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Viewing cable 09BOGOTA1203, COLOMBIA'S YEAR FOR THE BOOKS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS
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| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 09BOGOTA1203 | 2009-04-08 19:58 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Bogota |
VZCZCXYZ0000
RR RUEHWEB
DE RUEHBO #1203/01 0981958
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 081958Z APR 09
FM AMEMBASSY BOGOTA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 8331
INFO RHEHOND/DIR ONDCP WASHINGTON DC
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RUEABND/DEA HQS WASHDC
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHDC
RHMFISS/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL
RHMFIUU/DEPT OF STATE AIR WING PATRICK AFB FL
UNCLAS BOGOTA 001203
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
DEPARTMENT FOR INL/LP
DEPARTMENT FOR WHA/AND
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: SNAR PREL PGOV CO
SUBJECT: COLOMBIA'S YEAR FOR THE BOOKS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS
¶1. (SBU) SUMMARY: In 2008, the NAS coordinated closely with the
Colombian Government to achieve sustainable nationalization for
USG-supported programs. With significant help from the USG, the
Colombian Government made great strides in battling narcoterrorism
and denying Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) like the FARC the
funding they need to support their criminal activities in Colombia
and the region. Through manual and aerial eradication, the GOC
seized a record 229,227 hectares of coca in 2008 - an increase of
10,335 hectares compared to 2007. In 2008, the Colombian National
Police (CNP) exceeded their 2007 cocaine/marijuana seizures by 61
percent, and destroyed an unprecedented 1,753 laboratories. The Air
Bridge Denial (ABD) helped the GOC to maintain control of Colombia's
airspace - in 2008, only 60 Unknown Assumed Suspect (UAS) tracks
were registered - less than one tenth of those registered in 2003.
The Colombian Army Counter-Drug (CD) Brigade provided security for
aerial and manual eradication missions, and conducted interdiction
and high value target operations against FTOs. The Ministry of
Defense's demobilization program had a record year - a total of
3,461 individuals demobilized in 2008; demobilization of mid-level
leaders more than doubled from 179 in 2007 to 398 in 2008, providing
valuable intelligence that has considerably weakened terrorist
organizations. NAS/INL supported the carrying out of a first
nation-wide household drug consumption survey to take place since
¶1996. Record seizures of narcotics, materiel, and personnel in
Colombia greatly contributed to the 27 percent rise in price of
cocaine in major U.S. cities from the first quarter of 2007 to the
first quarter of 2008, and to the dilution of purity by 16 percent
for the same time period. END SUMMARY.
------------
ERADICATION
------------
¶2. (SBU) The Aerial Eradication Program continued its record of
outstanding results. In 2008, the program eradicated a total of
133,496 hectares of coca, surpassing the 2008 spray goal of 130,000
hectares and representing over hundreds of metric tons of potential
cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) kept from U.S. streets. The aerial
eradication program also supported the Colombian police and military
forces' promotion of civil governance and rule of law in the aerial
eradication forward-operating locations, precisely in those areas
where enforcement of civil authority has been most problematic.
Increased efficiencies in intelligence preparation for the aerial
spray operating areas, insertion of Colombian troops on the ground,
and variations in spray formation tactics all improved aircrew
safety. Compared to the previous five years, the number of hostile
ground-fire impacts dropped by one-fifth, with no crewmember deaths
or serious injuries sustained.
¶3. (SBU) Manual eradication operations largely focused on 11
departments, including all major coca growing regions in Colombia.
Manual eradication of coca in 2008 totaled 95,731 hectares - a new
record. Although short of the Colombian Government's goal of
100,000 hectares, the total significantly surpassed the 65,587
hectares of coca eradicated in 2007. Attacks on manual eradication
groups left 26 eradicators and security personnel dead and dozens
injured. Most of the deaths and injuries were caused by landmines
and IEDs planted in coca fields, as well as by sniper fire. There
were 16 deaths in 2007, bringing casualties to a total of 120 deaths
since 2005.
¶4. (SBU) NAS Bogota assistance for manual eradication increased in
2008 and included airlift and material assistance. In 2008,
NAS-supported aircraft flew nearly 3,000 flight hours in support of
manual eradication operations at a cost of over USD four million.
