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Viewing cable 09BOGOTA896, PROSECUTOR GENERAL INVESTIGATES SEXUAL VIOLENCE

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09BOGOTA896 2009-03-17 20:24 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Bogota
VZCZCXYZ0000
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHBO #0896/01 0762024
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 172024Z MAR 09
FM AMEMBASSY BOGOTA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7738
INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA PRIORITY 8736
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS PRIORITY 1845
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ MAR 0008
RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA PRIORITY 7164
RUEHZP/AMEMBASSY PANAMA PRIORITY 3226
RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO PRIORITY 7890
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC PRIORITY
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC PRIORITY
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC PRIORITY
RHEFDIA/DIA WASHDC PRIORITY
RHMFISS/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL PRIORITY
UNCLAS BOGOTA 000896 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PREF PGOV PHUM PTER MARR KJUS CO
SUBJECT: PROSECUTOR GENERAL INVESTIGATES SEXUAL VIOLENCE 
CRIMES IN CONFLICT 
 
-------- 
SUMMARY: 
-------- 
1.  (U) The office of the Prosecutor General (Fiscalia) is 
investigating 183 cases of sexual abuses of women and girls 
allegedly committed by former paramilitaries, the FARC, and 
members of the military and police from 1993-2008.  The 
United Nations High Commission on Human Rights (UNHCHR) 
highlighted the importance of promptly prosecuting the cases. 
 UNHCHR and the Fiscalia agree that the use of sexual 
violence as a weapon in Colombia's conflict remains a 
problem, and underscored that many abuses go unreported.  The 
Fiscalia reported that long delays by victims in reporting 
the crimes remained a key factor hindering prosecutions. 
UNHCHR said a lack of resources, weak investigative 
structures, and limited interagency coordination also 
contributed to the lack of progress.  End Summary. 
 
-------------------------- 
INVESTIGATION IN PROGRESS: 
-------------------------- 
2.  (U) Prosecutor General Mario Iguaran reported that the 
Fiscalia recently opened 183 criminal cases against members 
of former paramilitary groups, the FARC, the military, and 
the Colombian National Police for alleged sexual crimes 
committed against 500 women and girls between 1993-2008. 
Iguaran's action stemmed from an April 2008 Constitutional 
Court order mandating the investigation of sexual 
violence-related crimes against internally displaced persons. 
 It identified 42 men allegedly involved in homicide and 
rape, including extradited paramilitary leaders Salvatore 
Mancuso and Rodrigo Tovar Pupo ("Jorge 40").  The two were 
accused of crimes stemming from the El Salado (Bolivar - 
February, 2000) and Chengue (Sucre - January, 2001) 
massacres. 
 
3   (U) The Fiscalia is also investigating/prosecuting 
military and CNP involvement in 39 of the 183 cases.  The 
Fiscalia said it has brought criminal proceedings against 29 
security force personnel.  Of the 29, 15 are indicted and 
will face trial, 14 have been accused and are awaiting 
sentence, and one has been convicted and is in jail. 
 
------------------------------ 
UN SPOTLIGHTS SEXUAL VIOLENCE: 
------------------------------ 
4.  (U) The United Nations High Commission on Human Rights 
(UNHCHR) office in Colombia highlighted the importance of 
investigating and prosecuting sexual violence crimes against 
women in the context of Colombia's conflict in a May 8 press 
release.  The UNHCHR report on Colombia--released February 
19--indicated that sexual violence in the conflict continued 
to present a "high level of impunity." 
 
----------------------------------- 
SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS A WEAPON OF WAR: 
----------------------------------- 
5.  (U) The Fiscalia's report underscored a pattern of "the 
use of sexual violence as a weapon of war" and established 
the involvement of former paramilitaries in 134 cases, 
members of the security force (military and police) in 39 
cases, and the FARC in 10 cases.  Of the cases currently 
under investigation, 41 of the victims were minors and 24 
indigenous; 27 were homicides.  There are also eleven cases 
under investigation for sexual slavery and forced 
prostitution. 
 
6.  (U) The cases highlight that sexual violence by armed 
groups (former-paramilitaries and the FARC) was used as a 
tactic to exert territorial control--mostly in drug 
trafficking zones they were attempting to dominate.  The 
Constitutional Court confirmed cases of sexual violence 
against women in several high profile massacres.  In the El 
Salado case, women were reportedly forced to undress and 
dance in front of husbands or fathers who were later 
murdered.  Several of the women were also raped.  Information 
from one of the survivors helped the Fiscalia's Human Rights 
Unit build cases against Mancuso and "Jorge 40." 
 
--------------------- 
 
RESULTS SLOW TO COME: 
--------------------- 
7.  (U) Iguaran told the media that the greatest difficulty 
for investigators was the "precariousness of the evidence." 
He said the process of gathering information from the victims 
was "painful," and that in many cases, the elapsed time 
between the alleged abuse and when it was reported prevented 
the gathering of DNA evidence.  This was critical since 
victims reported most aggressors wore masks.  The UNHCHR 
report also indicated that structural problems including lack 
of resources, inadequate investigative structures, and 
interagency coordination difficulties also affected the 
Fiscalia's investigation and prosecution efforts. 
 
-------------------------- 
MANY ABUSES GO UNREPORTED: 
-------------------------- 
8.  (U) Patricia Hernandez, a Justice and Peace Law 
prosecutor, told us that social, psychological, and economic 
vulnerabilities conspired against many women and girls who 
would otherwise report sexual abuses.  Sexual assaults were 
also likely underreported because institutional response 
remains inadequate.  The GOC cannot guarantee protection of 
victims, particularly in the areas not yet under full 
government control.  Hernandez said that the Social 
Protection Ministry reported that as many as one of every 
three displaced women has been sexually abused. 
NICHOLS