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### Viewing cable 01ABUJA1687, NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICERS

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
01ABUJA1687 | 2001-07-17 12:26 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Abuja

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 ABUJA 001687

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR AF/PD, AF/W, IIP/G/AF, IIP/T/DHR
    OSD FOR ASD/PA AND AMERICAN FORCES INFORMATION SERVICE
    (BERNATH)
    COMMANDS FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: KPAO OIIP OPRC MARR NI
    SUBJECT: NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICERS
    AND DEFENSE JOURNALISTS HAIL U.S. TRAINING AT WORKSHOP

    ¶1.  Summary.  The Military Public Affairs Workshop organized
    by the Public Affairs Section of the Embassy for the public
    relations officers of the Nigerian armed forces and for
    defense journalists succeeded beyond all expectations.
    Director of the American Forces Information Service Cliff
    Bernath and USAF LtCol Patrick Barnes of EUCOM Public Affairs
    provided five days of training on the full range of public
    affairs activities and issues that relate to defense and the
    U.S. armed forces.  Members of two distrustful Nigerian
    professional communities ) the military and journalists --
    worked together during class exercises, and each topic on the
    schedule allowed for full exchanges that helped
    constructively communicate their different points of view.
    There were two concrete results of the sessions.  The
    Nigerian PR officers and the journalists, with Bernath as
    facilitator, hammered out framework guidelines for their
    professional relationships.  The workshop's final session
    addressed public affairs planning for Operation Focus Relief
    Phase III, with the participants brainstorming through
    audiences, events, and messages.  The workshop gained the
    Embassy dozens of new contacts in the two professional
    groups, and the relationships and rapport developed during
    the workshop should smooth public affairs planning and
    execution for OFR Phase III, now set to begin in September.
    The public relations officers and the journalists gave this
    first professional training extravagant praise, and they
    ardently requested continued U.S. help to enhance and
    professionalize their role in Nigeria's new civil-military
    relations.  This is a GPRA report.  End Summary.

    ¶2.  Key topics in this cable (see paragraphs below):

    Workshop objectives, 3-4
    Minister of Defense's Remarks, 5-10
    Ambassador Jeter's Remarks, 11-12
    Workshop sessions, 13
    Media-Military Distrust, 14-15
    Proposed Military-Media Guidelines, 16
    Operation Focus Relief Phase III, 17-19
    "Messages" for OFR-III, 20
    Government Performance Results Act, 21

    ¶3.  "Effective Military Public Affairs in a Democracy" was
    the theme of a workshop organized in Abuja by the Public
    Affairs Section of the American Embassy.  Working with the
    Director of Defense Information in Defense Headquarters,
    Colonel G. A. Adewale, the Nigerian attendees included the
    Director and his principal assistants, the senior (civilian)
    information officer on the Minister of Defence's personal
    staff, the public relations chiefs of each of the three
    services, and officers and senior NCO's from a number of
    service commands.  At the request of the DDI, the defense
    journalists accredited to the Ministry of Defense were
    invited as participants, along with public affairs
    representatives of the "paramilitary" forces ) the police
    and the customs service.

    ¶4.  The Office of International Information Affairs lined up
    two extraordinarily qualified resource persons for the
    workshop ) Director of the American Forces Information
    Service (and former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of
    Defense for Public Affairs) Cliff Bernath, and USAF
    Lieutenant Colonel Patrick Barnes from the EUCOM public
    affairs office.

    ¶5.  The workshop was formally opened by Minister of Defence
    T.Y.Danjuma and by Ambassador Jeter.  Also present was Vice
    Admiral Ibrahim Ogohi, Chief of Defense Staff.

    ¶6.  The theme of the Minister's remarks was the necessity for
    transparency, openness and accountability.  "Public officials
    are stewards who are accountable to the people," he said.
    "The public has a right to know what government and public
    officials are doing, because whatever they are doing is
    supposed to be for the people.  They have a right to ask
    questions because they are stakeholders in the affairs of the
    nation."

