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Viewing cable 09COLOMBO231, SRI LANKA: ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES IN ADVANCE OF

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09COLOMBO231 2009-03-02 02:15 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Colombo
R 020215Z MAR 09
FM AMEMBASSY COLOMBO
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 9481
INFO AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI 
DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC
DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHDC
AMEMBASSY DHAKA 
AMEMBASSY KATHMANDU 
AMCONSUL CHENNAI 
AMCONSUL MUMBAI 
AMCONSUL KARACHI
UNCLAS COLOMBO 000231 
 
 
NEW DELHI FOR USPTO 
OES/ENRC FOR SEZANEH SEYMOUR 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EAGR EAID SENV TBIO CE
SUBJECT:  SRI LANKA: ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES IN ADVANCE OF 
NEGOTIATIONS 
 
REF: (A) STATE 9667 (NOTAL) 
(B) 2-6-09 SANJIT-WITMER EMAIL 
 
1.  Per ref A request, the following information concerning Sri 
Lanka's regulations governing access to genetic resources and 
benefit sharing is keyed below to ref A, para 20.  Additional 
questions raised by AmEmb New Delhi (ref B) are not relevant at 
present as Sri Lanka's patent law does not provide for the 
disclosure of traditional knowledge (TK) or genetic resources (GR) 
in patent applications. 
 
Legislation and regulation of research 
and collection of biological resources 
----------------------------------------- 
 
2. Sri Lanka does not have a unified set of laws that cover all 
aspects of research and specimen collection on biological and 
genetic resources.  Several articles and provisions of legislation 
address research aspects, including specimen collection of 
biological and genetic resources.  These include the following: 
Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance; Forest Ordinance; Fisheries 
and Aquatic Resources Act; National Heritage and Wilderness Act; 
National Aquatic Research Agency Act; and Acts of all research 
institutes, such as the Coconut Research Institute (CRI), the Tea 
Research Institute (TRI), the Rice Research & Development Institute 
(RRDI), and the Rubber Research Institute (RRI). 
 
3. Relevant institutions issue permits for all aspects related to 
research including collection of biological specimens.  This is 
carried out at national and provincial levels.  Research proposals 
must be submitted to the relevant institution, at which time the 
research committee of that institute evaluates the proposal.  In Sri 
Lanka, the Department of Forest and the Department of Wildlife 
manage protected areas.  To conduct research activities and collect 
specimens in designated protected forests and wildlife parks, 
researchers (local or foreign) must obtain permits from these 
institutes.  Research in fisheries and aquatic resources require 
approval from the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Agency prior to 
collection of specimens. 
 
4. The following government agencies are responsible for issuing 
research/collection permits for their respective biological/genetic 
resources: 
- Wild Fauna and Flora:  Department of Wildlife Conservation 
(DWLC); 
- Domesticated Animals:  Department of Animal Production and Health 
(DAPH); 
- Forest products & biological resources of forest reserves: 
Department of Forest Conservation; 
- Aquatic Resources:  Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources 
(with concurrent permission from DWLC); 
- Agricultural Crops:  Relevant Research Institute (CRI,TRI, RRDI, 
RRI). 
 
5.  Terms and conditions addressing the concept of Mutually Agreed 
Terms (MAT) are formulated by respective research committees and 
agencies under the respective laws and included in research 
application guidelines. 
 
Permits for Collection of Biological Specimens 
--------------------------------------------- --- 
 
6. In general, all collection of biological resources, especially 
for research, is regulated under the respective Acts of the above 
named institutions.  Permits can be obtained from these authorities, 
unless specimens are prohibited according to relevant Acts. 
Specific terms and conditions are provided, depending on the use of 
the specimens, when permits are issued. 
 
Movement of Biological Specimens 
--------------------------------- 
 
7. Collection and export of non-CITES samples for research requires 
a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the custodial institute of 
the biological/genetic resource and the local counterpart of the 
research institute.  Permits for import of non-CITES biological 
specimens are provided by the relevant local counterpart agency 
after approval is provided by the relevant custodian of the 
specimen. 
 
8. The Plant Protection Act and Animal Disease Act have provisions 
on phyto- or zoo-sanitary requirements needed for movement of 
species and products. 
 
