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### Viewing cable 07SANJOSE2071, GREEN FUNDS MEET GREENBACKS: REDLAC IX CONSIDERS

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
07SANJOSE2071 | 2007-12-19 22:10 | 2011-03-14 18:06 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy San Jose

Appears in these articles:
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-12/Investigacion/NotasDestacadas/Investigacion2711772.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-10/Investigacion/NotasDestacadas/Investigacion2707705.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-10/Investigacion/NotasSecundarias/Investigacion2707712.aspx
http://www.nacion.com/2011-03-10/Investigacion/NotasSecundarias/Investigacion2707716.aspx

`

    VZCZCXRO6060
    RR RUEHHM RUEHLN RUEHMA RUEHPB RUEHPOD
    DE RUEHSJ #2071/01 3532206
    ZNR UUUUU ZZH
    R 192206Z DEC 07
    FM AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 9296
    INFO RUEHZN/ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLECTIVE
    RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC

` `

    UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 SAN JOSE 002071

    SIPDIS

    STATE PLEASE PASS TO AID
    AID FOR SLAMPMAN, JHESTER, AND JGARRISON
    TREASURY FOR KBERG

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: N/A
    TAGS: SENV EAID EFIS ENRG ES XM
    SUBJECT:  GREEN FUNDS MEET GREENBACKS:  REDLAC IX CONSIDERS
    PUBLIC-PRIVATE ALLIANCES

    REF: STATE 030914

    ¶1.  SUMMARY:  Enterprise of the Americas Initiative (EAI) and
    Tropical Forest Conservation Act (TFCA) debt for nature funds met on
    the margins of the ninth meeting of the Western Hemisphere Network
    of Environmental Funds November 13-15.  In addition to governance
    issues, fund managers explored lessons learned through partnerships
    with the private sector, international institutions, and civil
    society.  USAID's Global Development Alliance, the AID-supported
    Gulf of Honduras Mesoamerican Reef project (MAR), and environmental
    fund experiences in Peru, Bolivia, El Salvador and Jamaica received
    particular attention.  The EAI/TFCA funds provide particularly rich
    opportunities for promoting mission ESTH and public outreach
    priorities.  END SUMMARY.

    ¶2.  The Salvadoran Enterprise of the Americas Initiative Act (EAI)/
    Tropical Forest Conservation Act (TFCA) Funds administrator
    Enterprise of the Americas Fund El Salvador (Fondo de la Iniciativa
    de las Americas El Salvador- FIAES) hosted the ninth meeting of
    REDLAC, the Western Hemisphere network of environmental funds,
    November 13-15 in San Salvador.  The U.S. organized a November 12
    side meeting for U.S.-backed funds founded under EAI and TFCA.  Both
    meetings focused on opportunities for promoting public-private
    partnerships with the private sector and civil society.

    BUSINESSES AND ENVIRONMENT FUNDS SCOUT OUT COMMON GROUND
    --------------------------------------------- ------

    ¶3.  AID's TFCA/EAI coordinator Scott Lampman and Global Development
    Alliance coordinator Melanie Oliviero encouraged funds to
    contemplate relationships with the private sector and other
    non-traditional partners.  Such partnerships tap changing resource
    flows - the public funds/private resources ratio for financial flows
    shifted from 70/30 to 15/85 between 1970 and 2005.  A continuum of
    environmental fund services could include managing grants, revolving
    funds, loan guarantees, green investing, micro-credit, venture
    philanthropy and market-based exchanges.  To date, AID's GDA mounted
    600 alliances with 1,700 partners, leveraging USD 5.8 billion with
    an AID investment of USD 2.1 billion.  Funds can take advantage of
    "push" and "pull" factors that encourage the private sector to seek
    out cooperation.

