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### Viewing cable 09STATE6423, C) IRANIAN OUTREACH TO LATIN AMERICA

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
09STATE6423 | 2009-01-23 21:09 | 2011-03-05 00:12 | SECRET//NOFORN | Secretary of State

`

    R 232151Z JAN 09
    FM SECSTATE WASHDC
    TO IRAN COLLECTIVE
    AMEMBASSY ASUNCION
    AMEMBASSY BELMOPAN
    AMEMBASSY BOGOTA
    AMEMBASSY BRASILIA
    AMEMBASSY BRIDGETOWN
    AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES
    AMEMBASSY CARACAS
    AMEMBASSY GEORGETOWN
    AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA
    AMEMBASSY LA PAZ
    AMEMBASSY LIMA
    AMEMBASSY MANAGUA
    AMEMBASSY MEXICO
    AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO
    AMEMBASSY PANAMA
    AMEMBASSY PARAMARIBO
    AMEMBASSY PORT AU PRINCE
    AMEMBASSY PORT OF SPAIN
    AMEMBASSY QUITO
    AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE
    AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR
    AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO
    AMEMBASSY SANTO DOMINGO
    AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA
    AMCONSUL MONTERREY
    USINT HAVANA

` `

    S E C R E T STATE 006423

    NOFORN

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 01/23/2034
    TAGS: PINR ETRD MARR PREL PTER SNAR AR BH BL BR CI CO CS
    CU, DR, EC, ES, GT, HA, HO, MX, NU, PA, PE, PM, UY, VE
    SUBJECT: (C) IRANIAN OUTREACH TO LATIN AMERICA
    (C-AL8-02836)

    Classified By: SUZANNE MCCORMICK, DIR., INR/I. REASON: 1.4(C).

    ¶1. (S/NF) WASHINGTON ANALYSTS ASSESS THAT TEHRAN IS
    REACHING OUT TO LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES IN ORDER TO REDUCE
    ITS DIPLOMATIC ISOLATION AND INCREASE TIES TO LEFTIST
    COUNTRIES IN THE REGION THAT TEHRAN PERCEIVES MAY SHARE ITS
    ANTI-US AGENDA. PRESIDENT AHMADI-NEJAD APPEARS TO BE THE
    DRIVING FORCE BEHIND THIS POLICY, AND HE HAS RECEIVED
    PERSONAL ASSISTANCE FROM VENEZUELAN PRESIDENT HUGO CHAVEZ.
    IRAN'S TIES WITH VENEZUELA, WHICH INCLUDE MILITARY
    COOPERATION, ARE THE CLOSEST AND MOST SIGNIFICANT. GIVEN THE
    HIGH-PROFILE IRAN-VENEZUELA RELATIONSHIP, HIZBALLAH-LINKED
    INDIVIDUALS PROBABLY SEE VENEZUELA AS A SAFEHAVEN WHERE THEY
    CAN CONDUCT FUNDRAISING AND SUPPORT ACTIVITIES WITHOUT
    INTERFERENCE. OTHER POPULIST GOVERNMENTS LIKE BOLIVIA,
    ECUADOR, AND NICARAGUA HAVE ALSO SOUGHT TO CREATE CLOSER
    POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TIES WITH IRAN. IRAN HAS ESTABLISHED
    CULTURAL CENTERS IN 16 COUNTRIES OF THE REGION AND HAS
    EMBASSIES IN 10 COUNTRIES. AS TIME AND RESOURCES PERMIT AND
    AS APPLICABLE TO POST, ANALYSTS AND SENIOR LEVEL POLICYMAKERS
    WOULD GREATLY APPRECIATE ANY INFORMATION ON THE FOLLOWING
    TOPICS/QUESTIONS THAT YOU COLLECT DURING THE COURSE OF YOUR
    NORMAL MEETINGS/BUSINESS ACTIVITIES.

