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### Viewing cable 01ABUJA2445, NIGERIA: PRIORITIES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
01ABUJA2445 | 2001-09-25 15:07 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Abuja

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 ABUJA 002445

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: SENV EAID NI
    SUBJECT: NIGERIA: PRIORITIES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

    REF: STATE 140035

    ¶1.  In response to Reftel information request, the USG does
    not currently have an environmental program in Nigeria,
    although USD 2 million has now been identified for an
    environmental program.  USAID/Nigeria ha prepared a scope of
    work for an overall assessment of the environment in Nigeria.
     The assessment team, comprised of USAID/Global officers and
    private consultants, will likely be on the ground in November
    2001 with the report completed by February 2002.  The Mission
    believes that this assessment will identify many
    opportunities for U.S. assistance to Nigeria in confronting
    environmental problems.  Per reftel,s requests, the
    Mission,s preliminary thoughts on priority areas for
    environmental assistance are described here.

    ¶2. Other international donors active in the environment in
    Nigeria include the European Union, World Bank, UNDP, NORAD
    and DFID.  There are also numerous local Non-Government
    Organizations predominantly active in oil pollution
    mitigation in the Niger Delta.

    ----------------------
    Oil Pollution
    ----------------------

    ¶3. Nigeria derives 90 percent of its foreign exchange
    earnings and 80 percent of government revenues from oil
    exports.  The dominance of oil production in the economy has
    lessened the focus on environmental degradation resulting
    from oil sector activities.  But this degradation is great.
    Oil spills occur almost weekly in the Delta, caused primarily
    by smugglers and local communities who break into the
    pipeline network to steal oil.  Moreover, the dredging of
    canals to transport oil on barges to the Atlantic has
    expanded the reach of oil spills, widening their area of
    effect.  These canals have also allowed salt water from the
    Atlantic to encroach inland, destroying freshwater animal and
    plant life.  The impact of oil sector activities on coastal
    areas is severe.

    ¶4. The GON allocated N1.7 billion (roughly USD 14 million) in
    both recurrent and capital expenditures to the Federal
    Ministry of Environment in FY2001.  This allocation
    represents only .2 percent of the total federal budget of
    N894 billion (roughly USD 7.5 billion).  However, it appears
    that the GON is increasing its focus on environmental
    degradation, particularly in the area of oil pollution.  The
    National Assembly, with support from the Federal Ministries
    of Environment, Health, and Transport, held an Oil Pollution
    Management Conference in August to raise the awareness of
    environmental problems in the Niger Delta and to harmonize
    the nation,s laws and regulations on oil pollution and its
    mitigation.

    ¶5. The USG is also sponsoring several ad hoc activities
    targeting specific energy/oil sector environmental problems.
    First, USG agencies have identified USD 500,000 to be
    targeted for pipeline safety and security.  Other activities
    planned on an ad hoc basis include a Workshop on Removing
    Lead from Gasoline for sometime this fall and an Oil Spill
    Contingency Planning Workshop sponsored by the DOE/USAID in
    January 2002.

    ¶6.  Another important oil-related issue is gas flaring, which
    has contributed to acid rain and has had tremendous negative
    impacts on agriculture and health in the Niger Delta.  The
    Canadian mission in Nigeria is providing assistance to the
    GON that helped lead the government to the decision to
    eradicate gas flaring by 2008.  Three Liquified Natural Gas
    (LNG) projects have been initiated in the South to utilize
    flared gas as well as the West Africa Gas Pipeline (WAGP)
    project.

    -----------------
    Renewable Energy
    -----------------

    ¶7. Solar and hydroelectric power are two potential renewable
    energy sources in Nigeria.  Currently, renewable energies are
    primarily used for water pumps and irrigation, but their uses
    could be even more widespread.  Some of the existing hydro
    facilities are currently undergoing repair, and there are a
    number of additional sites and existing dams that have been
    surveyed as possible future hydro-electric power projects,
    but there are no immediate plans for development.  Through
    the Department of Energy and USAID, the U.S. Mission in
    Nigeria has a resident energy advisor and a renewable energy
    program.  This program aims to identify and remove existing
    obstacles to creating a commercially viable renewable energy
    industry in Nigeria.  Two workshops on renewable energy are
    taking place in 2001 (one occurred in March and the other in
    October), and a pilot solar power project will be initiated
    in Jigawa State.  The focus of the November workshop will be
    to draft a strategy for developing a commercially viable
    renewable energy industry in Nigeria.  There are currently 37
    companies selling solar PV equipment in Nigeria, but there
    are at present no fabricators or manufacturers of solar
    equipment in the country.  The workshop will identify
    barriers to the commercialization of renewable energy, such
    as the high tariffs on PV panels and other renewable energy
    components and subsidized fuel and energy prices.

