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### Viewing cable 07QUITO482, ECUADOR 2007 TIP REPORT

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
07QUITO482 | 2007-03-01 22:15 | 2011-05-02 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Quito

`

    VZCZCXYZ0000
    OO RUEHWEB

    DE RUEHQT #0482/01 0602215
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    O 012215Z MAR 07 ZDK
    FM AMEMBASSY QUITO
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6424
    INFO RUEAHLC/HOMELAND SECURITY CENTER WASHDC IMMEDIATE
    RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA PRIORITY 6472
    RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS PRIORITY 2395
    RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ MAR 0443
    RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA PRIORITY 1446
    RUEHGL/AMCONSUL GUAYAQUIL PRIORITY 1958
    RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC PRIORITY
    RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC PRIORITY
    RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC PRIORITY
    RHMFISS/HQ USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL

` `

    UNCLAS QUITO 000482

    SIPDIS

    DEPT PASS USAID

    SENSITIVE
    SIPDIS

    FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, IWI, WHA/PPC, WHA/AND

    E.O. 12958:  N/A
    TAGS: KCRM PHUM KWMN ELAB SMIG ASEC KFRD PREF

    SUBJECT:  ECUADOR 2007 TIP REPORT

    REF:  SECSTATE 202745

    ¶1.  (SBU) Summary:  Over the past year, Ecuador has achieved
    significant and sustained progress in the areas of prevention,
    protection, and prosecution of TIP.  GOE commitment to combat
    TIP is evidenced by former President Palacio's signing of the
    National Anti-TIP Plan on August 30, 2006. The GOE has
    implemented comprehensive anti-TIP legislation and continues to
    vigorously investigate and prosecute offenders. More than 100
    police, prosecutors and judges underwent intensive training to
    combat TIP, resulting in more than 100 TIP cases currently in
    process; there were two TIP convictions and sentencings in
    September and December 2006. Specially appointed prosecutors are
    leading prosecution efforts.  The Attorney General's Office
    tracks data on TIP complaints, arrests and prosecutions.

    ¶2.  (SBU) The GOE, via INNFA, launched in November 2006 a US $1
    million national anti-TIP and anti-alien smuggling campaign
    targeting vulnerable audiences in all 22 provinces.  In August
    2006, the Ecuadorian Public Ministry established a 36-member
    police unit for Victim and Witness Protection. GOE-supported
    shelters for TIP victims protected 27 TIP victims in 2006.
    Senior government officials, including the former President,
    First Lady, and cabinet members spoke out publicly many times
    about the problem.  President Rafael Correa took office took
    office January 15 and already several senior ministers of
    government have expressed GOE commitment to continue the fight
    against trafficking in persons.  End Summary.

    ¶3.  (U) This report provides responses keyed to the TIP
    questionnaire contained in RefTel.  Nominations of heroes and
    best practices follow at Para 8.  Point of contact is Erik
    Martini, IVG 644 ext. 4424, fax:  +593-2-254-0712.  Hours spent
    on this report:  USAID officer 30, NAS Officer 5, POLOFF 20,
    POLCHIEF 5.

    ¶4.  (SBU) Overview of Activities to Eliminate TIP:
    --------------------------------------------- -----

    ¶A. Is the country a country of origin, transit, or destination
    for internationally trafficked men, women, or children?
    Provide, where possible, numbers or estimates for each group;
    how they were trafficked, to where, and for what purpose.  Does
    the trafficking occur within the country's borders?  Does it
    occur in territory outside of the government's control (e.g. in
    a civil war situation)?  Are any estimates or reliable numbers
    available as to the extent or magnitude of the problem?   What
    is (are) the source(s) of available information on trafficking
    in persons or what plans are in place (if any) to undertake
    documentation of trafficking? How reliable are the numbers and
    these sources? Are certain groups of persons more at risk of
    being trafficked (e.g. women and children, boys versus girls,
    certain ethnic groups, refugees, etc.)?

    Ecuador is a country of origin, transit, and destination for
    trafficked women and children.  The most comprehensive TIP study
    of Ecuador was undertaken by the International Labor
    Organization (ILO) in 2003.  This report by a respected
    international organization remains the benchmark of research
    into the trafficking problem and is widely regarded as accurate.
    The research showed that approximately 5,200 youth and
    adolescents -- between age 15 and 17 -- are commercially
    sexually exploited in Ecuador.  Studies also show Ecuadorian
    youth sent to Spain, Italy, Venezuela, Peru and Colombia for
    labor or commercial sexual exploitation.

    More recent TIP research was completed by the ILO in May 2006,
    studying 9 selected cities throughout Ecuador: Ambato, Otavalo,
    Riobamba, Quito, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Guayaquil,
    Manta, Machala and Lago Agrio.  The study confirmed extensive
    routes of internal trafficking between these cities and found
    evidence that Ecuadorians were trafficked out of Ecuador to
    Colombia and Venezuela and Colombians were trafficked into
    Ecuador.

    In addition to the baseline studies that were conducted in Santo
    Domingo de los Colorados and Ibarra, Foundation Esquel, together
    with Foundation Esperanza (Hope) and the Municipal Childhood and
    Adolescent Advisory Board of Tena, will conduct a baseline study
    of the situation of commercial sexual exploitation of minors and
    adolescents in Tena, province of Napo. The objectives of the
    study will be to raise awareness of public sector officials and
    civil society organizations through training; to formulate a
    Local Action Plan to combat CSEM; and to promote a local public
    policy and training to increase the presentation of complaints
    and accusations of CSEM crimes.

