Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 08JAKARTA2251, INDONESIA 2008-2009 INCSR PART II, MONEY LAUNDERING AND
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #08JAKARTA2251.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08JAKARTA2251 | 2008-12-15 02:59 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Jakarta |
R 150259Z DEC 08
FM AMEMBASSY JAKARTA
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 0966
DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHINGTON DC
AMEMBASSY SINGAPORE
UNCLAS JAKARTA 002251
DEPARTMENT FOR EAP/MTS, INL, SCT, EEB/ESC/TFS
TREASURY FOR FinCEN and T.RAND
SINGAPORE FOR S. BAKER
JUSTICE FOR AFMLS, OIA and OPDAT
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: KCRM EFIN KTFN SNAR ID
SUBJECT: INDONESIA 2008-2009 INCSR PART II, MONEY LAUNDERING AND
FINANCIAL CRIMES
Ref: (A) Juncker-Silensky/Wyler/Williams/Bezek/Ott e-mail
(B) State 10381
¶1. The following information was previously relayed via
unclassified e-mail with tracked changes from the 2007-2008 INCSR
(ref A), as requested by ref B.
¶2. As noted in ref A, report provided the USD equivalent figures
reflecting an exchange rate of IDR 12,000/USD. The rupiah has been
extremely volatile as a result of the current financial crisis and
the equivalent USD figures should be updated prior to final
publication to reflect the prevailing exchange rate.
¶3. Begin text:
Indonesia
Although neither a regional financial center nor an offshore
financial haven, Indonesia is vulnerable to money laundering and
terrorist financing due to gaps in financial system regulation,
cash-based economy, the lack of effective law enforcement, and
corruption. Most money laundering in the country is connected to
nondrug criminal activity such as gambling, prostitution, bank
fraud, theft, credit card fraud, maritime piracy, sale of
counterfeit of goods, illegal logging, and corruption. Indonesia
also has a long history of smuggling, a practice facilitated by
thousands of miles of un-patrolled coastline, weak law enforcement
and poor customs infrastructure. The proceeds of illicit activities
are easily parked offshore and only repatriated as required for
commercial and personal needs.
In April 2002, Indonesia passed Law No. 15/2002 Concerning the Crime
of Money Laundering, making money laundering a criminal offense. The
law identifies 15 predicate offenses related to money laundering,
including narcotics trafficking and most major crimes. Law No.
15/2002 established the Financial Transactions Reports and Analysis
Centre (PPATK), Indonesia's financial intelligence unit (FIU) to
develop policy and regulations to combat money laundering and
terrorist financing.
Law No. 15/2002 stipulated important provisions to enhance
Indonesia's anti-money laundering regime, such as: obligating
financial service providers to submit suspicious transactions
reports and cash transaction reports; exempting reporting,
investigation and prosecution of criminal offenses of money
laundering from the provisions of bank secrecy that are stipulated
in Indonesia's banking law; placing the burden of proof on the
defendant; establishing the PPATK as an independent agency with the
duty and the authority to prevent and eradicate money laundering;
and establishing a clear legal basis for freezing and confiscating
the proceeds of crime.
In September 2003, Parliament passed Law No. 25/2003, amending Law
No. 15/2002, to further address FATF's concerns. Law No. 25/2003
provides a new definition for the crime of money laundering, making
it an offense for anyone to deal intentionally with assets known, or
reasonably suspected, to constitute proceeds of crime with the
purpose of disguising or concealing the origin of the assets. The
amendment removes the threshold requirement for proceeds of crime.
The amendment further expands the scope of regulations by expanding
the definition of reportable suspicious transactions to include
attempted or unfinished transactions. The amendment also shortens
the time to file a suspicious transactions report (STR) to three
days or less after the discovery of an indication of a suspicious
transaction. However, there is no clear legal obligation to report
STRs related to terrorist financing. The amendment makes it an
offense to disclose information about the reported transactions to
third parties, which carries a penalty of imprisonment for a maximum
of five years and a maximum fine of IDR one billion (approximately
U.S. $83,500).