Hundreds of blade hours, not captured in this total, were flown
during the detection and planning phases of the manual eradication
campaign. The police EMCAR units (totaling thousands of police
officers) providing security for the manual eradicators were also
trained and equipped with NAS funds. Other support included mine
detectors, communications equipment, backpack sprayers and herbicide
- totaling nearly USD 400,000.
---------
AVIATION
---------
¶5. (SBU) NAS contributions to the Colombian National Police (CNP)
ARAVI (Area of Aviation) Program included contractor and logistical
support for 19,900 flight hours for aircraft supported by the USG.
These flight hours supported aerial and manual eradication
operations, intelligence gathering, interdiction missions (over 305
metric tons confiscated), 25 extraditions to the U.S., and general
support flights providing mobility to police personnel and extending
their presence and security throughout the country. NAS funded the
completion of three C-26 Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance
Aerial Platforms (ISRAP) that will greatly increase the GOC's
intelligence gathering capability. Additionally, the procurement of
an airborne mapping camera and installation on the C-208 Caravan
aircraft enhanced ARAVI's ability to detect and verify illicit
crops. NAS increased contractor mechanic support for six months
that resulted in four UH-IIs being repaired and returned to
mission-capable status.
-------------
INTERDICTION
-------------
¶6. (SBU) In 2008, the CNP broke their previous all-time cocaine and
marijuana seizure records by 59 percent and 62 percent,
respectively, and set a new mark for drug laboratory destructions at
1,753 laboratories. CNP seizures totaled 350 metric tons of cocaine
(HCl, base, and paste) and marijuana this year, dwarfing its 2007
combined total of 194 metric tons seized. In total, the CNP was
responsible for more than 70 percent of all of the cocaine and
marijuana seized by the Government of Colombia in 2008. A variety
of factors contributed to these unprecedented CNP results, including
aggressive senior police leadership, an expanded and more effective
CNP Antinarcotics Directorate, and a concerted institutional effort
to weed out corruption from the ranks of the antinarcotics police.
Additionally, the CNP commitment to sustained antinarcotics efforts
by all policemen - antinarcotics and street cops alike - also proved
vital to these record achievements.
¶7. (SBU) The Air Bridge Denial (ABD) program assisted the Colombian
Government in maintaining control of Colombia's airspace. In the
first year of the program in 2003, 60 Unknown Assumed Suspect (UAS)
tracks were often registered in a single month, with 637 tracks
total; for the entire 2008, less than 60 UAS were registered - a
decrease of more than 90 percent. In 2008, 14 aircraft were
impounded in Colombia - nine of which were administrative
impoundments due to a lack of flight plans, license, or required
permits; another 13 aircraft were impounded in neighboring countries
after visual identification by ABD aircraft. Maritime support
missions have also been a success story - sixteen vessels were
impounded and one was scuttled by its crew during maritime
operations with the support of ABD aircraft. Overall, 47 people
were arrested and 9.2 metric tons of cocaine impounded via the ABD
program. Improved coordination between USG and GOC agencies, mostly
under the leadership of the Joint Inter Agency Task Force South,
helped to produce the aforementioned results.
¶8. (SBU) The Colombian Army Counter-Drug (CD) Brigade provided
security for aerial and manual eradication, and conducted
interdiction and high value target operations against Foreign
Terrorist Organization members. During 2008, the CD Brigade seized
over three metric tons of cocaine, 667 kilograms of coca paste,
10,077 gallons of liquid coca, 126,054 gallons of liquid precursors,
111,969 kilograms of solid precursors, 7,971,272 coca seedlings and
52,000 kilograms of coca leaf. The Brigade also located and
destroyed 28 HCl laboratories, 134 coca paste laboratories, two
clandestine refineries (one sulfuric acid), two mine fields, six
enemy camps; and seized 27 enemy weapons and explosive caches (624
rifles, 79 hand grenades, 21 shotguns, one Night Vision Device, six
revolvers, nine pistols, 8,099 rounds of ammunition, and 1,628
weapons magazines), 47 improvise explosive devices, over 200
kilograms of assorted explosives, and communications equipment.