 
Mutually-Agreed Terms (MAT) 
---------------------------- 
 
9. Under present legislation, MAT are agreed to with approval by the 
relevant research institution.  The respective agencies negotiate 
and review applications for access and use of genetic resources. 
The committees of these agencies determine protocol for the 
different applications and use of genetic resources. The Acts of 
respective agencies are equipped to deal with the issue of access to 
genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits. 
Use of resources (commercial or non-commercial) is evaluated prior 
to granting permission.  Terms and conditions for in-country and 
non-commercial use of genetic resources is basic and uncomplicated, 
according to officials at the Biodiversity Secretariat in the 
Ministry of Environment. 
 
Status of MAT and 
Prior-Informed Consent (PIC) 
----------------------------- 
 
10. Presently, coordination between relevant institutes for the 
development of MAT and PIC issues is handled by the Biodiversity 
Secretariat of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources on 
a case by case basis, as requested by the national partner of the 
collaborative research.  The proposed policy on access to genetic 
resources, which is currently being drafted, addresses the issue of 
fair and equitable sharing of benefits, with the biodiversity 
secretariat being nominated as the coordinating institute. 
 
11. In short, the respective local counterpart researcher negotiates 
specific contracts for providing access to genetic resources with 
the approving committee of the relevant government institute.  The 
Biodiversity Secretariat makes arrangements to sign MAT's between 
local research counterparts and the appropriate government 
institute. 
 
12. National authorities responsible for receiving financial 
benefits arising from biological/genetic resources are identified in 
the MAT. 
 
13. A code of ethics for biological diversity research involving 
access to genetic resources is published by the Biodiversity 
Secretariat of the Ministry of Environment.  It states: 
 
a) Research on the biological diversity of Sri Lanka shall, as far 
as possible, be carried out in Sri Lanka, and by Sri Lankans or with 
the active participation of Sri Lankans 
 
b) The researcher shall inform the Biodiversity Secretariat of the 
Ministry in charge of the subject of environment of the nature of 
the proposed research, and specifically (a) whether foreign 
nationals or foreign institutions will be involved and if so the 
nature and extent of such involvement, and (b) full details of the 
genetic material or metabolites or other extracts of organisms that 
will be sent out of the country. In either case the purpose must be 
disclosed fully; failure to do so will be tantamount to a breach of 
this code. 
 
c) Having regard to the facts as stated by the researcher, if the 
Biodiversity Secretariat is of the view that the research may give 
rise to discoveries leading to the development of commercial 
products or processes, an agreement in a form approved by the 
Ministry in charge of the subject of environment acting on the 
advice of the National Science Foundation and any other government 
institution shall be signed by the party abroad; such agreement 
shall inter alia embody clauses, as appropriate, for ensuring that 
Sri Lanka receives an equitable share of the benefits from the 
proposed research and development. 
 
d) If the Biodiversity Secretariat is of the view that the research 
would not give rise to discoveries leading to the development of 
commercial products or processes, the Biodiversity Secretariat shall 
inform the researcher that no agreement in the form specified in 
Section 3 need be signed. 
 
e) If, in the course of the research work, there are changes in the 
research protocol (from that reported earlier) or in the scope of 
foreign collaboration, details of such changes shall forthwith be 
reported to the Biodiversity Secretariat for a fresh determination 
of whether an agreement in terms of Section 3 has to be signed, or, 
if an agreement has already been signed, whether any amendments to 
the agreement would have to be made. 
 
f) This Code does not obviate the requirements under existing laws, 
rules and regulations, of the researcher obtaining the approval of 
the appropriate institutions for carrying out the proposed research; 
using any particular site; collecting biological material; or 
exporting genetic material, metabolites or other extracts of 
organisms. 
 
g) Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 3,4 and 5 of this 
Code, in cases where foreign nationals and/or institutions are 
involved in research on biodiversity, the collaborating Sri Lankan 
researcher and/or the institution to which he is attached shall, 
where considered appropriate by the Ministry, through an agreement, 
exchange of letters, or other suitable instrument, with regard to 
the sharing of information, publication of results, lodging of 
samples and other relevant matters, ensure that Sri Lanka shares 
equitably in the results of the research. 
 
14.  Post's contact person for further inquiries on this issue is 
ECON - Adrian Mendis. 
 
BLAKE