Additionally, Articles 44 and 44A of Law 25/2003 provide for mutual
legal assistance with respect to money laundering cases, with the
ability to provide assistance using the compulsory powers of the
court. Article 44B imposes a mandatory obligation on the PPATK to
implement provisions of international conventions or international
recommendations on the prevention and eradication of money
laundering. In March 2006, the GOI expanded Indonesia's ability to
provide mutual legal assistance by enacting the first Mutual Legal
Assistance (MLA) Law (No. 1/2006), which establishes formal, binding
procedures to facilitate MLA with other states.
A proposed second amendment to the AML law was submitted to the
parliament in October 2006. If passed, it would require nonfinancial
service businesses and professionals who potentially could be
involved in money laundering, such as car dealers, real estate
companies, jewelry traders, notaries and public accountants, to
report suspicious transactions. The amendments also would include
civil asset forfeiture and give more investigative powers to the
PPATK, as well as the authority to block financial transactions
suspected of being related to money laundering. Despite these
provisions, the draft amendments appear to have remaining gaps when
measured against current AML/CTF international standards. The
amendment continued to be discussed in Parliament in mid-2008.
On April 17, 2007, Indonesia adopted a National Strategy 2007-2011
for the prevention and eradication of money laundering. The GOI
held two National Coordination Committee meetings in December 2007
and May 2008 to coordinate implementation of the national strategy.
Indonesia's FIU, PPATK, established in April 2002, became
operational in October 2003 and continues to make progress in
developing its human and institutional capacity. The PPATK is an
independent agency that receives, analyzes, and evaluates currency
and suspicious financial transaction reports, provides advice and
assistance to relevant authorities, and issues publications. As of
end-October 2008, the PPATK had received 20,741 (STRs) from 118
banks, 14 rural banks, and 103 nonbank financial institutions.
Approximately 8,700 of these STRs were received during 2008. The
agency also reported that it had received a total of over six
million cash transaction reports (CTRs) from 133 banks, 55
moneychangers, 51 rural banks, nine insurance companies, and three
securities companies. PPATK have submitted a total of 612 cases to
various law enforcement agencies based on their analysis of 1,215
STRs.
Nineteen cases involving the money laundering offense have been
successfully prosecuted to date. Sentences included imprisonment of
up to six to eight years and fines up to IDR 500 million (about U.S.
$41,700). STRs have triggered prosecution of additional cases
involving corruption, banking fraud and other financial crimes. The
Transnational Crime Coordination Center reports that the Indonesia
National Police have conducted 133 inquiries in 2008 (through
September) of financial crimes which have money laundering as an
element. PPATK reports there has been one case which has resulted
in successful prosecution to date in 2008. The case, brought in
central Jakarta court in January 2008, involved money laundering and
banking fraud and included three defendants. Defendant I (Sefrie
Roring) received 12 years imprisonment and a fine in the amount of
IDR 10 billion (about U.S. $835,000). Defendant II (Sahat Mangasi
Sianipar) received 8 years imprisonment and a fine in the amount of
IDR 10 billion. Defendant III (Hengky Martinus Roring) received 10
years imprisonment and a fine in the amount of IDR 10 billion.
These defendants collected funds from customers without a license
from Bank Indonesia and did not return the funds to the victims.
Therefore they were suspected of laundering the proceeds of fraud.
The PPATK actively pursues broader cooperation with relevant GOI
agencies. The PPATK has signed a total of 22 domestic memoranda of
understanding (MOUs) to assist in financial intelligence information
exchange with the following entities: Attorney General's Office
(AGO), Bank Indonesia (BI), the Capital Market Supervisory Agency -
Financial Institutions (BAPEPAM-LK), the Directorate General of
Taxation, Director General for Customs and Excise, the Ministry of
Forestry Center for International Forestry Research, the Indonesian
National Police, the Supreme Audit Board (BPK), the Corruption
Eradication Commission, the Judicial Commission, the Directorate
General of Immigration, the State Auditor, the Directorate General
of the Administrative Legal Affairs Department of Law and Human
Rights, the Anti-Narcotics National Board, the Province of Aceh, the
Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency, Elections Supervisory
Body, Banking University Perbanas Surabaya, University of Surabaya,
and Gajah Mada University.