¶9. (SBU) During 2008, the Base Security program provided three one-
and two-month base security courses in coca-producing areas of Norte
de Santander, Apartado and Tumaco training more than 150 Colombian
Police and Military officers. Since 2006, five two-month courses
have taken place to train officers from all 32 departments who have
since become key assistants and advisors to the Department
Commanders in identifying, planning, and executing renovation as
well as new security projects in their departments. The one-month
courses were focused on improving security at specific antinarcotics
bases and increasing CNP's antinarcotics officer capabilities.
----------------------
POLICE REESTABLISHMENT
----------------------
¶10. (SBU) In 2008, the Police Reestablishment Program completed the
formation of 70 Rural Police Squadrons for deployment throughout the
country. The squadrons seized over 26 metric tons of cocaine and
base, destroyed 160 base/HCl labs, seized 2,176 weapons and 299,220
rounds of ammunition, and captured 1,599 criminals/subversives.
(The Colombian National Police pays for all day-to-day operating
costs for these squadrons with the exception of limited maintenance
and training.) NAS donated 138 trucks to the CNP Rural Police and
in early 2009 will inaugurate three rural police bases, for which
the GOC will assume all operational costs.
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DEMOBILIZATION
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¶11. (SBU) The Ministry of Defense's (MOD) demobilization program
broke another record in 2008, with 3,461 individuals demobilizing.
Demobilization of mid-level leaders more than doubled from 179 in
2007 to 398 in 2008. The number of individuals with three or more
years of experience
increased by 30 percent compared to 2007. The most common
motivation for desertion from illegal groups was a desire for a
lifestyle change; however, demobilizations due to military pressure
have been increasing. The strategy has been producing unparalleled
security gains and invaluable tools in the GOC fight against
terrorism.
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ENVIRONMENT
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¶12. (SBU) The Colombian antinarcotics police (DIRAN) received 781
complaints of alleged crop damage in 2008. Approximately 22 percent
of complaints were filed in the coca-rich department of Narino,
where large spray operations occurred. Out of 1,077 closed cases,
five percent were compensated, and 49 percent were denied because
spray operations either did not occur or coca was mixed with licit
crops; in 45 percent of the submitted cases applicants failed to
complete the information required in order to be considered for
compensation. NAS's environmental program paid 481,544,857 COP
(approximately USD 216,134) to 59 complainants in 2008. The
environmental section participated in various public outreach
activities to provide information on environmental damage, the
aerial eradication program and the complaint compensation process.
NAS has co-organized or participated in over 20 information and
training sessions to explain the aerial eradication program and to
train mayors on how to process a crop damage complaint. The picture
museum has also become an invaluable educational tool that has
traveled throughout Colombia.
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Drug Demand Reduction
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¶13. (SBU) The Drug Demand Reduction office worked with various
governmental and non-governmental organizations and supported
multiple capacity building and education-based demand reduction
programs. NAS Bogota provided help with training for NGOs,
teachers, journalists and nurses, and worked with the UNODC, DIRAN,
Shared Reponsibility and Ministry of Social Protection to organize a
two-day youth forum to promote a drug and violence-free lifestyle.
NAS worked with the GOC to develop four drug demand prevention
commercials to raise awareness of drug consumption in Colombia. NAS
Bogota served on the National Household Drug Consumption Survey's
technical committee and provided final funds for the successful
completion of the Survey's field work on December 13; a nation-wide
drug consumption survey had not taken place in Colombia since 1996.
¶14. (SBU) COMMENT: Much of the success in battling narcotrafficking
has been due to the air mobility provided by the USG. The use of
helicopters and aircraft helps the GOC to perform interdiction and
eradication, as well as humanitarian and logistical missions.
Without helicopters, the GOC could not project force or provide
government presence. Colombia has made great strides in
nationalizing aviation assets, but more needs to be done and they
still need our help. In the last two years, over 50 aircraft have
been turned over to Colombia for them to fund, maintain, and
control. Colombia appears willing to continue battling
narcotrafficking, but one major priority is to ensure that they have
the air mobility to get the job done. The challenge over the next
few years will be to pace the ongoing nationalization efforts to
ensure a sustainable transition of responsibilities while tempering
GOC expectations in the face of diminished USG funds. END COMMENT.
BROWNFIELD