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### Viewing cable 04ANKARA1007, OUTREACH TO MUSLIM AUDIENCES IN TURKEY

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
04ANKARA1007 | 2004-02-21 07:04 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Ankara

`

    This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 ANKARA 001007

    SIPDIS

    FOR EUR PDAS CHARLIE RIES FROM DCM ROBERT S. DEUTSCH

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: KPAO PREL PHUM SCUL SOCI KISL TU
    SUBJECT: OUTREACH TO MUSLIM AUDIENCES IN TURKEY

    REF: STATE 13711

    ¶1.  While Turkey's 20th century history is completely
    different from other countries in the Greater Middle East,
    the issues we are dealing with in this 99 percent Muslim
    country are at their base only different in degrees.  Like
    the rest of the region, Turkey has been governed by an elite
    intent on maintaining policies in an often self-serving
    national interest while disempowering a majority of its
    population.  With technology, the disempowered have
    increasing knowledge of global developments and an increasing
    ability to make their voice of disaffection heard.  Often, in
    the Muslim Greater Middle East, including here in Turkey, one
    important center for collecting opposition and motivating
    action is Islam, its facilities, educational, or
    factions/parties.  In Turkey, as in the Greater Middle East,
    the U.S. has been associated with the rule of the
    often-corrupted elites, and it has come to be seen in a
    common prism with them.  Recently this has been reinforced by
    perceptions of U.S. pro-Israel policies or pressure on Iraq.
    Our credibility gap is underlined by the numbers of people in
    Turkey as in the Middle East, who believe we would support a
    greater Israel (from the Nile to the Euphrates), or who
    believe, even now, that our continuing support for Saddam
    Hussein will result in his return to power in Iraq.

    ¶2.  In Turkey the imperfect democratic institutions that have
    been created since the 1950's have allowed the bulk of those
    disempowered to find a political voice, and the drive for EU
    membership has provided impetus to improve those institutions
    and begin empowerment. The current AK Party Government draws
    its support from this base.  For the U.S. to connect and
    reverse their skeptical view of our motives, we must be
    palpably supportive of democratization, of individual
    freedoms and of social and economic justice.  We must work to
    promote shared values here as we did in Central and Eastern
    Europe. We must deliver that message despite obstacles:  a
    need to work with a bureaucracy and military that often
    represents the past; an education system designed for the
    status quo; a media environment that propagates fiction and
    conspiracy theory; a business climate used to anything but
    open markets and fair competition; and an atmosphere that
    rejects personal responsibility.

    ¶3.  To overcome misperceptions and begin to create a positive
    view of the common values and support for a democratic
    evolution, it is essential that we maximize the positive
    contact between Americans in the flesh and Turks (as we would
    elsewhere in the region with Arabs, Persians, etc.).  In the
    first instance that means staffing our missions so that we
    have people who can get out from behind their in baskets,
    travel and put a real face on the U.S.  But we need to do a
    better job of preparing our diplomatic personnel for that
    mission.  A sophisticated, nuanced understanding of the
    history, culture and diversity of views within Turkey is
    vital to this Mission's work.  Religion informs the worldview
    and lives of many Turks, just as it does the citizens of many
    other countries, Muslim and non-Muslim alike.  We need to do
    a better job of giving our staff background in local
    traditions.  We need those skills not just in our diplomatic
    personnel but for our military and law enforcement colleagues
    as well.  We must be sensitive to and demonstrate respect for
    the values and aspirations of Turks.  FSI can contribute by
    doing a better job of explaining Turkey's diversity, Islam in
    general, and Islam in Turkey.

    ¶4.  We are working to expand our presence through Turkey
    virtually by building poles of attraction for our staff and
    contacts.