    ¶A. (U) FOR IRAN WATCHERS AND THE IRAN REGIONAL PRESENCE
    OFFICE (IRPO):

    1) (S/NF) BEYOND IRAN'S OVERT POLICY TO INCREASE ITS
    DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE REGION, WE LACK
    INFORMATION ON TEHRAN'S STRATEGIC INTENTIONS. WHAT DOES
    TEHRAN SEE AS THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF IRAN'S OUTREACH TO LATIN
    AMERICA? HOW HIGH A PRIORITY IS LATIN AMERICA FOR IRANIAN
    FOREIGN POLICY? DOES TEHRAN ENVISION BECOMING A KEY REGIONAL
    PLAYER IN LATIN AMERICA? WHERE DOES IRAN THINK IT IS IN TERMS
    OF DEVELOPING RELATIONS WITH THE REGION? WHAT SPECIFIC
    COUNTRIES, GROUPS, AND INDIVIDUALS DOES IRAN VIEW AS ENABLERS
    IN THE REGION? WHICH COUNTRIES APPEAR TO BE THE FOCUS OF
    IRANIAN EFFORTS TO MAKE POLITICAL, DIPLOMATIC, AND ECONOMIC
    INROADS IN LATIN AMERICA, AND WHERE IS IT PLANNING TO EXPAND?
    WHAT DOMESTIC, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, OR SOCIAL ISSUES MIGHT
    IMPACT ITS OUTREACH TO LATIN AMERICA?

    2) (S/NF) WHO IN TEHRAN IS PUSHING IRAN'S OUTREACH TO LATIN
    AMERICA? IF IT IS AHMADI-NEJAD, WHAT IS THE SUPREME LEADER'S
    OPINION ON IRAN'S EFFORTS TO EXPAND ITS PRESENCE IN THE
    REGION? WHO IN TEHRAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING IRAN'S
    LATIN AMERICA POLICY--THE MFA, THE MOIS, THE IRGC? WHO WITHIN
    THESE ORGANIZATIONS IS INVOLVED IN FORMING IRAN'S POLICY ON
    LATIN AMERICA? HOW DO THESE ORGANIZATIONS COORDINATE THEIR
    ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION?

    3) (S/NF) DOES TEHRAN HAVE ANY INTENTION OF USING THE
    REGION AS A STAGING GROUND FOR POTENTIAL TERRORIST ATTACKS,
    EITHER DIRECTLY OR THROUGH SURROGATES? ARE ANY PERSONS
    AFFILIATED WITH THE IRANIAN GOVERNMENT MAKING CONTINGENCY
    PREPARATIONS TO CREATE NETWORKS FOR POTENTIAL TERRORIST
    ACTIVITIES LATER? IF SO, WHAT SORT OF ACTIVITIES?

    4) (S/NF) DO TEHRAN AND HIZBALLAH SHARE SIMILAR OBJECTIVES
    IN THE REGION? IN WHAT WAYS DO THEY WORK
    TOGETHER/INDEPENDENTLY? WHAT, IF ANY, ARE IRAN'S INTENTIONS
    AND CAPABILITIES FOR STRENGTHENING HIZBALLAH OBJECTIVES IN
    LATIN AMERICA?

    ¶B. (U) FOR IRAN WATCHERS, IRPO AND LATIN AMERICAN POSTS:

    1) (S/NF) WHAT IS THE EXTENT OF THE MOIS AND IRGC-QODS
    FORCE PRESENCE AND RECRUITMENT IN THE REGION? WHAT HAPPENS TO
    THE POTENTIAL RECRUITS AFTER THEIR TRAINING IN IRAN OR OTHER
    MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES? ARE IRANIAN OFFICIALS ATTEMPTING TO
    ACCESS US TERRITORY OR US PRIVATE FIRMS VIA LATIN AMERICA? DO
    THE IRANIAN CULTURAL CENTERS MAINTAIN CONTACT WITH THE
    CONVERTS? DO IRANIAN DIPLOMATIC OR MILITARY (I.E. IRGC-QODS
    FORCE) OFFICIALS IN THE REGION MAINTAIN ANY CONTACT WITH
    CONVERTS? HOW DOES TEHRAN PROVIDE MONEY TO THE ICCS?

    2) (S/NF) TO WHAT EXTENT ARE IRAN AND ITS LATIN AMERICAN
    ALLIES COOPERATING AGAINST THE U.S.? IN WHAT WAYS HAS IRAN
    BEEN SUCCESSFUL AT FOSTERING GREATER ANTI-AMERICANISM IN THE
    REGION? WHAT KINDS OF COVERT IRANIAN ACTIVITY HAVE BEEN
    IDENTIFIED IN THE REGION? TO WHAT EXTENT DO IRAN AND LATIN
    AMERICA APPEAR TO SHARE INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION? HAS IRAN
    PROVIDED INTELLIGENCE TRAINING WITHIN THE REGION?

    3) (S/NF) IS IRAN SUPPORTING TERRORIST ACTIVITIES IN LATIN
    AMERICA? IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPPORTING OR TRAINING ILLEGAL
    ARMED GROUPS IN COLOMBIA OR ELSEWHERE? IS IRAN FACILITATING
    LETHAL AID FOR ITS ALLIES OR WORKING TO ESTABLISH NEW
    TERRORIST INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE REGION?