Bank Indonesia (BI), the Indonesian Central Bank, issued Regulation
No. 3/10/PBI/2001, "The Application of Know Your Customer
Principles," on June 18, 2001. This regulation requires banks to
obtain information on prospective customers, including third party
beneficial owners, and to verify the identity of all owners, with
personal interviews if necessary. The regulation also requires banks
to establish special monitoring units and appoint compliance
officers responsible for implementation of the new rules and to
maintain adequate information systems to comply with the law. BI has
issued an Internal Circular Letter No. 6/50/INTERN, dated September
10, 2004 concerning Guidelines for the Supervision and Examination
of the Implementation of KYC and AML by Commercial Banks. In
addition, BI also issued a Circular Letter to Commercial Banks No.
6/37/DPNP dated September 10, 2004 concerning the Assessment and
Imposition of Sanctions on the Implementation of KYC and other
Obligations Related to Law on Money Laundering Crimes. BI is also
preparing Guidelines for Money Changers on Record Keeping and
Reporting Procedures, and Money Changer Examinations to be given by
BI examiners. Currently, banks must report all foreign exchange
transactions and foreign obligations to BI. Similar regulations for
non-bank financial institutions have also been implemented. The
decree of the head of the Capital Market and Financial Institutions
Supervisory Agency No. KEP-313/BL/2007, dated August 28, 2007,
amended Regulation No. V.D.10 to strengthen KYC principles. PPATK
and Bapepam-LK, in collaboration with the MCC Threshold Program and
USAID, carried out an extensive KYC campaign for non-bank financial
institutions in 2008.
With respect to the physical movement of currency, Article 16 of Law
No. 15/2002 contains a reporting requirement for any person taking
cash into or out of Indonesia in the amount of 100 million Rupiah or
more, or the equivalent in another currency, which must be reported
to the Director General of Customs and Excise. These reports must be
given to the PPATK in no later than five business days and contain
details of the identity of the person. Indonesia Central Bank
regulation 3/18/PBI/2001 and the Directorate General of Customs and
Excise Decree No.01/BC/2005 contain the requirements and procedures
of inspection, prohibition, and deposit of Indonesia Rupiah into or
out of Indonesia.
The Decree provides implementing guidance for Ministry of Finance
Regulation No.624/PMK. 2004 of December 31, 2004, and requires
individuals who import or export more than IDR 100 million in cash
(approximately U.S. $8,500) to declare such transactions to Customs.
This information is to be declared on the Indonesian Customs
Declaration (BC3.2). The cash declaration requirements do no cover
bearer negotiable instruments as required by FATF's Special
Recommendation IX. In addition, cash can only be restrained if the
passenger fails to disclose or a false declaration is made. In most
cases, the cash is returned to the traveler after a small
administrative penalty is applied. There is no clear authority to
stop, restrain or seize money that is suspected of promoting
terrorism or crime or constitutes the proceeds of crime. As of
end-October 2008, the PPATK has received more than 2,764 reports
from Customs on cross border cash carrying issues. The reports were
derived from airports in Jakarta and Denpasar, the seaports of Batam
and Tanjung Balai Karimun, Bandung, Batam, Denpasar, Medan and
Dumai. Despite these reports, detection capacity remains weak and
criminal penalties are limited and are not being applied.
Indonesia's bank secrecy law covers information on bank depositors
and their accounts. Such information is generally kept confidential
and can only be accessed by the authorities in limited
circumstances. However, Article 27(4) of the Law No. 15/2002
expressly exempts the PPATK from "the provisions of other laws
related to bank secrecy and the secrecy of other financial
transactions" in relation to its functions in receiving and
requesting reports and conducting audits of providers of financial
services. In addition, Article 14 of the Law No. 15/2002 exempts
providers of financial services from bank secrecy provisions when
carrying out their reporting obligations. Providers of financial
services, their officials, and employees are given protection from
civil or criminal action for making required disclosures under
Article 15 of the anti-money laundering legislation.
There is a mechanism to obtain access to confidential information
from financial institutions through BI regulation number
2/19/PBI/2000. PPATK has the authority to conduct supervision and
monitoring compliance of providers of financial services. PPATK may
also advise and assist relevant authorities regarding information
obtained by the PPATK in accordance with the provisions of this Law
No. 15/2002.
