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Viewing cable 09BAMAKO43, DROUGHT THREATENS MALI'S MIGRATORY ELEPHANT HERD

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
09BAMAKO43 2009-01-22 15:15 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Bamako
VZCZCXRO2627
RR RUEHMA RUEHPA
DE RUEHBP #0043/01 0221515
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 221515Z JAN 09
FM AMEMBASSY BAMAKO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 9930
INFO RUEHZK/ECOWAS COLLECTIVE
RUEHAR/AMEMBASSY ACCRA 0428
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 BAMAKO 000043 
 
SIPDIS 
 
ACCRA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER GEOFFREY HUNT 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EAGR EAID ECON ML SENV
SUBJECT: DROUGHT THREATENS MALI'S MIGRATORY ELEPHANT HERD 
 
REF: 08 BAMAKO 396 
 
1.  Summary: In meetings on January 13 and 21, 
representatives of international conservation groups Save the 
Elephants and the WILD Foundation told the Embassy that 
prolonged drought is severely threatening the estimated 400 
to 600 elephants in Mali's Gourma region.  This herd is the 
only surviving group of elephants in the Sahel.  The watering 
holes along the elephants' migratory path through Mali are 
drying at a much faster rate than in previous years and are 
expected to be completely dry by April.  The representatives 
said urgent action was needed to replenish local water 
supplies to prevent elephant deaths and avoid potentially 
deadly clashes with nearby human populations.  Conservation 
efforts by the Malian government and international 
conservation groups in Gourma are ongoing and have been 
successful in the past.  The current situation, however, 
requires a heightened response to repair water pumps and dig 
new wells along the elephants' migration route. End Summary. 
 
---------------------------------- 
Drought Threatens Mali's Elephants 
---------------------------------- 
 
2.  On January 13, Save the Elephants representative Jake 
Wall briefed the Embassy on what he described as a dire 
situation for the elephants in Mali's Gourma region.  Wall 
had spent the previous two weeks surveying the watering holes 
and proximate villages of Banzena, Inadiatafane, and Indamane 
to determine the extent of the water shortage affecting the 
region.  Using global positioning systems (GPS) technology, 
Wall demonstrated that the perimeter of the lake in Banzena, 
the primary source of water for the elephants from February 
through May, was significantly reduced when compared to its 
perimeter this time last year.  Located in the village of 
Banzena are two bore holes and one well that have been used 
in prior years to replenish the lake.  Wall said such 
replenishment is not an option this year because the diesel 
pumps for the bore holes are broken and the remaining well is 
deteriorating for unknown reasons. 
 
3.  The water shortage is primarily a result of increasing 
population pressures from new human settlements and cattle 
grazing activity in the region.  The expansion of villages 
lacking sufficient water supply means that both villagers and 
cattle must travel to the lake in Banzena for water.  The 
radius of cattle grazing is constantly expanding; in some 
cases, cattle travel a distance of 40 kilometers each day to 
make the round trip from their grazing areas.  Even in good 
years, there are few viable water sources for the elephants 
by the month of May, especially for the females and young. 
 
----------------------- 
Conservation Strategies 
----------------------- 
 
4.  Securing the survival of Mali's elephants requires both 
long and short term conservation strategies.  In 
collaboration with a number of conservation groups, the 
Malian government has undertaken a number of projectstoward 
this end (reftel).  The Gourma Biodiversiy Conservation 
Project for Mali is a six year (205-2011) USD 10 million 
project funded by the Word Bank aimed at stopping and 
reversing biodiversty degradation in key conservation areas 
and othr specific sites in Gourma.  Save the Elephants and 
the WILD Foundation partnered with the Malian National Nature 
Conservation office (DNCN) under the Environment Ministry on 
a GPS collaring project to track elephants' migration.  The 
goal of this project is to delineate the migratory path and 
keep it free of human settlements. 
 
5.  The Embassy is currently working with the U.S. Forest 
Service and the Regional Environmental Office in Accra to 
craft a comprehensive conservation project for potential 
economic support funds.  Embassy Bamako secured USD 300,000 
in ESF funds for an elephant conservation project 
administered by the WILD Foundation in 2003.  This was 
followed by an additional USD 150,000 in ESF money.  The 
findings of this project, which was conducted in coordination 
with the DNCN, provided essential base-line data that formed 
the backbone of the World Bank's Biodiversity Conservation 
Project.  Our current proposal would join the efforts of the 
U.S. Forest Service, Save the Elephants, local NGOs, and the 
DNCN to develop a sustainable solution for water use at 
Banzena.  The project would also work with the Ministries of 
Environment and Sanitation, Tourism, and Culture to promote 
collaboration on ecotourism in the region and ensure that 
revenues are used toward the costs of regulation and 
maintenance of conservation projects. 
 
 
BAMAKO 00000043  002.2 OF 002 
 
 
6.  In the short term, the current water shortage at Banzena 
could be alleviated by purchasing two new diesel pumps for 
the existing bore holes  Susan Canney of the WILD Foundation 
said reactivating the bore holes would allow the lake to be 
restored as the primary watering hole for the elephant herd, 
thereby also reducing the risk of human-wildlife conflict in 
competition for water.  Canney indicated she would meet with 
representatives of the Biodiversity Project to discuss 
funding for the new pumps. 
MILOVANOVIC