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Viewing cable 09BUCHAREST231, ROMANIA: SANCTIONS CONFERENCE REVEALS CRACKS IN EU

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09BUCHAREST231 2009-04-06 06:24 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Bucharest
VZCZCXRO0132
PP RUEHAG RUEHAST RUEHDA RUEHDBU RUEHDF RUEHFL RUEHIK RUEHKW RUEHLA
RUEHLN RUEHLZ RUEHNP RUEHPOD RUEHROV RUEHSK RUEHSR RUEHVK RUEHYG
DE RUEHBM #0231 0960624
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 060624Z APR 09
FM AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9394
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC PRIORITY
RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS PRIORITY 0031
INFO RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY 0175
RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
UNCLAS BUCHAREST 000231 
 
DEPT FOR EUR/CE ASCHIEBE AND EEB/ESC/TFS 
TREASURY FOR OFAC JSMITH 
USEU FOR LSNYDER 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EFIN ECON PTER KTFN UNSC OSCE RO
SUBJECT: ROMANIA: SANCTIONS CONFERENCE REVEALS CRACKS IN EU 
IMPLEMENTATION 
 
1.  (SBU) Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control 
(OFAC) Associate Director John Smith and EconOff attended sessions 
of a workshop on terrorist financing in Bucharest April 1 and 2. 
The conference, co-hosted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and 
Crime, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and 
the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, featured international 
legal experts and country representatives discussing the most 
effective ways to implement sanctions regimes under UN resolutions 
1267, 1373, and 1540.  A wide cross-section of attendees from 25 
countries and nine international organizations participated.  The 
highlight of the workshop was a frank discussion of the limits the 
European Court of Justice (ECJ) has placed on EU member states' 
ability to implement sanctions regimes under 1267 and 1373, at least 
as the ECJ's recent rulings are being interpreted by the European 
Commission (EC). 
 
2.  (SBU) According to Anna Sotaniemi, representing the sanctions 
team from the EU Directorate General for External Relations, recent 
court rulings in the Kadi and Al Barakaat cases established that the 
EU must respect the "right of defense" when implementing 1267 
sanctions.  The EC is interpreting these rulings to mean that 
"defendants" must be provided a written statement from the UN 
sanctions committee at the same time that the EU implements an asset 
freeze.  Sanctioned individuals must also be provided rights of 
redress and have the ability to challenge the sanctions decision 
with the ECJ.  In a private conversation following her public 
presentation, Sotaniemi revealed that while the ECJ has not 
questioned the basis for a 1267 sanctions designation yet, the court 
has accorded to itself the ability to evaluate the underlying case 
for sanctions.  The ECJ could--in theory--determine that a 
particular designation under 1267 was inconsistent with EU human 
rights and order the EC to unfreeze assets.  Sotaniemi underscored 
to EconOff the EC's current view that the UN sanctions committees 
(particularly the 1267 committee) must produce a narrative summary 
outlining the reasons for designation at the same time that an asset 
freeze is announced.  Otherwise the EU will be unable to implement 
the freeze without delay, as required by member states' UN 
obligations. 
 
3.  (SBU) Workshop speakers also noted that EU autonomous sanctions 
under 1373 are on increasingly shaky legal grounds, following a 
court decision in the Mujahadeen e-Khalg (MEK/PMOI) case.  The ECJ 
has established the right to review designations proposed by the 
European Council's sanctions working group.  This court review may 
examine the facts underlying a designation and whether or not the 
appropriate designation procedure was followed.  The ECJ may 
overturn a designation if human rights are not respected, 
designation procedures are not followed, or if a judicial review 
determines the reasons for designating are insufficient.  One 
failing of the 1373 process in the EU, commented on by several 
presenters, is that until the Lisbon Treaty is implemented, it does 
not allow the EU to designate and freeze the assets of "internal 
terrorists," leaving this at the discretion of the individual member 
states. 
 
4.  (SBU) Comment.  Romania, like most of the other EU member 
states, has ceded primary responsibility for sanctions 
implementation to the European Commission and the European Council. 
Domestic legislation automatically implements any designation by 
either body.  Domestic designations outside of this framework, while 
theoretically possible, are so legally and politically complicated 
that they are almost never attempted.  The candid revelation of 
holes in the EU sanctions implementation regime and the lack of 
separate legal structures to designate outside of this framework 
create a worrying gap that designees and potential designees could 
exploit to evade an international asset freeze.  Following this 
workshop, it appears that the current interpretation of the ECJ 
rulings by the EC is erecting hurdles to the fight against terrorist 
financing and is undermining the ability of EU member states to 
implement their UN charter obligations in a timely manner, as the UN 
Security Council resolutions require.  End Comment. 
 
5.  (U) OFAC Associate Director John Smith has cleared this 
message. 
 
GUTHRIE-CORN