    ¶4.  Risk is the chief "push" factor sparking private sector interest
    in environmental protection.  A World Business Council for
    Sustainable Development representative flagged water shortages,
    climate change, ocean overexploitation, and habitat and biodiversity
    loss as factors encouraging companies to measure and internalize
    environmental costs and benefits through cleaner production
    strategies (reducing costs by reducing inputs and wastes),
    environmental risk management processes, and triple accounting,
    which captures the industry bottom line with regard to finances,
    environment and social priorities.  The Dutch Fund for Nature
    Development's Ivo Mulder pointed to a growing interest among
    financial institutions to take into account biodiversity risks as
    businesses tap green market niches, face environmental due diligence
    concerns, and freshen their corporate image.  He cited incremental
    but groundbreaking techniques like Rabobank's scrutiny in lending of
    corporate social responsibility policies, Goldman Sach's use of
    biodiversity benchmarks, or Calvert's biodiversity criteria in
    casting proxy votes. (See www.biodiversityeconomics.org for
    "Biodiversity: The Next Challenge for Financial Institutions.")

    ¶5.  On the "pull" side, fund activities may complement core
    operations of private sector partners (as well as religious
    organizations, remittance senders, consumer organizations, and
    international organizations), enhancing workforce development and
    competitiveness; ensuring a sustainable supply of inputs; achieving
    a more secure business environment and promoting sound environmental
    practices; boosting local economic opportunities, creating jobs and
    stabilizing local society; and improving the company's image.  Funds
    can offer expertise in grant-making; build capacity among community
    partners; convene civil society; stimulate national dialogue; and
    measure results.  The Colombian EAI Fund, the Fund for Action on
    Environment and Childhood (Fondo para la Accion Ambiental y la Ninez
    - FPAA), explored a range of examples drawn from examples in Mexico,
    Brazil and Colombia to illustrate public-private partnerships from
    philanthropy (giving) through transactional (exchange of value) to
    integrative (joint planning) cooperation with civil society.

    ¶6.  Experiences explored in the course of the week included:

    --  EAI Peru (Fondo de las Americas Peru - FONDAM) entered into an
    agreement with Yanacocha Mining Company's to administer a
    state-mandated USD 31 million fund.   The deal boosted FONDAM's
    profile, honed its skills, stimulated confidence among other
    possible donors, and generated new resources.

    SAN JOSE 00002071  002 OF 004

    -- Peru's National Fund for Areas Protected by the State (Fondo
    Nacional Para Areas Protegidas por el Estado - PROFONANPE)
    highlighted its agreement with PlusPetrol Peruvian Corporation to
    establish a fund linked to the controversial establishment of a
    liquefied natural gas facility near Paracas National Park.  It will
    support implementation of a park master plan, science research,
    environmental education, and tourism.

    -- The Environmental Fund for Jamaica reviewed efforts to complement
    the EAI fund by recruiting partners like USAID or the UNDP GEF small
    grants program to support follow-on funding.  The Jamaican
    representative recommended educating the fund board about
    partnerships, cultivating the fund image, addressing the private
    sector in their own terms, and adding value by pinpointing
    appropriate grantees.

    --  El Salvador's SalvaNatura reviewed the evolution of its
    relationship with Shell, transforming a donor into a partner
    underwriting park management in El Imposible protected area and
    supporting TV shorts.  The relationship opened the door to Phillip
    Morris and Grupo El Roble support for further land purchases in
    protected areas.

    --  Salvadoran geothermal power producer LaGeo, whose scientific
    research defined reforestation and other mitigation priorities (risk
    reduction); whose community investment programs promoted workforce
    training and alternative crop promotion (improving labor quality);
    and whose outreach promoted environmental education and animal
    rescue centers (promoting the company image).

    --  Salvadoran hydro power producer CEL. Its social programs
    mitigated dam construction impact through relocation of people,
    promotion of new tourism activities and fish stock replenishment.
    It addressed risk by promoting wind and solar research, capturing
    carbon offsets and strengthening flood control and watershed
    management, and promoted cleaner production by harvesting
    soon-to-be-inundated vegetation in the dam basin.

