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### Viewing cable 08BOGOTA4083, COLOMBIAN COUNTERPROPOSAL TO U.S. DEFENSE

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
08BOGOTA4083 | 2008-11-12 16:04 | 2010-12-18 21:09 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Bogota

`

    VZCZCXYZ0023
    PP RUEHWEB

    DE RUEHBO #4083/01 3171605
    ZNY CCCCC ZZH
    P 121605Z NOV 08
    FM AMEMBASSY BOGOTA
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 5535
    INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA PRIORITY 8485
    RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS PRIORITY 1307
    RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA PRIORITY 6724
    RUEHZP/AMEMBASSY PANAMA PRIORITY 2629
    RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO PRIORITY 7419
    RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC PRIORITY
    RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC PRIORITY
    RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC PRIORITY
    RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC PRIORITY
    RHMFIUU/FBI WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
    RHMFISS/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL PRIORITY

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L BOGOTA 004083

    SIPDIS

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/12/2018
    TAGS: PGOV PREL MARR PREF PTER MASS CO
    SUBJECT: COLOMBIAN COUNTERPROPOSAL TO U.S. DEFENSE
    COOPERATION AGREEMENT

    Classified By: Ambassador William R. Brownfield
    Reasons 1.4 (b and d)

    ¶1. (U) This is an Action Request. See paragraph 5.

    SUMMARY
    -------
    ¶2. (C) On October 23 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
    Government of Colombia (GOC) delivered its official response
    to Embassy Bogota on the Defense Cooperation Agreement text
    that we proposed on August 13. The GOC counterproposal is
    generally consistent with prior GOC statements that any
    agreement should: 1) avoid the use of the word "base;" 2)
    place the agreement under the umbrella of existing bilateral
    and multilateral accords to avoid the need for Colombian
    congressional approval; and 3) provide U.S. security
    assurances to the GOC as a "quid pro quo" for access rights.
    Post has identified several problematic issues in the GOC
    counterproposal, together with possible solutions that would
    address our concerns while meeting GOC needs. Post requests
    that the Department consider sending a technical negotiating
    team to Bogota in the near future to begin formal
    negotiations. An official translation of the GOC's
    counterproposal is included in paragraph 6. End Summary.

    DRAFT CONSISTENT WITH GOC COMMENTS
    ----------------------------------
    ¶3. (C) The GOC's October 23 counterproposal is generally
    consistent with remarks made to the Ambassador and other
    senior Embassy officials by President Uribe, Defense Minister
    Santos, and Foreign Minister Bermudez. These senior GOC
    officials have said the proposed agreement should avoid the
    use of the word "base," should be linked to earlier bilateral
    and multilateral agreements to avoid the need for Colombian
    congressional approval, and should provide U.S. security
    assurances to the GOC as a "quid pro quo" for access rights.
    President Uribe has also said he would like to conclude an
    agreement before the end of the year.

    EMBASSY COMMENTS TO GOC DRAFT
    -----------------------------
    ¶4. (C) Post believes it is important that in negotiating this
    agreement with the GOC, we seek language that addresses our
    concerns while being as responsive to the GOC's needs as
    possible. In this context, Post has identified the following
    issues with the GOC counterproposal--as well as possible
    solutions--that will need to be addressed:

    ISSUE ONE: The GOC has included within the agreement's
    preamble references to numerous existing bilateral and
    multilateral agreements. The title has also been changed
    from "Defense Cooperation Agreement" to "Supplemental
    Agreement for Cooperation and Technical Assistance," in order
    to place it under the umbrella of existing bilateral accords.
    These edits are consistent with the GOC's goal of avoiding
    the need for Colombian congressional approval. The changes
    would also make it easier for the GOC to sell the agreement
    to the Colombian public and the region as simply an extension
    of our existing cooperation, rather than as a major
    escalation in U.S. engagement. COMMENT: Post believes that
    tying the agreement to existing bilateral and multilateral
    agreements does not impact U.S. interests and is important to
    the GOC's capacity to conclude an accord. If we can get the
    access and authorities we need by changing the title, we
    recommend changing the title.