The GOI has limited formal instruments to trace and forfeit illicit
assets. Under the Indonesian legal system, confiscation against all
types of assets must be effected through criminal justice
proceedings and be based on a court order. Banking legislation
pending with the House of Representatives would allow BI to take
freezing action on its own authority. BI officials expect this
legislation to be approved in 2009. The GOI has no clear legal
mechanism to trace and freeze assets of individuals or entities on
the UNSCR 1267 Sanctions Committee's consolidated list, and there is
no clear administrative or judicial process to implement this
resolution and UNSCR 1373. While the BI circulates the consolidated
list to all banks operating in Indonesia, this interagency process
is too complex and inefficient to send out asset-freezing
instructions in a timely manner. In addition, no clear instructions
are provided to financial institutions as to what will happen when
assets are discovered. Banks also note that without very specific
information, the preponderance of similar names and inexact
addresses, along with lack of a unique identifier in Indonesia, make
identifying the accounts very difficult. Attempts to use a criminal
process are confusing and ad hoc at best, and rely on lengthy
investigation processes before consideration can be given to
freezing or forfeiting assets. Indonesia has a draft asset
forfeiture bill, which, if enacted, would give a wide range of
powers to investigating officials to identify and trace property.
Comprehensive figures for assets frozen, seized and/or forfeited are
not compiled in a central location. The Corruption Eradication
Commission reports that it seized, froze or confiscated assets in
corruption-related cases in the amount of IDR 404 billion (about
U.S. $33.7 million) in 2008, through October 31. This compares to
assets of IDR 45 billion (about U.S. $3.8 million) in 2007 and IDR
12.7 billion (about U.S. $1.06 million) in 2006.
Article 32 of Law No. 15/2002, as amended by Law No. 25/2003,
provides that investigators, public prosecutors and judges are
authorized to freeze any assets that are reasonably suspected to be
the proceeds of crime. Article 34 stipulates that if sufficient
evidence is obtained during the examination of the defendant in
court, the judge may order the sequestration of assets known or
reasonably suspected to be the proceeds of crime. In addition,
Article 37 provides for a confiscation mechanism if the defendant
dies prior to the rendition of judgment.
In August, 2006, the GOI enacted Indonesia's first Witness and
Victim Protection Law (No. 13/2006). Members have been chosen in
2008 for a new Witness and Victim Protection Body, established by
this law. Indonesia's AML Law and Government Implementing
Regulation No. 57/2003 also provide protection to whistleblowers and
witnesses. An additional implementing regulation, No. 44/2008,
issued May 2008, addressed provision of compensation, restitution
and assistance to witnesses and victims. The October 18, 2002
emergency counter-terrorism regulation, the Government Regulation in
Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia (Perpu), No. 1 of 2002 on
Eradication of Terrorism, criminalizes terrorism and provides the
legal basis for the GOI to act against terrorists, including the
tracking and freezing of assets. The Perpu provides a minimum of
three years and a maximum of 15 years imprisonment for anyone who is
convicted of intentionally providing or collecting funds that are
knowingly used in part or in whole for acts of terrorism. However,
the terrorist financing regulation appears to suffer from a number
of deficiencies. For example, the terrorist financing offense must
be linked to a specific act of terrorism and the prosecution must
prove that the offender specifically intended that the funds be used
for acts of terrorism. This regulation is necessary because
Indonesia's anti-money laundering law criminalizes the laundering of
"proceeds" of crimes, but it is often unclear to what extent
terrorism generates proceeds. Terrorist financing is therefore not
fully included as a predicate for the money laundering offence. In
October 2004, an Indonesian court convicted and sentenced one
Indonesian to four years in prison on terrorism charges connected to
his role in the financing of the August 2003 bombing of the Jakarta
Marriott Hotel. The PPATK issued Decision No.
Kep.13/1.02.2/PPATK/02/08, dated February 4, 2008, regarding
Guidelines on Identification of Suspicious Financial Transactions
related to Terrorism Financing for Financial Service Providers.
