)

    I -- The government has not extradited anyone charged
    with trafficking to other countries, but is likely to do
    so if asked.

    J -- There is no credible evidence of government
    involvement in or tolerance of trafficking of persons.
    There are unsubstantiated reports of immigration
    officers accepting bribes.

    K -- Government officials are not believed to be
    involved in trafficking of persons.

    L -- The GSL ratified ILO Convention 105 in
    January 2003.
      -- The GSL ratified ILO Convention 182 in
    February 2000.
      -- The GSL ratified ILO Convention 29 in 1950
      -- The GSL has signed the Sale of Children Protocol.
      -- The GSL has signed the Protocol to Prevent,
    Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons.

    ¶6.  (SBU) Protection and assistance to victims
    (Para. 19):

    A -- Victims of internal trafficking are temporarily
    sheltered in rehabilitation camps which includes some
    medical and psychological services.

    B -- No, the government does not provide funding to NGOs
    for services to victims.  The government has some
    programs in place, but is focusing its funds on other
    issues.

    C -- Women suspected of being trafficked into Sri Lanka
    for the purpose of prostitution are sometimes arrested,
    and released upon paying a fine.  There are no reports
    of mistreatment during the short time they are
    incarcerated.  Children are treated as victims and care
    is provided to them.

    D -- The GSL does not encourage victims to assist in the
    prosecution or investigation into traffickers.  Victims
    may seek monetary damages by submitting a Fundamental
    Rights case.  There are no impediments in filing such
    cases and limited support through some NGOs is provided.

    E -- The government generally does not provide any
    protection to witnesses.  On rare occasions the accused
    have been denied bail because of credible threats
    against the victim.

    F -- Limited specialized training is given to members of
    the Police Women's and Children's Bureau, and the NCPA,
    but the training does not specifically address the
    concept of trafficking.  Welfare Officers are assigned
    to countries in the Middle East to focus on the rights
    of women that may have been trafficked there.

    G -- No assistance is given to repatriated victims of
    trafficking by the government.

    H -- Don Bosco, Salvation Army, ILO, American Solidarity
    Center, and a number of community based organizations
    work with trafficking victims.  Most NGOs focusing on
    trafficking in persons issues have limited to no contact
    with the government.  The GSL has cooperated with the
    NGOs that have contacted them.

    H (continued) -- The government of Sri Lanka has
    acknowledged the problem of trafficking in persons,
    however, it does not believe it is a major problem in
    Sri Lanka.  Anecdotal evidence points to limited
    internal trafficking of children for sexual
    exploitation, and even fewer for labor.  The government
    is addressing the internal trafficking of children
    through the police and NCPA.  Only a very small percent
    of the women working in the Middle East complain of
    mistreatment while working overseas.  The Bureau of
    Foreign Employment and Welfare Officers with the MFA are
    focusing on their complaints.  Anecdotal evidence points
    to perhaps one to two hundred women being trafficked
    into Sri Lanka.  The government as a whole is focused on
    the ongoing peace process, and has not focused on
    trafficking in persons.

    --------
    Maldives
    --------

    ¶7.  (SBU) Overview of Maldivian activities to eliminate
    trafficking in persons (Para 16).

    A -- The Maldives is not a country of origin, transit,
    or destination for internationally trafficked men,
    women, or children.  The source for this information is
    the Maldivian Ministry for Women's Affairs and Social
    Welfare, UNDP, UNICEF, other NGOs, and the press.
    Mission believes these sources are reliable.  Mission's
    visits to the Maldives confirms what these organizations
    have reported.

    B-I -- Trafficking in persons is not an issue in the
    Maldives.

    ¶8.  (SBU) Prevention (para 17):

    A -- The government of the Republic of the Maldives does
    not acknowledge that trafficking is a problem in the
    country.  There is no evidence to indicate that
    trafficking in persons is a problem in the Maldives.

    B -- No Maldivian government agency is tasked with anti-
    trafficking efforts.  If the issue were to arise in the
    Maldives, the Ministry for Women's Affairs and Social
    Welfare would be the agency most likely to focus on the
    issue.

    C -- There have been no anti-trafficking information or
    education campaigns.

    D -- The government has long-standing programs to teach
    Maldivians, particularly women, of their rights.  The
    GORM has conducted political and legal literacy programs
    and held workshops on gender equality.

    E -- If trafficking were a problem in the Maldives the
    government would likely be able to support prevention
    programs.

    F -- The government works closely with civil society and
    international NGOs on other issues and if trafficking in
    persons were to become an issue the government could be
    expected to work closely with the appropriate NGOs on
    that issue.

    G -- The Maldives is a nation of approximately 1,200
    sparsely populated islands and limited resources.
    Despite this, the GORM adequately monitors it borders,
    although unauthorized entry and exit of people almost
    certainly occurs.

    H -- The GORM does not have a multi-agency working group
    or task force focusing on trafficking in persons; the
    issue has not come up in the Maldives.  The government
    does have an Anti-Corruption Board to review accusations
    of public corruption.

    I -- The government does not participate in any
    multinational or international working groups or efforts
    to prevent, monitor, or control trafficking in persons.

    J -- The government does not have a national plan of
    action to address trafficking in persons; it is not an
    issue in the Maldives.

    K -- There is no person or entity responsible for
    developing anti-trafficking programs within the
    government; it is not an issue in the Maldives.

    ¶9.  (SBU) Investigation and prosecution of traffickers
    (para. 18):

    A -- There are no laws specifically prohibiting
    trafficking.  The Attorney General's office argues that
    the issue can be addressed through Shari'a, Islamic law.

    B -- No penalties have been established.

    C -- No comparisons can be made as no penalties have
    been established for trafficking in persons.

    D -- The government has not prosecuted any cases against
    traffickers.  There have been no reported cases of
    trafficking in persons in the Maldives.

    E -- There were no reports of traffickers in the
    Maldives during the last year.

    F -- There were no reports of traffickers in the
    Maldives during the last year.

    G -- The government does not provide any specialized
    training for government officials on trafficking in
    persons.

    H -- Mission is not aware of the Maldivian government
    being asked to assist in any trafficking in persons
    cases.
    I -- Mission is not aware of any extradition cases
    arising during the year.

    J -- There is no evidence of government involvement or
    tolerance of trafficking in persons.
    K -- There is no evidence of government personnel being
    involved in trafficking of persons.

    L -- Mission has no information of the Maldives signing
    the ILO Convention 182, Sale of Children Protocol, or
    the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking
    in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplemental.

    ¶10.  (SBU) Protection and assistance to victims (para.
    19):

    A -- The issue of assistance for victims of trafficking
    in persons did not arise in the Maldives during the
    year.

    B-G -- Because there are no reports of any victims of
    trafficking in the Maldives, the issues pertaining to
    victims were not addressed by the government.

    H -- Mission is not aware of any NGOs working on
    trafficking in person issues in the Maldives.

    WILLS

`