    ISSUE TWO: The GOC-proposed Article III states that the
    parties "agree to" undertake a number of measures to increase
    cooperation and technical military cooperation in order to
    "confront common threats to peace and stability." COMMENT:
    To limit a possible open-ended U.S. security commitment under
    this provision, Post suggests that we insert a less binding
    verb such as "agree to study" or "agree to consider" in place
    of "agree to."

    ISSUE THREE: The GOC draft of the second paragraph of
    Article IV provides that the U.S. "guarantee rapid and direct
    access" to the GOC of "goods and services necessary to
    address "threats to its national security." COMMENT: To
    avoid U.S. material being used in a potential regional
    conflict, Post suggests that this language be amended to

    require that both the U.S. and Colombia need to agree on what
    constitutes "threats to its national emergency," thus
    effectively granting us a veto over the use of any U.S.
    "goods or services" under this provision.

    ISSUE FOUR: The GOC draft of the third paragraph of Article
    IV provides that within two years of signing the agreement,
    the U.S. shall install and make operational "comprehensive
    aerial defense systems" in order to provide necessary
    security on the "agreed facilities and others of strategic
    value for purposes," which systems shall transfer "free of
    charge" to the GOC at the conclusion of the agreement. This
    provision is clearly aimed at external threats, particularly
    Venezuela. COMMENT: Post believes the GOC does not
    appreciate the cost and scope entailed in building an
    integrated air defense system, which could cost billions of
    dollars and take years to develop. Post recognizes that the
    proposed GOC language is unacceptable, and suggests that we
    try to remove the provision from the agreement and deal with
    it in the context of other bilateral discussions. If the GOC
    insists on its inclusion, we propose a two-track approach in
    which the U.S. would "commit to assess the operational
    requirement for comprehensive air defense systems for use and
    operation by the GOC," coupled with language in which the
    U.S. would "commit to provide for the protection of USG
    aircraft and personnel" (but not installations) in the event
    of a threat to these assets. The latter provision should be
    drafted to allow for all possible responses to protect USG
    assets, including the withdrawal of such assets from Colombia
    if necessary. Finally, we should begin to consider quietly
    whether we would be prepared to provide some air defense
    equipment to Colombia should that be the price of a DCA.

    ISSUE FIVE: The GOC has deleted the status of armed forces
    (SOFA) language that we proposed. Instead, Article VI of the
    GOC draft links privileges and immunities (P&I) to the 1974
    agreement titled "Agreement Between the Government of the
    United States of America and the Government of the Republic
    of Colombia Concerning an Army Mission, a Naval Mission and
    an Air Force Mission of the United States of America Armed
    Forces in the Republic of Colombia" (commonly known as the
    "1974 Agreement"). This again reflects the GOC's desire to
    link to earlier agreements in an effort to avoid the need for
    a Colombian congressional vote. COMMENT: The wording of
    Article VI and the 1974 Agreement will need to be reviewed
    carefully by technical experts, but Post believes that the
    GOC approach represents an acceptable way forward. The
    provisions in the 1974 Agreement--which also links to an
    earlier 1962 bilateral accord--appear to provide technical
    and administrative P&I to USG personnel, and as such would
    meet the P&I needs provided for in our draft agreement.

    ISSUE SIX: Post proposes insertion of a new clause in
    Article XVII wherein the parties would commit to sign a
    technical Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) within 60 days of
    signing the underlying agreement. The MOU would address more
    detailed operational issues, thereby facilitating rapid and
    seamless implementation of the underlying agreement.

    ¶5. (C) Action Request. Post requests that the Department
    consider sending a technical negotiating team to Bogota in
    the near future to begin formal negotiations.

    OFFICIAL TRANSLATION OF GOC TEXT
    --------------------------------
    ¶6. (U) An official translation of the GOC counterproposal
    follows, provided by U.S. Department of State, Office of
    Language Services, Translating Division:

    Republic of Colombia
    Ministry of Foreign Relations

    The Ministry of Foreign Relations presents its compliments to
    the Embassy of the United States of America and refers to its
    note verbale No. 2349 of August 13, 2008, which includes a
    proposal for a defense cooperation agreement.