    ----------------------------------
    Climate Change and Desertification
    ----------------------------------

    ¶8. While not fully quantified, desertification is one of the
    most pressing environmental problems in Nigeria.  It is
    estimated that the country is losing approximately 351,000
    hectares of landmass to desert conditions annually.
    Population pressure, compounded by the influx of migrants
    from neighboring countries, and the grazing of live stock and
    razing of all available wood is increasing the rate of land
    loss.  Few alternative energy supplies are available and no
    programs exist to provide these marginal populations with
    power or gas for cooking.  Nigeria does have a few
    federally-funded research centers that have developed energy
    efficient cook stoves and solar powered ovens, but these new
    technologies have not been distributed or effectively
    marketed in the North.  Desertification in the north is also
    aggravated by forest depletion in the middle and southern
    regions of the country.  A long tradition of paper-making and
    furniture building in these areas has led to a serious
    depletion of forested areas.  Nigeria is one of 50
    participating countries within the UNFCC identifying sources
    of greenhouse gasses and encouraging transfers of clean
    technologies to developing countries.  A three day National
    Workshop on the Clean Development Mechanism was held in Abuja
    during the week of September 10-14.

    --------------------------------
    Urban Areas and Waste Management
    --------------------------------

    ¶9. Urban growth in Lagos is expected to lead to an
    environmental disaster within the next 5-10 years.
    Exponential population growth and the fact that much of
    Lagos, located on islands, is sinking into the Atlantic
    because of erosion and rising waters will need to be
    addressed.

    ¶10. Nigeria has substantial environmental pollution problems
    resulting from industrial effluents, agricultural chemicals
    and domestic sewage and waste.  In addition to untreated
    sewage pollution, pollution from textile factories and
    tanneries is commonly dumped in nearby rivers.  Lagos is the
    only city in Nigeria that maintains a sewage treatment
    facility, but even that is inadequate to keep up with the
    growing population.  The Federal Ministry of Environment has
    commissioned assessments to be undertaken in 12 urban areas
    (Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Kano, Kaduna, Ibadan,
    Maiduguri, Yola, Abeokute, Onitsha, Jos and Uyo Ilorin) to
    design and assess the feasibility of community-based waste
    management systems.  A pilot project for Community Waste
    Minimization through source reduction, reuse, and recycling
    has been initiated in a village suburb of Abuja.  Also, the
    U.S. Trade and Development Agency recently signed a grant
    agreement with the Imo-Abia Waste Management Commission to
    conduct a feasibility study on a regional waste management
    system.

    ------------------------------------
    Biodiversity and Wildlife Management
    ------------------------------------

    ¶11. The continued loss of Nigeria's tropical forests and the
    continued popularity and economic necessity of "bushmeat" as
    a staple in people's diets have taken their toll on the
    country's biodiversity resources.  In 1992, forests accounted
    for only 9.61 percent of the total land area.  Nigeria has a
    diverse collection of flora and fauna, including 274 species
    of mammals, 830 species of birds and 5,081 plant species.
    Out of the animal species, .14 percent are threatened and .22
    percent are endangered.  Of the mammals, two primates are
    endangered: the white-throated guenon and Sclater's guenon.
    Anti-poaching laws exist, but there is little enforcement.

    ¶11. The World Wildlife Fund,s effort in South Africa to
    redirect efforts from killing wildlife and game towards
    benefiting from tourism generated by wildlife parks and
    recreation has been very successful and could perhaps be
    repeated in Nigeria.  The Savannah Conservation group, part
    of the Ford Foundation, is working to encourage residents
    surrounding the Yankari Game Park Reserve to not intrude on
    the park to poach game.  The group is also implementing a
    loan program to assist these communities.
    Andrews

`