    ¶7.  "The military is a unique national institution with its
    own peculiar norms and practices," the Minister continued.
    Because it is "preoccupied with the security of the nation,"
    it tends to be secretive.  This results in "mistrust and
    misunderstanding in civil-military relations."  Also, "the
    misadventure of the military getting involved in politics and
    governance has done serious damage to the image and
    credibility of the armed forces."  Now "we must make
    conscious and sustained efforts to communicate openly with
    the public."

    ¶8.  The Minister told the participants that public relations
    professionals in the Ministry of Defense and the services
    must be "professional in dealing with our public," and must
    create "channels for the exchange of ideas and information."

    ¶9.  In closing, the Minister reflected that "over the years I
    have come to appreciate the role and orientation of the press
    in civil-military relations.  The news media would always
    report an event whether it gets the information from official
    sources or not.  The military wants to defend the nation, but
    the media wants to watch and report the defenders so as to
    make them accountable.  There is often conflict in these
    roles.  We can avoid unnecessary tension and conflicts by
    appreciating the complimentary nature of these roles."  He
    concluded by urging "the military and the media to be
    steadfast and transparent in their relationship for greater
    benefit of our society."

    ¶10.  This strong endorsement of openness and transparency by
    the Minister was greeted by the assembled public relations
    officers and journalists with enthusiasm.  Many told us
    during the workshop that they hoped Danjuma would repeat the
    message for their commanders, who have a strong aversion to
    dealing with the media.

    ¶11.  Ambassador Jeter in his opening remarks noted that the
    armed forces now "serve an elected government, respond to
    legislative oversight, face the media, and are accountable to
    the Nigerian people."  The democratic transition, he said,
    "will make this country greater, more prosperous, and more
    stable in the future.  The Nigerian armed forces will win the
    respect of the Nigerian people as corruption ends, as the
    standards of training and professionalism increase, as
    leadership takes on a democratic spirit, as your bases and
    installations are recognized as 'good neighbors' in the
    community they serve, and as people see soldiers, sailors,
    and airmen engaged in useful tasks.  Internationally, your
    troops are a vital force for peace and stability in Africa.
    Nigerians should know it; Africa should know it; and the
    world should know it."

    ¶12.  The Ambassador continued, however, that "for too many
    journalists, there is a reflexive distrust of the armed
    forces.  For too many of Nigeria's leaders, civilian as well
    as military, their press policy can be summed up as, "we wish
    the media would go away."  The Ambassador cautioned against
    "the military habit that decisions are not to be questioned,"
    "misusing 'official secrets' as a reason not to reveal
    shortcomings or embarrassing facts," a "reluctance to admit
    that the armed forces were, during the period of military
    rule, as devastated and hollowed out as other institutions,"
    and a reluctance to "face the reality that there was
    wholesale corruption and tolerance of serious human rights
    violations, and marked deviations from the rule of law in the
    past."  "building a bridge of trust between the armed forces
    and the media is one more task for the democratic transition."

    ¶13.  The workshop schedule included sessions on:

    -- Internal Information Programs
    -- Community Relations
    -- Overview of Public Affairs Events -- Civic Tours, Open
    Houses, etc.
    -- Planning for Public Affairs Events
    -- Military-Media Relations During Military Operations
    -- Media Pools/Embedded Media
    -- Preparing Public Affairs Guidance for Military Operations
    -- Working with the Media:  Two Perspectives
    -- Media Availabilities: Press Conferences, TV Interviews,
    print interviews, speeches followed by Q&A, the "ambush"
    -- Crisis Public Affairs
    -- Practical Exercises:  Exercise press briefings
    -- Public Affairs Products
    -- Operation Focus Relief
    -- Discussion and Planning, Operation Focus Relief Phase III

    ¶14.  In the early sessions of the workshop, the accumulated
    distrust and nursed grudges between the two Nigerian groups
    (military and media) resulted in charges and shouting
    matches.  Bernath skillfully cooled this conflict with a
    special session on self-image and definitions of patriotism
    that clarified much of the gap.  Heads nodded as participants
    saw that the military officers regarded themselves as
    patriotic because of their dedication to the country, while
    the journalists defined patriotism as serving the public with
    needed information.