    In this regard, the Government of Colombia attaches hereto
    its counterproposal entitled "Supplemental Agreement for
    Cooperation and Technical Assistance between the Governments
    of the Republic of Colombia and of the United States of

    America."

    (Complimentary close)
    Bogota, D.C., October 21, 2008

    Embassy of the United States of America, Bogota. LS No.
    10-2009-0340-B.

    SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT FOR COOPERATION AND TECHNICAL
    ASSISTANCE BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF
    COLOMBIA AND OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

    The Government of the Republic of Colombia ("Colombia") and
    the Government of the United States of America ("the United
    States"), hereinafter referred to collectively as "the
    Parties" and singularly as "the Party":

    In the framework of the General Agreement for Economic,
    Technical, and Related Assistance between the Government of
    the United States and the Government of the Republic of
    Colombia, signed in 1962 ("the 1962 Agreement"); the
    Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Colombia
    and the Government of the United States of America concerning
    an Army Mission, a Naval Mission, and an Air Force Mission of
    the United States of America Armed Forces, signed in 1974;
    the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in
    Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988); the United
    Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
    (2000); the conventions on the fight against terrorist
    activities signed within the framework of the United Nations
    and the Organization of American States, to wit: the
    Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against
    Internationally Protected Persons, Including Diplomatic
    Agents, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on
    December 14, 1973; the International Convention against the
    Taking of Hostages, adopted by the UN General Assembly on
    December 17, 1979; the International Convention on the
    Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, adopted by the UN General
    Assembly on December 15, 1997; the International Convention
    for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism of December
    9, 1999; the Convention to Prevent and Punish Acts of
    Terrorism Taking the Form of Crimes against Persons and
    Related Extortion that are of International Significance
    (1971); the Protocol on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of
    Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation,
    supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of
    Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation of
    September 23, 1971, signed at Montreal on February 24, 1988;
    the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed
    on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on September 14, 1963; the
    Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of
    Aircraft, signed at the Hague on December 16, 1970; the
    Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the
    Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on September 23,
    1971; and the Inter-American Convention against Terrorism,
    adopted at Bridgetown, Barbados, on June 3, 2002, to which
    both States are party, and United Nations Security Council
    Resolution No. 1373 of 2001;

    Observing that the Annex to the General Agreement for
    Economic, Technical, and Related Assistance between the
    Government of the United States of America and the Government
    of the Republic of Colombia, signed in 2004, establishes a
    bilateral narcotics control program, including a
    comprehensive program to counter drug trafficking, terrorist
    activities, and other threats to the national security of the
    Republic of Colombia;

    Noting the Memorandum of Understanding for a Strategic
    Security Relationship to Promote Cooperation between the
    Governments of the Republic of Colombia and of the United
    States of America of March 14, 2007;

    Noting the record of bilateral cooperation to counteract
    persistent threats to peace and stability, such as terrorism,
    the global drug problem, organized transnational crime, and
    the proliferation of small and light weapons;

    Recognizing the importance of strengthening the
    interoperability of the Armed Forces of Colombia by
    increasing their capacity to cooperate with foreign and

    multinational military forces in the areas of communications,
    technology, logistics, procedures, and military doctrine;

    Noting the work carried out by the Colombia-United States
    Defense Bilateral Working Group and its Steering Committee
    over the past several years;

    Recognizing the need to strengthen the strategic security
    relationship between the two States, foster closer bilateral
    defense and security cooperation, and address common threats
    to peace, stability, freedom, and democracy;

    Affirming that this strategic relationship of security and
    technical cooperation is based upon full respect for the
    sovereignty of each Party and the purposes and principles of
    the United Nations Charter;

    HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

    Article I
    Definitions
    For purposes of this Agreement:
    (a) "Civilian personnel" means civilian employees of or
    persons formally assigned to the United States Department of
    Defense who are in Colombia to carry out activities under
    this Agreement and civilian employees of other United States
    Government departments and agencies who are present in
    Colombia in direct support of a United States Department of
    Defense mission in connection with activities under this
    Agreement.
    (b) "Military personnel" means members of the United States
    Armed Forces who are in Colombia to carry out activities
    under this Agreement.
    (c) "United States personnel" means United States military
    and civilian personnel who are in Colombia to carry out
    activities under this Agreement.
    (d) "United States contractors" means a natural person or
    legal entity that has entered into a contract with the United
    States Department of Defense to provide goods and services
    for activities carried out under this Agreement.
    (e) "United States contractor employees" means individuals
    who are employed by a United States contractor for activities
    under this Agreement.
    (f) "Aircraft riders" means representatives of the Republic
    of Colombia or third-party States who, once authorized by the
    Government of Colombia and by invitation from the Government
    of the United States of America, participate as observers in
    aerial missions in connection with this Agreement.
    (g) "Agreed facilities" means those sites, facilities,
    structures, and locations to which the United States
    Government is authorized access and use by the Government of
    Colombia in connection with activities under this Agreement.
    (h) "Executive Agents" means the Ministry of Defense for
    Colombia and the Department of Defense for the United States.
    (i) "Dependents" means spouses, children, and relatives
    forming part of the household of United States personnel and
    who are present in the territory of Colombia in connection
    with activities under this Agreement.

    Article II
    Bilateral Defense Consultations
    The Parties agree to continue bilateral defense consultations
    through the Colombia-United States Defense Bilateral Working
    Group (BWG) to further the strategic relationship between the
    two States.

    Article III
    Goal of Cooperation
    The Parties, in accordance with their bilateral and
    multilateral agreements currently in force, and subject to
    the legal system of each, agree to increase cooperation and
    technical-military assistance with a view to increasing
    interoperability; improving joint procedures; strengthening
    logistical assistance; expanding the scope of training and
    instruction; scaling up exchanges of intelligence, equipment,
    experiences, and knowledge; conducting joint military
    exercises; and carrying out all necessary activities to
    comply with the provisions of the aforementioned agreements,
    in order to address common threats to peace and stability,
    within the framework of international law.

    All technical military assistance and activities within
    Colombian territory shall be subject to authorization and
    oversight by the appropriate Colombian Government
    authorities, not to exceed the provisions established in
    bilateral and multilateral cooperation agreements and
    treaties signed by the Parties, or Colombian regulations.

    Specifically, no provision of this Agreement shall modify the
    provisions set forth in the Maritime Interdiction Agreement
    or in the Agreement (between the Government of the United
    States of America and the Government of the Republic of
    Colombia) concerning the Program for the Suppression of
    Illicit Aerial Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
    Substances (Air Bridge Denial).

    The Parties shall comply with their obligations under this
    Agreement in a manner consistent with the principles of
    sovereign equality, territorial integrity, and
    non-intervention in the internal affairs of other States.

    One Party shall not exercise in the territory of the other,
    any responsibility or task reserved exclusively for its own
    authorities in accordance with its domestic law.

    Article IV
    Access to and Use of Agreed Facilities
    For the purposes established in Article III hereof, the
    Government of Colombia, subject to its domestic law, agrees
    to grant the United States access to and use of its
    facilities at German Olano Moreno Air Base, Palanquero; the
    Alberto Pawells Rodrguez Air Base, Malambo; the Capitan Luis
    Fernando Gmez Nino Air Base, Apiay; and other official
    facilities as agreed upon by the Parties.

    The Government of the United States shall guarantee the
    Government of Colombia rapid and direct access to any goods
    and services necessary to confront threats to its national
    security, by means of logistical and storage systems agreed
    upon by the Executive Agents.

    Moreover, the Government of the United States agrees to
    install and make operational comprehensive aerial defense
    systems for use and operation by Colombian authorities,
    within a period of no more than two years from the date of
    signature of this Agreement, so as to provide the necessary
    security to the agreed facilities and others of strategic
    value for purposes of ensuring national security, and to
    transfer these systems to the Government of Colombia free of
    charge upon termination of this Agreement.

    The access described in the first paragraph of this Article
    shall be granted to United States contractors, United States
    contractor employees, and official aircraft riders, ships,
    aircraft, and vehicles upon compliance with the security
    protocols established by the Executive Agents for such
    purpose.

