Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 09BEIJING3128, PORTRAIT OF VICE PRESIDENT XI JINPING: "AMBITIOUS
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #09BEIJING3128.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09BEIJING3128 | 2009-11-16 12:20 | 2010-12-28 21:30 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Beijing |
VZCZCXRO9016
OO RUEHCN RUEHGH RUEHVC
DE RUEHBJ #3128/01 3201220
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
O 161220Z NOV 09
FM AMEMBASSY BEIJING
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6865
INFO RUEHOO/CHINA POSTS COLLECTIVE
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 06 BEIJING 003128
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: DECL: 11/16/2034
TAGS: PGOV PINR PREL CH TW
SUBJECT: PORTRAIT OF VICE PRESIDENT XI JINPING: "AMBITIOUS
SURVIVOR" OF THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Classified By: Political Minister Counselor Aubrey Carlson. Reasons 1.
4 (b/d).
Summary
-------
¶1. (C) According to a well connected Embassy contact,
Politburo Standing Committee Member and Vice President Xi
Jinping is "exceptionally ambitious," confident and focused,
and has had his "eye on the prize" from early adulthood.
Unlike many youth who "made up for lost time by having fun"
after the Cultural Revolution, Xi "chose to survive by
becoming redder than the red." He joined the Party and began
mapping out a career plan that would take him to the top of
the system. In our contact's view, Xi is supremely pragmatic
and a realist, driven not by ideology but by a combination of
ambition and "self-protection." Xi is a true "elitist" at
heart, according to our contact, believing that rule by a
dedicated and committed Communist Party leadership is the key
to enduring social stability and national strength. The most
permanent influences shaping Xi's worldview were his
"princeling" pedigree and formative years growing up with
families of first-generation CCP revolutionaries in Beijing's
exclusive residential compounds. Our contact is convinced
that Xi has a genuine sense of "entitlement," believing that
members of his generation are the "legitimate heirs" to the
revolutionary achievements of their parents and therefore
"deserve to rule China."
¶2. (C) Xi is not corrupt and does not care about money, but
could be "corrupted by power," in our contact's view. Xi at
one point early in his career was quite taken with Buddhist
mysticism, displaying a fascination with (and knowledge of)
Buddhist martial arts and mystical powers said to aid health.
The contact stated that Xi is very familiar with the West,
including the United States, and has a favorable outlook
toward the United States. He also understands Taiwan and the
Taiwan people from his long tenure as an official in Fujian
Province. End Summary.
Introduction
------------
¶3. (C) A longtime Embassy contact and former close friend of
Politburo Standing Committee Member and Vice President Xi
Jinping has shared with PolOff his first-hand knowledge of
Xi's family background, upbringing, early adulthood, and
political career, as well as his impressions and assessments
of Xi's personality and political views. The information was
acquired in multiple conversations over a two-year period
2007-2009. The contact is an American citizen of Chinese
descent who teaches political science at XXXXXXXXXXXX "
Fifteen-Year Relationship with Xi
---------------------------------
¶4. (C) XXXXXXXXXXXX and Xi Jinping were
both born in 1953 and grew up in similar circumstances.
According to the professor, they lived with other sons and
daughters of China's first-generation revolutionaries in the
senior leaders' compounds in Beijing and were groomed to
become China's ruling elite. The professor did not know Xi
personally until they had both reached their late teens, when
the professor began to hear about Xi from the professor's
best friend, XXXXXXXXXXXX, who was later sent to the
same village as Xi in Shaanxi province during the Cultural
Revolution. (Note: According to the professor, Zhou
Sanhua's father was a former editor-in-chief of the People's
Liberation Army (PLA) Daily.) By the time the professor and
Xi had returned separately from the countryside, they had
come to know each other personally, initially through Zhou
Sanhua's introduction, and maintained a relationship for the
next 15 years (ca. 1972 to 1987), even though their lives and
careers took markedly different paths.