    ¶B. Please provide a general overview of the trafficking
    situation in the country and any changes since the last TIP
    Report (e.g. changes in direction).  Also briefly explain the
    political will to address trafficking in persons. Other items to
    address may include:  What kind of conditions are the victims
    trafficked into?  Which populations are targeted by the
    traffickers?  Who are the traffickers?  What methods are used to
    approach victims? (Are they offered lucrative jobs, sold by
    their families, approached by friends of friends, etc.?)  What
    methods are used to move the victims (e.g., are false documents
    being used?).

    The human trafficking pattern in Ecuador does not appear to have
    changed significantly since the 2006 TIP Report.  The GOE
    continues to show its resolve to take action against
    trafficking.

    There is a high incidence of internally trafficked children and
    adolescents who are sold into sexual slavery. Conditions that
    victims are trafficked into are illustrated in a January 2006
    DINAPEN raid that led to the rescue of 11 minors between the
    ages 14-17. According to the GOE TIP prosecutor, Thania Moreno,
    the accused controlled the girls, moving them from city to city
    within Ecuador and forced them into prostitution. One victim
    stated that "once Qhired' and regardless of age, the club
    converted into a prison. The girls could not leave: there they
    slept and ate." False documents were obtained in Quito and
    Guayaquil. Out of the 11 victims, three were from Santo Domingo,
    Pichincha province, two from Buena Fe, Los Rios province, one
    from Quevedo, Los Rios province, one from Guayaquil, Guayas
    province, one from Chone, Manabi province, and the three
    remaining from various cities in the Amazon region.

    On September 9, press reported the following testimony from a
    victim: "I was recruited by my boyfriend," Valeria (fictitious
    name), a 14-year-old, noted.  A friend of my brother courted me
    and brought me to Crucita (Manabi province) with the promise
    that I would have a better life in the capital.  Little by
    little he began to hit me and forced me to work in a brothel.  I
    also had to give him money--$25 for each act.  After an
    operation by DINAPEN, he is now in prison and I almost can't
    sleep at night for the fear of seeing him again."

    The TIP study completed by the ILO in May 2006 and a 2006 study
    by Our Youth Foundation, also provide insight into trafficking
    targets, traffickers, and methods used to approach victims.

    Traffickers tend to recruit targets in extremely poor
    communities.  They target vulnerable adolescents, enticing them
    with promises of work, wealth and success.  TIP victims at a
    Quito shelter tell of being approached by friends at bars who
    offered them jobs and opportunity.  Poor parents also sell their
    adolescent children to traffickers who tout the chance of
    legitimate employment and adventure abroad.

    The most vulnerable trafficking targets include
    institutionalized and abandoned children of emigrants, children
    of prostitutes, and young migrants. Areas with high rates of
    human trafficking in Ecuador include border communities,
    villages near tourist areas and major corporations, the
    highlands, and urban coastal communities. In Santo Domingo,
    Pichincha province, there is a high incidence of internally
    trafficked children and adolescents who are exploited for sexual
    slavery. These victims arrive in Santo Domingo from various
    parts of Ecuador in transit or as a final destination.
    Traffickers post job announcements along the lampposts of Santo
    Domingo's streets "seeking young attractive women for better
    paid jobs." Machala and Guayaquil are referred to as recruitment
    centers, places of origin for a number of victims trafficked
    internally and internationally. In the highlands there are
    reports of minors from indigenous villages, located in and
    around Otavalo, trafficked to other Latin American and European
    countries (e.g., Spain, Italy).

    In Riobamba children are lured into labor exploitation at
    agricultural or animal fairs, attended by primarily poor
    indigenous families. Traffickers offer parents better living
    conditions (work, food, education, travel, etc.) in exchange for
    monthly or yearly payments (US $800 to $1000 annually).
    Traffickers typically provide an initial up front cash amount to
    parents in exchange for consent to leave with the child.
    Interviews with parents also suggest that traffickers have
    approached the child directly, luring them with offers of money,
    without consent of the parents.

    In Quito, ads placed on lampposts and in bus terminals often
    seek girls, offering work, housing, food and commission Q cases
    which lead to sexual enslavement of minors. Recruiters also may
    be girls convincing potential Qworkers' by offering an easy way
    to earn money to get a cellular phone, new clothing, etc. These
    recruiters often earn a commission for bringing in other girls
    who eventually end up working in brothels. Organized crime
    groups also operate and traffic girls between Quito and Santo
    Domingo de los Colorados.

    In Lago Agrio a young girl from Cali, Colombia was forced into
    prostitution after a neighbor asked permission to take the child
    to the beach. The girl was taken instead to a brother where she
    was held in sexual slavery.

    In a documentary, the NGO Our Youth Foundation highlighted
    methods to lure victims.  A typical ruse deals with a boyfriend,
    who falls in love with a young girl promising her a better life
    and lucrative job if they move away to another city. In the
    city, the money soon runs out and the boyfriend tells the girl
    that she must work so they can make ends meet. He often
    indicates that he has located a job for her Q and presents a
    uniform from a cabaret or night club. Reluctantly, she accepts,
    thinking that it will only be for a short while until they find
    something better and get back on their feet. After a couple of
    nights, she is forced

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