    Article V
    Respect for Domestic Law
    United States personnel, their dependents, contractors,
    contractor employees, and aerial riders shall respect
    Colombian law and shall abstain from any activity
    incompatible with such law and this Agreement.

    Article VI
    Privileges and Immunities
    ¶1. United States personnel present in Colombia by virtue of
    this Agreement shall be part of the diplomatic mission of the
    Government of the United States of America in Colombia and
    shall enjoy the privileges and immunities established in the
    (General) Agreement for Economic, Technical, and Related
    Assistance between the Government of the United States of
    America and the Government of the Republic of Colombia of
    1962; and the Agreement between the Government of the
    Republic of Colombia and the Government of the United States
    of America concerning an Army Mission, a Naval Mission, and
    an Air Force Mission of the United States of America Armed
    Forces, signed in 1974, for personnel of equal rank.
    ¶2. The appropriate United States authorities shall give
    favorable consideration to any request to renounce immunity
    in cases considered to be of special importance by Colombian

    authorities.
    ¶3. Colombian authorities agree to assist with immigration
    procedures to facilitate the entry into and exit from
    Colombia of United States personnel, their dependents,
    contractors, contract employees, and aircraft riders who
    enter and exit Colombia to carry out activities under this
    Agreement.
    ¶4. Pursuant to Article IV of the 1962 Agreement, any goods
    used under this Agreement by the Government of the United
    States or by United States contractors shall be exempted from
    the payment of property and use taxes and any other duty,
    including taxes, tariffs, customs duties, or similar charges
    associated with the import, export, purchase, use, or
    disposition of such goods.
    ¶5. Pursuant to Article IV of the 1962 Agreement, United
    States personnel, with the exception of Colombian citizens or
    other permanent residents of Colombia, shall be exempt from
    the payment of income and social security taxes under
    Colombian law; and from taxes on sales, property, use, or
    disposition of personal property, including automobiles for
    personal use. Such personnel and their family members shall
    receive the same treatment concerning the payment of customs
    duties, and those levied on the import or export of personal
    goods, including automobiles imported into Colombia for
    personal use, as that granted by the Government of Colombia
    to diplomatic personnel of the United States Embassy in
    Colombia.
    ¶6. The Government of Colombia shall accord the import regime
    it considers most expeditious to goods imported under this
    Agreement.

    Article VII
    Land Ownership and Use
    ¶1. The authorities of Colombia shall, without charging
    rental or similar costs, allow access to the agreed
    facilities in accordance with the provisions of Article IV
    hereof, as well as to easements and rights of way owned by
    Colombia that are necessary to facilitate the activities
    under this Agreement, including agreed construction. The
    United States shall cover all necessary operations and
    maintenance expenses associated with the use of agreed
    facilities.
    ¶2. Colombia shall retain the right of ownership of, and
    title to, agreed facilities, including buildings,
    non-relocatable structures, and assemblies connected to the
    soil. Permanent buildings, non-relocatable structures, and
    assemblies constructed by the United States shall be for the
    use of the United States unless otherwise agreed by the
    Executive Agents. The Parties shall have access, pursuant to
    the security protocols established by the Executive Agents,
    to the agreed facilities, and to the permanent buildings,
    non-relocatable structures, and assemblies constructed by the
    United States.
    ¶3. At the termination of use of any agreed facility or
    portion thereof, including those constructed, improved,
    modified, or repaired in connection with this Agreement, the
    United States shall, after due consultation between the
    Parties, transfer such facilities to Colombia in "as is"
    condition. The United States shall incur no expense for such
    return. The United States shall not be obliged to remove any
    facilities, buildings, or improvements thereto that have been
    constructed with its own funds, unless such an obligation was
    stipulated by Colombia at the time of construction.

    Article VIII
    Construction
    New construction, improvements, or modifications to the
    agreed facilities under this Agreement shall require the
    authorization of the Executive Agent of Colombia.
    The Executive Agent of the Government of Colombia shall be
    responsible for facilitating the permits and/or licenses
    required by the appropriate authorities of the Republic of
    Colombia. The costs of local licenses, permits, or taxes
    associated with the facilities shall be paid pursuant to
    agreement reached among the Executive Agents for each case.