Revolutionary Fathers
---------------------
¶5. (C) Xi's father, Xi Zhongxun, was a communist guerilla
leader in northwest China in the 1930s, when Mao and the CCP
leaders reached Yan'an at the end of the Long March. Xi
Zhongxun was one of the few local leaders to survive later
purges, siding with the Mao Zedong faction and rising quickly
through Party ranks to become a Vice Premier in the 1950s
while still in his thirties. According to the professor, Xi
Zhongxun was the youngest Vice Premier among the early
generation of CCP leaders. Despite his association with
Mao's group, said the professor, Xi Zhongxun was also "good
friends" with Deng Xiaoping and was "actually closer to Deng
than to Mao."
BEIJING 00003128 002 OF 006
¶6. (C) The professor's father was also an early revolutionary
and contemporary of Mao, from a neighboring county to Mao's
in Hunan province. The professor's father participated in
the revolution periodically but also spent time in Japan and
Hong Kong, distinguishing himself as a labor leader. In
1949, according to the professor, his father agreed to return
to Beijing at Mao's insistence and became the PRC's first
Minister of Labor and a member of the first Chinese People's
Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) Standing Committee.
¶7. (C) Despite Communist Party rhetoric regarding the
creation of a "classless" society, the professor described,
the pre-Cultural Revolution society and leadership compounds
in which he and Xi Jinping grew up were, ironically, the
"most precisely class-based mini-society ever constructed."
Everything was determined by one's "internal party class
status," the professor asserted, including the kindergarten
one attended, the place where one shopped, and the type of
car one could own. All of these "benefits" were determined
by Party rank, such as Politburo Standing Committee member,
Vice Minister, or Central Committee member. One's every
action, every day, was in some way an indication of one's
"class" status, the professor stated. The children of this
revolutionary elite were told that they, too, would someday
take their rightful place in the Chinese leadership. All of
this came to an end in the Cultural Revolution, the professor
said, but consciousness of membership in an entitled, elite
generation of future rulers has remained among most of the
members of this class.
Cultural Revolution and Return to Beijing
-----------------------------------------
¶8. (C) Both Xi Zhongxun and the professor's father were
purged during the Cultural Revolution and spent time in
prison, according to the professor. (Note: Xi Zhongxun was
purged in the early 1960s, several years before the Cultural
Revolution began, but things got worse for him and his family
once the Cultural Revolution started.) The professor's
father was falsely accused of supporting Liu Shaoqi and spent
most of the Cultural Revolution years (1966-1976) in prison.
Both Xi Zhongxun and the professor's father were later
rehabilitated when Deng Xiaoping returned to power. Xi was
rehabilitated by Deng in 1978 and was appointed by Deng as
Party Secretary in Guangdong in the 1980s.
¶9. (C) In the early 1970s, the circle of youthful friends,
including Xi Jinping and the professor, managed to return to
Beijing from the countryside. The professor described
themselves as "fugitives" of one kind or another. The
professor himself served prison time and spent "years on the
run" due to his father's status as a "counter-revolutionary."
At this time, the professor said, he knew Xi, but they did
not spend a great deal of time together.
¶10. (C) The professor said that he and others found
dramatically different ways to "survive" the aftermath of the
Cultural Revolution. While the professor and his closest
circle of friends descended into the pursuit of romantic
relationships, drink, movies and Western literature as a
release from the hardships of the time, Xi Jinping, by
contrast "chose to survive by becoming redder than the red."
(Note: The professor commented that, in a continuation of
his attempt to deal with the Cultural Revolution, the
professor eventually decided to "flee" China and pursue
graduate study -- and a new life -- in the United States.)
Unlike the professor and others who shared his Cultural
Revolution experience in rural villages, Xi turned to serious
politics upon his return to Beijing, joining the CCP in 1974
while his father was still in prison. The professor and his
friends were reading DeGaulle and Nixon and "trying to catch
up for lost years by having fun," while Xi was reading Marx
and laying the foundation for a career in politics. Xi even
went off to join a "worker-peasant-soldier revolutionary
committee" (note: a label given provincial governing units
during the Cultural Revolution), after which the professor
had presumed he would never see Xi again. It was an "open
secret," the professor said, that it was through the
"worker-peasant-soldier revolutionary committee" that Xi got
his "bachelor's education." The professor said Xi's first
degree was not a "real" university education, but instead a
three-year degree in applied Marxism. (Note: Xi's official
biography provides no information on Xi between his
assignment to Yanchuan county, Shaanxi province, in 1969, and
1975, when, it states, he became a student at Tsinghua
University, graduating in 1979.)