    American Corners:  American Corners in the culturally
    conservative cities of Kayseri and Gaziantep and in Bursa
    provide the Mission platforms for programming, outreach, and
    the dissemination of information in locations where we would
    not otherwise have a presence.  We are working to improve
    their impact and ensure our visible support.  Over the next
    year and beyond, we are considering opening additional
    American Corners; this is relatively low-cost program
    (approximately $30,000 in start up costs) that will require
    limited support from EUR.

    ¶5.  We need to support and augment programs that bring
    non-official Turks and Americans together:

    -- Visitor Exchanges:  The International Visitors Program is
    one of the USG's most highly leveraged programs in support of
    greater mutual understanding.  The budget for the IV Program
    should be tripled in order to reach more future leaders from
    all sectors of Turkish society, including government,
    politics, the media, community service, education, NGOs, and
    culture.

    -- Academic Exchanges:  There is no better way than through
    study in American universities for people from other
    countries to develop an understanding of, and personal and
    professional associations with, the United States that will
    last for a lifetime.  Fulbright exchange programs should be
    significantly expanded in both directions to provide more
    Turkish university students a formative experience in the
    U.S. and enable more young Americans to come to Turkey and,
    through interaction with their peers, help dispel inaccurate
    preconceptions of the United States.  Turkey is the eighth
    largest source of international students in the United
    States, sending more of its young adults to American
    universities than any other European country - and more than
    any predominantly Muslim country.  As Turkey moves closer to
    EU accession, it is imperative that we not lose this edge and
    that Turkish students remain attracted to American higher
    education.  Programs such as the State University of New
    York's dual degree program, which will bring 250 Turkish
    students to SUNY campuses during the next two years, should
    be supported with scholarship seed money.  But we also need
    to find ways to get more U.S. professors and students into
    Turkish institutions, beyond Istanbul and Ankara.

    -- Youth Exchanges:  We should initiate a high school age
    exchange program in an effort to engage young people and
    provide them a positive, firsthand introduction to the United
    States before their worldviews have hardened to the point
    that they are no longer open to new ideas.  We remember a
    range of government and privately supported high school
    exchange programs with Western Europe.  We need the programs
    to be activated here, again with U.S. exchange students
    coming this way too.

    ¶5.  We need to be seen supporting Turkey's democratic reforms
    in education:

    -- English Language Fellows:  In FY-03 the Mission received
    $315,000 in R Bureau Muslim outreach funding to support the
    placement of nine English Language Fellows in Turkey to
    teach, train teachers, and develop curricula.  These talented
    young teachers are tangibly improving the quality of English
    language instruction while building ties between Turkish and
    American youth.  For example, our English Language Fellow in
    Erzurum, a conservative city in eastern Turkey, has
    revolutionized teaching methods at her host university by
    introducing instruction based on critical thinking and active
    student participation.  After class, she accompanies female
    students to the mosque and engages them in comparative
    discussions of religion in the U.S. and Turkey.  Funding for
    the highly successful English Language Fellows program in
    Turkey should be renewed and increased in FY-04 and future
    years, whether by R or EUR.

    -- Teacher Training:  From FY-01 to FY-03, Bilkent
    University's Graduate School of Education received a grant
    from the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) to
    support six-week teaching internships in Iowa high schools
    for its students.  These future teachers come from
    undergraduate programs throughout Turkey, represent all
    socio-economic classes, and attend Bilkent University on full
    scholarship.  As graduates, they go on to teach in secondary
    schools across the country, bringing with them the benefit of
    their firsthand experience in the U.S.  We have proposed
    extending the Iowa internship program to graduate education
    students from other Turkish universities.  This is a
    low-cost, high-impact program that is literally changing
    Turkish education methods from the ground up.  The grant
    should be renewed.

    -- Study of the United States:  Turkey's universities boast a
    vibrant American Studies community, with which the Mission
    works closely to strengthen teaching and research about the
    United States.  This community provides more than 4000
    students every year an opportunity to learn in depth about
    American history, literature, culture, and social values.
    The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs provides
    funding for American Studies activities in Turkey, and this
    support should be increased.