    4) (S/NF) HOW IS IRAN CIRCUMVENTING ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
    THROUGH ITS TIES IN THE REGION? WHAT KINDS OF COMMERCIAL AND
    FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ARE DEVELOPING BETWEEN IRAN AND THE
    REGION? DO JOINT BUSINESS VENTURES WITH IRAN TURN A PROFIT?
    WHICH COUNTRIES HAVE EXPANDED TRADE RELATIONSHIPS WITH IRAN?
    ARE THESE TRADE AGREEMENTS FOCUSED ON SPECIFIC GOODS OR
    SECTORS? IS THERE ANY INDICATION OF TRADE INCLUDING MATERIALS
    OR TECHNOLOGY WHICH COULD BE USED FOR WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT BY
    IRAN?

    5) (S/NF) HOW SUCCESSFUL HAVE TEHRAN'S EFFORTS TO EXERT
    INFLUENCE IN THE REGION THROUGH CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS
    PROSELYTIZATION BEEN? ARE THERE ANY INDICATIONS THAT THESE
    EFFORTS HAVE EFFECTIVELY FOSTERED EXTREMISM IN LATIN AMERICA?
    WHAT IS THE RELIGIOUS SHIA CONNECTION COUNTRY TO COUNTRY?

    6) (S/NF) ARE THERE ANY INDICATIONS THAT IRANIANS ARE
    TAKING ADVANTAGE OF ECUADOR'S JUNE 2008 DECISION TO LIFT VISA
    REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL VISITORS TRAVELING TO ECUADOR FOR LESS
    THAN 90 DAYS? WHAT STEPS ARE BOLIVIA OR OTHERS TAKING TO LIFT
    THEIR VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR IRAN?

    7) (S/NF) IS IRAN PERCEIVED AS A LEGITIMATE PARTNER IN
    COUNTERNARCOTICS EFFORTS? DOES IRAN HAVE ANY PLANS TO EXTEND
    COUNTERNARCOTICS COOPERATION WITH ANY COUNTRIES IN THE
    REGION? HOW WILL THIS SORT OF OUTREACH PLAY INTO IRAN'S
    RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE REST OF THE REGION, ESPECIALLY ITS KEY
    ALLIES? WHAT ADVANTAGES, PERHAPS BEYOND ACTUAL EFFECTIVENESS
    IN COUNTERING NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING, DO THESE COUNTRIES SEE
    IN STRENGTHENING CONNECTIONS TO THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC?

    8) (S/NF) WHAT IS THE STATUS OF IRAN'S EXISTING MILITARY
    AGREEMENTS WITH LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES? WHAT STATE-TO-STATE
    MILITARY AGREEMENTS IS IRAN PURSUING IN LATIN AMERICA?

    9) (S/NF) SPECIFICALLY, REGARDING IRAN'S RELATIONSHIP WITH
    VENEZUELA, WHAT IS THE STATUS OF IRAN'S AGREEMENT WITH
    VENEZUELA TO OVERHAUL VENEZUELAN F-5 AIRCRAFT ENGINES, IRAN'S
    CONTRACT WITH VENEZUELA TO CONSTRUCT MUNITIONS PLANTS, AND
    THE AGREEMENT WITH VENEZUELA TO PROCURE IRANIAN UNMANNED
    AERIAL VEHICLES (UAVS) AND LIGHT IRANIAN AIRCRAFT? WHAT IS
    VENEZUELA'S LEVEL OF SATISFACTION REGARDING THE QUALITY OF
    MILITARY GOODS AND TRAINING IT HAS RECEIVED FROM IRAN? IS
    THERE ANY INFORMATION INDICATING PDVSA PLANES ARE BEING USED
    TO TRANSPORT ARMS FROM TEHRAN TO DAMASCUS AS REPORTED IN OPEN
    SOURCES? IS THERE ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE
    CARACAS-BOUND IRANIAN CARGO SEIZED BY TURKEY? WHO OR WHAT
    ENTITY IN THE VENEZUELAN MILITARY OR CAVIM ORDERED IT AND FOR
    WHAT PURPOSE? ARE TEHRAN AND CARACAS ACTIVELY PURSUING ANY
    FORM OF NUCLEAR COOPERATION? AND IF SO, FOR WHAT PURPOSE?
    WHAT IS THE NATURE OF WEEKLY CONVIASA FLIGHTS BETWEEN CARACAS
    AND TEHRAN? DO WE HAVE ANY INFORMATION THAT THESE ARE BEING
    USED FOR TERRORISM PURPOSES?