Neighbors, 1977-1982
--------------------
BEIJING 00003128 003 OF 006
¶11. (C) When Xi and the professor's fathers were
rehabilitated following the Cultural Revolution, the
professor said, their respective families were relocated to
the "Nanshagou" housing compound in western Beijing, directly
across from Diaoyutai. The professor opened his Nanshagou
apartment door one day in 1977 and there was Xi, standing
across the hall from him. The two friends lived directly
across from one another and, the professor said, talked
almost daily for the next five years. Xi became a PLA
officer "and wore his uniform every day," while the professor
became a student at Beijing Shifan Daxue (Beijing Normal
University). There were many prominent leaders in Nanshagou,
including Wang Daohan, Jiang Zemin's mentor. Jiang
frequently rode his bike there, and Jia Qinglin (currently
Politburo Standing Committee member) also had a connection to
Wang from that time, the professor said.
Sporadic Contact, 1982-1987
---------------------------
¶12. (C) From 1982 to 1987, the professor only saw Xi
periodically, most memorably during a visit to Xiamen in the
mid-1980s, where Xi was serving as a local official, and in
1987 when Xi visited the professor in Washington, D.C. In
Xiamen, Xi treated the professor like royalty, but they did
not spend much time together during the professor's visit
there, and Xi said very little of substance. The professor,
in turn, hosted Xi in Washington, D.C., where the professor
was a graduate student. Xi's 1987 visit to the United States
was the last time the two men met face to face. The last
time the professor spoke with Xi was when his father, Xi
Zhongxun, passed away several years ago, at which time the
two spoke briefly over the phone when the professor called to
offer his condolences. Xi was serving as the Party Secretary
of Zhejiang Province at the time.
Xi's Family
-----------
¶13. (C) Xi was the middle child in a family of three children
that included an older sister and a younger brother, all of
whom were apparently from his father's second marriage,
according to the professor. Xi's older sister, Xi An'an, at
some point left China for Canada, and as far as the professor
knows, still resides there. Xi An'an's husband was in the
PLA, the professor said. Xi's younger brother, Xi Yuanping,
moved to Hong Kong when it was under British rule. The last
time the professor saw Xi Yuanping was in the 1980s, at a
time when Xi's father Xi Zhongxun was still Party Secretary
in Guangdong province. The brother had become both obese and
very wealthy, the professor said, sporting "expensive jewelry
and designer clothing." The professor has lost contact with
him since. (Note: Unofficial biographies published in Hong
Kong claim Xi had other siblings as well.)
Marriage and Divorce
--------------------
¶14. (C) Xi Jinping's first marriage was to Ke Xiaoming, the
daughter of China's 1978-1983 ambassador to Great Britain, Ke
Hua. According to the professor, Ke Xiaoming was elegant and
well educated. The couple initially lived with Xi's parents
in the Nanshagou housing compound, but as his father's
political fortunes rose, his parents moved to a new house in
"East" Beijing, near the Drum Tower and close to the houses
of Deng Xiaoping and Yang Shangkun, leaving the young couple
to themselves in the Nanshagou apartment. The couple fought
"almost every day," the professor said, and the marriage
ended when Ke Xiaoming returned to England and Xi refused to
go with her. The professor remarked that he thought Xi's
"distant" quality contributed to the couple's divorce. He
noted that he had watched Xi "drift" further and further from
Ke Xiaoming, until she finally left for England. There was,
"of course," no way that Xi would go with her, the professor
said. Xi later married a famous PLA singer.
Xi's Early Career: Single-Minded Pursuit of Power
--------------------------------------------- -----
¶15. (C) According to the professor, Xi was always
"exceptionally ambitious" and had his "eye on the prize" from
the very beginning. Once Xi had returned from his education
in the worker-soldier-peasant revolutionary committee, he
carefully laid out a career plan that would maximize his
opportunities to rise to the top levels of the Party
hierarchy, first becoming a PLA officer in the late 1970s and
then serving in a variety of provincial leadership positions,
progressively rising through the ranks. By 1979, Xi was on
the staffs of the State Council and the Central Military
Commission (CMC), serving as an assistant to the CMC
Secretary General and later Minister of National Defense
BEIJING 00003128 004 OF 006
(1982), General Geng Biao, a revolutionary comrade of his
father's. The professor said he had the impression that Geng
Biao had helped Xi Jinping get the PLA job, and that Xi
Zhongxun had, in turn, given Geng's daughter a position in
Guangdong when he was Party Secretary there.