    ¶6.  A key area of reform that comes home to Turks is improved
    government implementation of individual rights and
    effectiveness.  Turkey's legal system application of Rule of
    Law is a major shortcoming where we can visibly be engaged.

    -- Judicial Exchange:  In FY-02 and FY-03, the Mission, with
    DRL funding and in conjunction with the Institute for the
    Study and Development of Legal Systems, undertook a major
    project to examine Turkish and U.S. perspectives on freedom
    of expression, police conduct, and trial alternatives in the
    criminal justice system.  Several visits were exchanged
    between Turkish judicial authorities and their American
    counterparts to examine these issues in both countries,
    culminating in five seminars in Turkey that were attended by
    700 Turkish judges, prosecutors, and lawyers.  This
    initiative substantially advanced MPP objectives in democracy
    and human and reached a wide cross-section of the Turkish
    legal community.  DRL is unable to provide further funding
    support.  A $600,000 FY-04 grant has been requested from the
    Office of Citizen Exchanges to complete the next phase of the
    project by jointly designing specific measures to achieve
    reforms in the areas of freedom of expression, police
    conduct, and trail alternatives.  This is a long-term
    initiative, and we urge EUR to build funding support for it
    into its FY-06 budget request.

    -- Democracy Programs:  We propose pursuing the Congressional
    initiative to establish a West-Muslim Dialogue Center in
    Istanbul.  But we hope the center could be bi-national
    (U.S.0Turkish) in its inspiration and also focus on promotion
    of democracy beyond Turkey's borders through non-governmental
    efforts.  Such foundations now exist in Germany, the United
    Kingdom, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Poland,
    among other countries.  Given its commitment to democratic
    reform and EU accession and its strategic location near
    regions that lack democratic governance, Turkey has the
    potential to advance democracy by sharing its experience with
    countries in Central Asia and the Caucasus.  Funding should
    be provided to support the start-up costs of such a
    foundation, including a series of meetings to examine the
    experience of other democracies in assisting democracy
    internationally and to explore how Turkey can become engaged
    in this field.  In addition, expanded ECA funding should be
    provided for the exchange
    of young Turkish and American legislators under the auspices
    of ACYPL, and new funding should be earmarked by EUR to
    support Turkish NGOs in sharing their expertise with emerging
    civil society organizations in Iraq.  A joint U.S.-Turkish
    effort in this area would help demonstrate our real
    commitment.

    ¶7.  Media:  Professionalization of Turkey's media is
    essential to a more effective democracy with informed voters
    and political leaders whose worldview is based on a modern
    reality.  While it is hard to see how to change the media
    economics in Turkey where low journalist salaries are an
    obstacle to accurate journalism, we should develop programs,
    possibly within the West-Muslim Democracy Promotion Center,
    to promote journalistic quality, ethics, and investigative
    accuracy.  In addition incremental staff could play a
    significant role.  This Mission's press operation is
    seriously understaffed, and we require an Assistant
    Information Officer position.   The responsibilities of an
    AIO would include outreach to national and regional media,
    speech writing for the Ambassador, conducting U.S. Speaker
    programs that are specifically targeted at the media, and
    maintaining liaison with military public affairs officers at
    EUCOM and Incirlik.  In the Mission's FY-05 MPP, an Assistant
    Information Officer position was our highest priority for new
    American positions and it will be again in our FY-06
    submission.  It should be funded and filled as soon as
    possible.

    ¶8.  The President has given us a challenge for the next
    generation.  Developing open societies in the Greater Middle
    East joined to the modern world politically through
    democratic institutions and respect for individual freedoms
    (including religion) and responsibility and economically
    through the prosperity of market economies is a challenge
    that begins in Turkey.  We need resources and political will
    to do the job, but we don't need to reinvent the wheel.  The
    tools are familiar.  Reaching out to Turkey's or the Greater
    Middle East's Muslims requires understanding and flexibility,
    but we can succeed.

    EDELMAN

`