    ¶15.  Wednesday afternoon of the workshop was devoted to
    preparing for press conferences.  The Public Affairs Section
    of the Embassy helped develop scenarios -) an explosion of
    fuel tanks on an installation, a C-130 crash, and a conflict
    between local citizens and drunken soldiers.  Three teams of
    participants, each team with military public relations
    officers and journalists, worked together to prepare a
    briefer to meet the press, while Bernath, Barnes, and Bishop
    took the roles of aggressive journalists.  This exercise
    joined the two sides with positive results for the remainder
    of the seminar.

    ¶16.  On Thursday afternoon, Bernath led a session that asked
    the participants to consider professional guidelines for the
    interaction between the armed forces public affairs officers
    and the media.  All present agreed on these principles:

    For the media:

    (1)  Media reporting will be objective, factual, balanced,
    and fair. A professional reporter will subjugate tribalism,
    politics, and religion to these goals.

    (2)  A professional journalist must be trained and informed
    about military subjects.

    (3)  Media should be willing to share the risks of military
    operations after training.

    (4)  The media will be sensitive to the legitimate security
    needs of the military.

    For the military:

    (1)  The military will provide complete, timely, accurate,
    and factual information subject to national security
    interests.

    (2)  The military will ensure accessibility to media to
    adequately inform the Nigerian public of military activities.

    (3)  The military should understand the needs of the media
    and assist them in meeting those needs.

    (4)  The military will provide reasonable assistance to the
    media to cover military related activities and events.

    Despite the numerous qualifiers, the two groups were
    extremely satisfied by the professional airing of their
    discontents and with these proposed guidelines.

    ¶17.  On Friday morning, Embassy Defense Attache Colonel
    Victor Nelson gave a comprehensive and frank briefing of
    Operation Focus Relief, and he deftly answered questions.
    The Embassy CPAO then led the group through a brainstorming
    session focused on preparations for OFR Phase III, due to
    begin in September.

    ¶18.  The first part of the 90 minute session addressed the
    question of audiences -) political leaders, academics,
    youth, the business community, students, religious leaders,
    labor, NGOs, community associations, traditional rulers, and
    "average Nigerians" among them.  The military participants
    also saw a need to use internal information channels to more
    widely inform service members (in non-participating units)
    about OFR.

    ¶19.  The second part addressed possible events that could
    serve as news hooks for media messages.  These included the
    arrival of U.S. soldiers, visits to exercise sites, weapons
    displays, marksmanship training, competitions, an "open day,"
    local leader visits, the final ceremony, and the sendoff of
    troops to Sierra Leone.  The participants urged that public
    affairs for OFR Phase III should begin at least two weeks
    ahead of the arrival of American units, and they said that
    Nigerian briefers would have the most credibility with
    Nigerian audiences.

    ¶20.  The third part addressed messages, and there was
    agreement on four major thematic clusters:

    (A)  Mutuality:  The U.S. and Nigeria are working together in
    concert and in harmony, for mutual benefits.  For Nigeria,
    the benefits include new and better equipment for units,
    enhanced training, and better logistics.

    (B)  Explaining Nigeria's National Interests:  Nigerian
    troops play an important role in maintaining peace and
    stability in the subregion.  Nigeria, Africa, and the world
    benefit when Nigeria assumes a leadership role.

    (C)  Re-professionalization:  OFR makes an important
    contribution to the re-professionalization of Nigeria's armed
    forces, whose professional military qualities seriously
    eroded during the period of military rule.  It also
    contributes to combat readiness, and it demonstrates its
    re-focus on military, not political, tasks.

    (D)  The democracy dividend:  The role of the armed forces is
    changing for the better.  It is now firmly committed to the
    constitution, and to a new spirit of military subordination
    to the civilian government.  This is a vital part of the
    nation's focus on good governance.  The people benefit from
    the serious commitment of the armed forces to civilian
    democratic rule.

    ¶21.  GPRA Data:  Date:  25-29 June 2001.  FY-2001, Quarter 3.
     Audience:  30 armed forces and Ministry of Defense public
    relations specialists including the Director of Defense
    Information and the public relations chiefs of the Army,
    Navy, and Air Force.  15 defense journalists.  Results:
    "Excellent" is an understatement.
    Jeter

`