¶16. (C) According to the professor, Xi subsequently became
even more serious in plotting a career path to the top. By
all appearances, with his father having been politically
rehabilitated and rapidly regaining his power, Xi Jinping
could have continued to rise quickly in the Central Party
apparatus. Xi, however, reasoned that in the long run,
staying in Beijing would limit his career potential. Xi told
the professor that staying with Geng Biao would eventually
shrink his power base, which would ultimately rest primarily
on his father's and Geng's networks and political support.
Moreover, in time, people would turn against him if he stayed
in the Center.
¶17. (C) So in a calculated move to lay the basis for a future
return as a Central leader, Xi asked for a position in the
countryside and, in 1982, became a local official in
Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei province. Xi later became
the Deputy Party Secretary in Zhengding county, also in
Hebei. Xi told the professor at the time that he "would be
back one day." (Note: Xi later served for many years in
Fujian province, becoming Governor in 2000, then moving to
Zhejiang province in 2002 to be Party Secretary, and then to
Shanghai as Party Secretary in 2007. He was elevated to the
Politburo Standing Committee at the 17th National CCP
Congress in October 2007 and was appointed Vice President at
the National People's Congress in March 2008.)
¶18. (C) Xi told the professor at the time that going to the
provinces was his "only path to central power." Xi thought
it was important to know people in the Central Organization
Department and to keep his eyes on the Center, even as he
worked his way up the ladder as a local official. According
to the professor, Xi "had promotion to the Center in mind
from day one." Xi knew how to develop personal networks and
work the system, first using his father's networks and later
building his own.
Xi the Person
-------------
¶19. (C) The professor offered his personal assessment --
based on their similar upbringing and his long association
with Xi during his formative years -- of Xi's personality and
political views. Although he had not seen Xi in person in
more than 20 years, "one cannot entirely escape one's past,"
he asserted, and "Xi does not want to." The professor on
repeated occasions painted a portrait of Xi Jinping as an
ambitious, calculating, confident and focused person who in
early adulthood demonstrated his singleness of purpose by
distinguishing himself from his peers and turning his
attention to politics even before the Cultural Revolution had
concluded. The professor marveled that Xi joined the
Communist Party while his father still languished in a Party
prison for alleged political crimes. At the time, the
professor and his friend Zhou felt "betrayed" by Xi's embrace
of the CCP, but both realized this was one way to "survive."
Xi chose to "join the system" to get ahead. Although Xi
never said so explicitly, he sent a message that, in China,
there was a better way forward than what the professor had
chosen: namely, do not give up on the system. Xi was
reserved and detached and "difficult to read," said the
professor. He had a "strong mind" and understood power, but
"from day one, never showed his hand."
¶20. (C) Unlike those in the social circles the professor ran
in, Xi Jinping could not talk about women and movies and did
not drink or do drugs. Xi was considered of only average
intelligence, the professor said, and not as smart as the
professor's peer group. Women thought Xi was "boring." The
professor never felt completely relaxed around Xi, who seemed
extremely "driven." Nevertheless, despite Xi's lack of
popularity in the conventional sense and his "cold and
calculating" demeanor in these early years, the professor
said, Xi was "not cold-hearted." He was still considered a
"good guy" in other ways. Xi was outwardly friendly, "always
knew the answers" to questions, and would "always take care
of you." The professor surmised that Xi's newfound
popularity today, which the professor found surprising, must
stem in part from Xi's being "generous and loyal." Xi also
does not care at all about money and is not corrupt, the
professor stated. Xi can afford to be incorruptible, the
professor wryly noted, given that he was born with a silver
spoon in his mouth. It is likely that Xi could, however, be
"corrupted by power."