    CREATING A SPLASH - A MARINE RESOURCES CASE STUDY
    -------------------------------------------

    ¶7.  USAID official Barbara Best discussed protection of Gulf of
    Honduras reefs through the Meso-American Reef Project (MAR), a
    USAID-United Nations Foundation partnership implemented by the
    International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN - itself a UNEP
    project in cooperation of 6 NGOs) and 300 institutions in Mexico,
    Belize, Guatemala and Honduras.  Over its life, MAR administered a
    USD 1.6 million fund that benefited 1,000 direct beneficiaries on
    watershed management, sustainable fisheries and sustainable tourism
    projects.  Best focused on the Honduran lobster fishery, which is
    allegedly exporting undersized lobster in El Salvador and Panama and
    is allegedly poaching lobster in Nicaraguan waters in a way that
    places its Nicaraguan divers at risk.  Given the lack of incentives
    for collaboration among Gulf of Honduras fishermen, support from
    major buyers proved more useful than working with producer
    organizations. In this case, donors helped broker dialogue between
    the private sector and NGOs by coordinating a common "request" from
    environmentalists to industry; guiding the integration of business
    and environment needs; and convoking dialogue.  Best cited various
    lessons learned, including:

    -   Alliances take time and can involve high transaction costs,
    steep leaning curves, and slow confidence -building among partners.
    --  Agreements with a trade association and a particular industry
    "champion" partner can encourage broader cooperation from other
    companies.
    --  Prospects for success grow when NGO personnel are familiar with
    the industry, when the project reduces risks to human health or
    environment, or when a sector seeks to implement international
    standards to meet the scrutiny of international markets.
    --  Consultative processes boost buy-in.  Voluntary codes of conduct
    can encourage more formal rule-making as participants subsequently
    seek level playing fields.
    --  Success is marked by continuing engagement after limited
    commitments have ended.

    ¶8.  The ALCOA Foundation, which promotes conservation and
    sustainability, global education, children's health, and community
    and business partnerships, provided further suggestions on
    approaching the private sector:
    --  Review prior projects funded by the private sector partner to
    ensure an understanding of its priorities.
    -- Describing proposed results in terms of outputs, short-term
    impact and long-term impact;
    --  Convey a project's strategy as a story and explain the onward
    strategy after funding runs out.

    SAN JOSE 00002071  003 OF 004

    BEST PRACTICES AND FUND GOVERNANCE
    ----------------------------------

    ¶9.  Organizers of two studies on financial management and
    administrative best practices sponsored requested cooperation of the
    REDLAC funds in conducting surveys.  REDLAC expressed full
    cooperation with the study and requested a partnership with the
    study sponsors.

    --  Daniel Sacaccardi presented a proposal by the Conservation
    Finance Alliance, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and Common Fund
    to survey environmental fund practices and performances in managing
    monies. The Financial Benchmarking study would produce a baseline
    for environmental fund financial management and compare general
    trends in the sector, allowing for individual funds to grade
    themselves and make adjustments accordingly.

    --  Barry Spergel and Philippe Taieb are commissioned by the
    Conservation Finance Alliance to test the assumptions of a 1999 GEF
    Report assumptions on conservation trust funds.  The exercise will
    identify administrative best practices, develop methodologies for
    measuring the biodiversity impact of such funds, and identify
    conditions for success.

    ¶10.  Lampman explored lessons learned during the evaluation process,
    encouraging funds to seek out new opportunities that fit their
    expertise.  These included updating strategic plans; developing
    fundraising strategies to offer services for or attract support from
    third parties; developing strategies to boost their profiles;
    rationalizing administrative costs, especially with regard to
    streamlining project awards or operational procedures; making use of
    new information technologies; and improving the measurement and
    reporting of impacts.  He considered the role of the Board,
    stressing the need to clarify areas of responsibility and ensure new
    board members are trained in Board operations.

    ABOUT REDLAC
    ------------

    ¶11.  The Network of Latin American and Caribbean Environmental Funds
    (Red de Fondos Ambientales de Latinoamerica y el Caribe - REDLAC)
    counts as members of 20 funds in 14 countries in order to share best
    practices, seek out financial mechanisms and facilitate civil
    society participation.  The funds manage US 836 million in sinking
    funds, endowments and revolving funds and have financed 10,000
    projects.  Participating funds included the Environmental Foundation
    of Jamaica; the Fondo para la Accion Ambiental y la Ninez (FPAA-
    Colombia); Fondo Patrimonio Mundial (Colombia); Fondo de la
    Iniciativa para las Americas (FIAES - El Salvadaor); Fundacion
    Proteccion y Uso Sostenible del Medio Ambiente (PUMA- Bolivia);
    Fundacion para el Desarrollo del Sistema Nacional de Areas
    Protegidas de Bolivia (FUNDESNAP-Bolivia);  Fondo del as Americas
    (Peru); Fondo Nacional para Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado
    (PROFONANPE - Peru); Protected Areas Conservation Trust
    (PACT-Belize); Fundacion Natura (Panama); Fideicomiso para la
    Conservacisn en Guatemala; Fundacion Vida (Honduras); Suriname
    Conservation Foundation; Fondo Ambiental Nacional (Ecuador); GEF
    Small Grants Program; Fondo Brasileno para la Biodiversidad
    (FUNBIO); Fondo Nacional del Medio Ambiente (FNMA - Brazil); Fondo
    Naconal para la Conservacisn de la Naturaleza (Guatemala); Fondo
    Mexicana para la Conservacisn de la Naturaleza (FMCN); and MAR.
    U.S.-supported funds from Bangladesh, Botswana, Costa Rica, Paraguay
    and the Philippines also participated.