    ¶C. (U) FOR LATIN AMERICAN POSTS:

    1) (S/NF) WHAT DO LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES WANT FROM IRAN?
    HOW ARE REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS, ESPECIALLY BUT NOT LIMITED TO
    VENEZUELA, BOLIVIA, ECUADOR, AND NICARAGUA, CATERING TO
    IRANIAN OVERTURES? TO WHAT EXTENT ARE LATIN AMERICAN LEADERS
    CONCERNED ABOUT IRAN'S HISTORIC TIES TO TERRORISM AND THE
    POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CLOSER TIES TO TEHRAN ON THEIR OWN
    INTERNATIONAL STANDING?

    2) (S/NF) WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IRANIAN
    DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND THE HOST GOVERNMENTS IN LATIN
    AMERICA? WHAT SORT OF DIPLOMATIC COOPERATION DO LATIN
    AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS ENVISION WITH IRAN? WHAT ARE THE
    GOVERNMENTS' PERCEPTIONS AND DECISION-MAKING REGARDING GAINS
    VS COSTS/RISKS OF INVOLVEMENT WITH IRANIAN OFFICIALS? WHAT
    LIMITATIONS DO LATIN AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS PLACE ON
    COOPERATION WITH IRAN? HOW MUCH DO REGIONAL, US, OR WORLD
    REACTIONS FACTOR INTO LATIN AMERICAN POLICYMAKING TOWARDS
    IRAN? HOW ARE DISAGREEMENTS WITHIN LATIN AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS
    REGARDING INVOLVEMENT WITH IRAN HANDLED?

    3) (S/NF) WHAT IS THE STATUS OF AGREEMENTS OR BUSINESS
    VENTURES SIGNED BETWEEN IRANIAN ENTITIES AND LATIN AMERICAN
    GOVERNMENTS OR PRIVATE FIRMS? WHAT SORT OF FINANCIAL AID OR
    CASH TRANSFERS IS TEHRAN PROVIDING TO LATIN AMERICAN
    GOVERNMENTS? HOW MUCH AID IS DELIVERED AS OPPOSED TO PROMISED?

    4) (S/NF) TO WHAT EXTENT ARE HOST GOVERNMENTS WILLING TO
    ASSIST THE U.S. AGAINST THE IRANIAN TARGET?

    5) (C/NF) WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE SHIA MUSLIM COMMUNITY?
    WHICH ARE THE KNOWN HIZBALLAH "CLANS?"

    6) (S/NF) WHAT ARE THE ACTIVITIES AT THE IRANIAN DIPLOMATIC
    MISSIONS, NGOS, AND IRANIAN CULTURAL CENTERS IN LATIN AMERICA
    AND HOW ARE THEY BEING USED TO EXPAND INFLUENCE? WHAT DO
    LATIN AMERICAN CONVERTS TO SHIA ISLAM, OR OTHER STUDENTS OF
    IRANIAN INDOCTRINATION, DO UPON RETURN TO THE REGION FROM
    RELIGIOUS TRAINING IN IRAN? WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
    IRANIAN EMBASSIES AND CULTURAL CENTERS AND KNOWN HIZBALLAH
    MEMBERS OR SUPPORTERS IN THE REGION?

    7) (S/NF) IN ADDITION TO NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, HAS IRAN
    ESTABLISHED TIES WITH ANY NONGOVERNMENTAL GROUPS OR
    INDIGENOUS PEOPLES? IF SO, WITH WHICH GROUPS/PEOPLES AND WHAT
    IS THE CURRENT STATE OF IRAN'S RELATIONSHIPS WITH THESE
    GROUPS/PEOPLES? HAS IRAN PROVIDED THESE GROUPS/PEOPLES WITH
    MONEY OR OTHER SUPPORT? HAVE THE IRANIANS ESTABLISHED ANY
    TIES WITH OTHER RADICAL OR TERRORIST GROUPS, LIKE THE FARC?
    ARE IRANIAN OFFICIALS OR THEIR SURROGATES INVOLVED IN OTHER
    ILLICIT ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS NARCOTRAFFICKING?

    ¶2. (U) PLEASE CITE C-AL8-02836 IN THE SUBJECT LINE OF
    REPORTING IN RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTIONS.

    CLINTON

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