BEIJING 00003128 005 OF 006
Xi's Political Instincts and Biases
-----------------------------------
¶21. (C) In the professor's view, Xi Jinping is supremely
pragmatic, a realist, driven not by ideology but by a
combination of ambition and "self-protection." The professor
saw Xi's early calculations to carefully lay out a realistic
career path as an illustration of his pragmatism. The most
permanent influences shaping Xi's worldview were his
princeling pedigree and formative years growing up with
families of first-generation CCP revolutionaries in Beijing's
elite residential compounds. These influences were amplified
by Xi's decision in his early twenties to join the CCP and
then the PLA. Xi solidified these views and values during
his subsequent very successful 30-year career as a Party
official, the professor concluded.
¶22. (C) Xi is a true "elitist" at heart, according to the
professor, and believes that rule by a dedicated and
committed Communist Party leadership is the key to enduring
social stability and national strength, as in the
(self-perceived) elite-dominated society of his youth, knit
together by family ties, elders and male authority. After
years of conversations with Xi, and having shared a common
upbringing with him, the professor said, he is convinced that
Xi has a genuine sense of "entitlement," believing that
members of his generation are the "legitimate heirs" to the
revolutionary achievements of their parents and therefore
"deserve to rule China." For this reason, the professor
maintained, Xi could never be a "true member" of current
President Hu Jintao's camp, even if Xi did not give any
indication of opposition to Hu Jintao now. Xi and other
first-generation princelings derisively refer to people with
non-Party, non-elite, commercial backgrounds like Hu Jintao
as "shopkeepers' sons," whose parents did not fight and die
for the revolution and therefore do not deserve positions of
power.
¶23. (C) Xi knows how very corrupt China is and is repulsed by
the all-encompassing commercialization of Chinese society,
with its attendant nouveau riche, official corruption, loss
of values, dignity, and self-respect, and such "moral evils"
as drugs and prostitution, the professor stated. The
professor speculated that if Xi were to become the Party
General Secretary, he would likely aggressively attempt to
address these evils, perhaps at the expense of the new
moneyed class.
¶24. (C) Xi at one point early in his career was quite taken
with Buddhist mysticism, according to the professor. In
comments Xi made to the professor, including during the
professor's visit to Xiamen while Xi was serving as an
official there, Xi displayed a fascination with Buddhist
martial arts, qigong, and other mystical powers said to aid
health, as well as with Buddhist sacred sites such as
Wutaishan. The professor said he does not know whether Xi
was actually religious, or whether he was simply looking for
a way to aid his health and well-being. Regardless, the
professor said, he was extremely surprised by how much Xi
knew about the subject and Xi's seeming belief in
supernatural forces.
Familiarity with the West and Taiwan
------------------------------------
¶25. (C) Based on personal experience, the professor noted, Xi
is very familiar with the West, with a sister in Canada, an
ex-wife in England, a brother in Hong Kong, many friends
overseas, and prior travel to the United States. As far as
the professor can discern, Xi's family and friends have had a
good experience in the West. The professor contrasted Xi's
experience and attitudes toward the West with those of people
sent to the United States by their work units, such as the
nationalist and sometime anti-U.S. Tsinghua University
scholar Yan Xuetong. Xi was the only one of his immediate
family to stay behind in China, the professor noted,
speculating that Xi knew early on that he would "not be
special" outside of China.
¶26. (C) Xi is favorably disposed toward the United States,
the professor maintained, and would want to maintain good
relations with Washington. The professor said Xi has "no
ambition" to "confront" the United States. During Xi's visit
to Washington, D.C., in 1987, he told the professor that he
had no strong impressions of the United States. Although Xi
was not particularly impressed by the United States, he had
nothing bad to say about it either. Xi took a detached
stance, as if observing from a distance, viewing what he saw
as just a normal part of life, not strange, the professor
said.
BEIJING 00003128 006 OF 006
¶27. (C) Xi also knows Taiwan and the Taiwan people very well,
the professor said, noting that Xi was in Fujian province for
more than twenty years. Attracting Taiwan investment to
Fujian was an important part of his accomplishments as a
Xiamen official.
HUNTSMAN
HUNTSMAN