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Viewing cable 09BOGOTA2052, COLOMBIAN CONGRESS FREES 19,000 AUC FROM LEGAL

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09BOGOTA2052 2009-06-26 13:16 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Bogota
VZCZCXYZ0001
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHBO #2052/01 1771316
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 261316Z JUN 09
FM AMEMBASSY BOGOTA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9550
INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 9002
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 2372
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ JUN LIMA 7671
RUEHZP/AMEMBASSY PANAMA 3767
RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO 8368
RUEHGL/AMCONSUL GUAYAQUIL 4926
RUCNFB/FBI WASHINGTON DC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUEAWJC/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
RHMFISS/HQ USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
UNCLAS BOGOTA 002052 
 
SIPDIS 
SENSITIVE 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PHUM PGOV PTER KJUS PREL CO
SUBJECT: COLOMBIAN CONGRESS FREES 19,000 AUC FROM LEGAL 
LIMBO, HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS CRITICAL 
 
REF: 07BOGOTA5530 
 
 
SUMMARY 
------- 
 
1.  (SBU)  The Colombian Congress passed a law on June 15 
allowing the Prosecutor General's Office (Fiscalia) to apply 
the 'principle of opportunity'--a plea bargain which allows 
suspension of criminal investigations--to 19,000 demobilized 
rank-and-file paramilitaries.  The 19,000 demobilized in the 
expectation they would be pardoned for lesser crimes such as 
membership in an illegal armed group, but have been in legal 
limbo since a July 2007 Supreme Court ruling that former 
paramilitaries could not receive such benefits.  President 
Uribe and the OAS Mission in Support of the Peace Process 
(MAPP/OAS) said the Court's ruling had undercut the 
paramilitary peace process and lobbied for the law. Still, 
human rights groups claim it will promote impunity.  The law 
also permits use of plea bargaining in cases involving "front 
men" holding assets of narcotraffickers, guerrillas, and 
paramilitaries.  End Summary 
 
LAW CLARIFIES LEGAL STATUS OF DEMOBILIZED RANK-AND-FILE 
--------------------------------------------- ---------- 
 
2.  (U)  The Colombian Congress passed a law on June 15 
permitting the Prosecutor General's Office (Fiscalia) to 
apply the 'principle of opportunity'--essentially a 
standardized plea bargain for cooperating witnesses--to 
19,000 demobilized rank-and-file United Self-Defense Forces 
(AUC) paramilitaries.  The 19,000 had been in legal limbo 
since a July 2007 Supreme Court ruling that former AUC 
paramilitaries did not qualify for benefits under Law 782, 
thereby removing the legal basis for pardoning AUC for lesser 
crimes such as membership in an illegal group. 
 
3.  (U)  Under the new law, a prosecutor can suspend a 
criminal investigation--pending judicial review and 
approval--if the defendant is cooperating.  The law also 
allows application of the 'principle of opportunity' to 
narcotrafficking, terrorism, or terrorism finance crimes if 
the defendant is not a leader of the criminal organization, 
provides information that disrupts the criminal activity, and 
serves as a witness against others in the organization.  The 
law excludes individuals who have committed human rights 
violations or crimes against minors from receiving 'principle 
of opportunity' benefits. 
 
4.  (SBU)  The GOC, MAPP/OAS and Fiscalia had advocated the 
'principle of opportunity' solution for AUC foot soldiers 
after the Court's ruling, and applauded Congress' move to 
clarify the legal status of the 19,000 demobilized 
paramilitaries.  President Uribe had sharply criticized the 
Supreme Court's 2007 ruling--noting that it undercut the 
paramilitary peace process and would discourage FARC members 
from demobilizing as well.  Fiscal Mario Iguaran said the new 
law would promote more efficient use of the Fiscalia's scarce 
resources, and predicted it would encourage potential 
witnesses to cooperate in investigations of criminal and 
terrorist groups. 
 
HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS OPPOSED 
--------------------------- 
 
5.  (U)  Still, some lawmakers and human rights activists 
criticized the law, claiming it would promote impunity. 
Opposition Polo Party Representative German Navas said the 
law would result in "19,000 impunities."  A June 22 Amnesty 
International press release declared that the "failure to 
carry out even the most rudimentary of investigations for 
human rights violations means that thousands of human rights 
abusers will evade justice, while their victims will never 
know the truth."  In a June 21 op-ed in daily El Tiempo, 
Michael Reed, Country Director of the International Center 
for Transitional Justice, lamented the triumph of expediency 
over justice and called the law a "backdoor amnesty." 
 
OFFER CAN BE EXTENDED TO FRONT MEN 
 
---------------------------------- 
 
6.  (U)  In a shift, the law also allows the Fiscalia to 
apply the principle of opportunity' to "front men" 
(testaferros) who turn over narcotrafficking, guerrilla, or 
paramilitary assets hidden in their names.  The decision 
could benefit the families of former paramilitary leaders and 
facilitate the payment of reparations to victims.  Many 
family members of paramilitaries have demanded legal 
protection prior to surrendering illegally-gained assets to 
the Victims Reparation Fund. 
Brownfield