    COMMENT:  LINKING FUND AND EMBASSY PRIORITIES
    ---------------------------------------------

    ¶12.  El Salvador's EAI/TFCA fund, FIAES, expressed an interest in
    leveraging its activities with opportunities available to Embassy
    San Salvador.  In El Salvador and elsewhere, EAI/TFCA funds can
    benefit from tools available to U.S. missions and provide public
    outreach opportunities.  REO recommends that Post ensure that
    EAI/TFCA boards are kept aware of Mission tools, public outreach
    opportunities, and project linkages.  EAI/TFCA projects are an
    excellent public outreach platform that can serve to educate Mission
    officials, bolster grassroots contacts, and burnish the U.S. image.
    Missions might consider using DVC facilities to encourage discussion
    between funds, government officials and/or U.S. experts to address
    key issues that Funds encounter as they carry out their work.  Funds
    may be a source for names of outstanding local leaders for IV and
    VOLVIS programs.  Other programs providing common ground may
    include:

    -- Embassy Science Fellow Program:  EAI/TFCA Funds may be grappling
    with science issues linked to prospecting, climate change
    mitigation, application of remote sensing information or geographic

    SAN JOSE 00002071  004 OF 004

    information systems, etc.  Posts may wish to consult with the
    EAI/TFCA funds whether the Embassy Science Fellow Program (reftel)
    could be a vehicle for making the technical expertise of a
    particular U.S. agency available to the Fund or its partners for an
    extended period of time.

    -- American Fellows Program (www.partners.net):  Managed by the NGO
    Partners of the Americas, the American Fellows Program offers to
    place a mid-level government official (city, provincial or regional)
    in a counterpart office for up to six months to work as part of that
    office's team - so long as the candidate speaks the language of the
    receiving country.  EAI/TFCA funds facing particular challenges in
    working with government partners may benefit from expertise derived
    from exposure to U.S. practices.

    --  Project GLOBE (www.globe.gov):  For countries with a Global
    Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment (Project GLOBE)
    Agreement, it might be possible to bolster Fund activities through a
    partnership with GLOBE schools.  The program could make available to
    the Funds GLOBE tools and techniques to monitor various parameters
    relevant to forest conservation.

    --  Earth Day(www.earthday.gov):  It is never too early to consider
    what public outreach activities could be linked to Earth Day,
    commemorated by the U.S. on April 22.  The EAI/TFCA Funds are a
    natural partner for commemorative events like arts, music or essay
    contests, field trips for partner schools, good news stories for the
    press, or similar activities.  Embassy inquiries of fund activities
    around April 22 might identify new opportunities to which Earth Day
    events can be linked.

    --  Site Visits:  Funds frequently have close ties with protected
    areas managers and community organizations with sustainable tourism
    or sustainable production components.  Visits to fund-supported
    activities could boost the morale of its partners, draw local
    attention to the difference U.S. support can make, and provides an
    opportunity to check that U.S. funds are being used properly.  CLOs
    might consider whether Embassy community members might be interested
    in supporting partner organizations by visiting protected lands or
    taking advantage of recreational activities organized by EAI/TFCA
    Fund partners.  Commissaries might consider carrying crafts or foods
    prepared by Fund partners and beneficiaries.  Post recognition
    boosts the standing of the Funds and its partners and emphasizes the
    grass-roots benefits of U.S. support for host countries.  End
    comment.

    LANGDALE

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