    Article IX
    Utilities
    The United States and United States contractors may use
    water, electricity, and other public utilities and services
    for construction, improvement, and use of the agreed

    facilities in connection with activities under this
    Agreement. The United States and United States contractors
    shall pay the legally established rates for utilities
    requested and received.

    Article X
    Administrative Facilitation
    The United States, United States personnel, United States
    contractors, and United States contractor employees, acting
    in connection with activities directly related to this
    Agreement, shall receive from Colombian authorities all
    necessary cooperation with regard to the prompt processing of
    all administrative procedures.

    Article XI
    Uniforms and Weapons
    The use of uniforms for United States military personnel is
    governed by Article 8 of the Agreement between the Government
    of the Republic of Colombia and the Government of the United
    States of America concerning an Army Mission, a Naval
    Mission, and an Air Force Mission of the United States of
    America Armed Forces, signed in 1974.
    In the facilities agreed upon by the Parties, United States
    military personnel are authorized to wear uniforms and to
    carry United States government weapons while on duty, in
    accordance with Colombian regulations.

    Article XII
    Security
    Colombian authorities are responsible for the oversight and
    physical security of the agreed facilities. The authorities
    of Colombia and the United States shall consult each other
    and take such steps as may be necessary to ensure the
    security of United States personnel, dependents, United
    States contractors, United States contractor employees, and
    United States property.

    Article XIII
    Insurance Policies and Claims
    Without prejudice to any legal action or the obligation of
    the Government of the United States to secure insurance
    policies that guarantee compensation for any damages that may
    be caused by United States personnel, claims filed for
    damages, injury, or loss caused by such personnel may be
    filed, evaluated, and, where appropriate, resolved in favor
    of the complainant by the Government of the United States, in
    accordance with its laws and regulations, and with
    international law. With respect to the foregoing, the
    Government of Colombia does not waive any rights it may have
    under international law to file claims against the Government
    of the United States through diplomatic channels.

    Article XIV
    Environment, Health, and Safety
    The Parties agree to implement this Agreement in a manner
    consistent with the protection of the natural environment and
    human health. The United States confirms its commitment to
    respect relevant Colombian environmental and health laws,
    regulations, and standards in the implementation of this
    Agreement.

    Article XV
    Facilitation of Aircraft Riders
    Upon securing authorization from Colombian authorities, the
    United States shall facilitate the stay of third-country
    aircraft riders at the agreed facilities.

    Article XVI
    Resolution of Disagreements
    Any disagreement that may arise from the interpretation of
    this Agreement, or its implementing arrangements, shall be
    settled through consultation between the Parties, including,
    as necessary, through diplomatic channels, and shall not be
    referred to any national or international arbitration court
    or tribunal, or similar body, nor to any third party for
    settlement. No provision of this Agreement may be
    interpreted in a manner that contradicts Colombian law.

    Article XVII
    Implementation and Amendment
    ¶1. The Executive Agents shall enter into the implementing

    arrangements as necessary to carry out the provisions of this
    Agreement.
    ¶2. In a spirit of close cooperation, the Executive Agents
    shall consult each other regularly with a view to ensuring
    satisfactory implementation of and compliance with the
    provisions of this Agreement. When reviewing activities
    under this Agreement, the Parties shall evaluate such
    activities in terms of, inter alia, shared benefits and
    responsibilities.
    ¶3. Either Party may request consultations with a view to
    amending the present Agreement. Any amendment to the present
    Agreement shall be made in writing.
    ¶4. This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature.
    ¶5. This Agreement shall remain in force for a period of ten
    years. In order to extend this Agreement, the Parties shall
    determine the conditions for its extension one year prior to
    its expiration date.
    ¶6. Either of the Parties may terminate this Agreement by
    means of written notification through diplomatic channels
    with one year of advance notice.

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have signed this
    Agreement in the English and Spanish languages, both texts
    being equally authentic.
    DONE at , on this day of , 20 .

    End of official translation.
    BROWNFIELD

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