The GOI has begun to take into account alternative remittance
systems and charitable and nonprofit entities in its strategy to
combat terrorist financing and money laundering. Bank Indonesia
issued circular letter 8/32/DASB, issued December 20, 2006,
requiring registration of non-bank money remitters since January 1,
¶2007. BI intends to issue another circular in 2008 which will
replace this registration system with a licensing system, effective
January 1, 2009. Currently 13 non-bank money remitters have
registered with BI, and several others have pending registration
applications. The PPATK has issued guidelines for nonbank financial
service providers and money remittance agents on the prevention and
eradication of money laundering and the identification and reporting
of suspicious and other cash transactions. The PPATK issued Decision
no. KEP-47/1.02/PPATK/06/2008, dated June 2, 2008, regarding
Guidelines on the Identification of High Risk Products, Customers,
Business and Countries for Financial Service Providers. The GOI has
initiated a dialogue with charities and nonprofit entities to
enhance regulation and oversight of those sectors.
BI also issued the following provisions concerning money changers to
improve implementation of Recommendation 5 on Customer Due Diligence
and Record Keeping: BI Regulation No. 9/11/PBI/2007, dated
September 5, 2007; BI Circular Letter No. 9/23/DPM, dated October 8,
2007, concerning the permit procedure, implementation of KYC
principles, supervision, reporting and imposition of sanctions for
non-bank money changers; BI Circular Letter No. 9/36/DPND, dated
December 19, 2007, concerning the permit and reporting procedures
for banks which perform business activity as money changers; and BI
Circular Letter No. 9/38/DPBPR, dated December 28, 2007, concerning
the permit and reporting procedure for rural banks and sharia rural
banks which perform business activity as money changers. PPATK and
BI carried out an authorized money changer awareness campaign during
the second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008, in collaboration
with the Millennium Challenge Corporation Threshold Program and
USAID.
BI has effective legal powers and policies in place to ensure that
shell banks are not permitted, although there is no explicit
legislative prohibition on establishing a shell bank in Indonesia.
The bank licensing procedures followed by BI effectively precludes
establishment of a shell bank and BI Regulation 3/10/PBI/2003 as
amended by 5/21/PBI/2002 provides that banks in Indonesia are
required to refuse to open an account and/or conduct transactions
with any prospective customer incorporated as a shell bank.
Bearer shares appear to remain a feature of the Indonesian financial
system, as the law previously permitted both bearer and registered
shares. The new Limited Liability Company Law (Law 40/2007), August
16, 2007, prohibits bearer shares. This provision, in conjunction
with the new Investment Law, prevents parties from making nominee
arrangements. Complete implementing regulations have not yet been
issued for the new law and the process for removing bearer shares
from the system is not clear. Previously issued bearer shares
appear to remain valid.
The Indonesian government has established a number of special
economic zones to attract both foreign and domestic investment. In
2007, the House of Representatives approved establishment of FTZs in
the Batam, Bintan and Karimun islands. The GOI established a Batam-
Bintan- Karimun Free Trade Zone Council and has made preparations
for the implementation of free trade zone regulations. Batam
Island, located just south of Singapore, has long been a bonded zone
in which investment incentives have been offered to foreign and
domestic companies. In 2007, 973 foreign companies and joint
ventures had invested more than U.S. $1 billion in the zone.
Numerous Indonesian authorities perform supervision over firms
located in the special economic zones (the Investment Coordinating
Board, the Ministry of Laws and Human Rights, the Ministry of
Manpower, the Ministry of Finance). Supervision includes confirming
identities of investors. In Batam, other authorities exercising
supervision include the Batam Industrial Development Authority and
the Municipality of Batam. The GOI is currently in the process of
drafting regulations providing wider authority for Customs & Excise
officials to regulate the flow of goods through the new Batam FTZ,
given the FTZ's vulnerability to smuggling.
Indonesia is an active member of the Asia/Pacific Group on Money
Laundering (APG), and currently serves as the co-chair. The APG
conducted its second mutual evaluation of Indonesia in November 2007
and the report was discussed and adopted at the APG Annual Meeting
in July 2008. In June 2004, PPATK became a member of the Egmont
Group. The PPATK has pursued broader cooperation through the MOU
process and has concluded 27 MOUs, 25 of which were with other
Egmont FIUs. The PPATK has also entered into an Exchange of Letters
enabling international exchange with Hong Kong. Indonesia has signed
Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties with Australia, China and South
Korea. Indonesia joined other ASEAN nations in signing the ASEAN
Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters on November
29, 2004, though the GOI has not yet ratified the treaty. The
Indonesian Regional Law Enforcement Cooperation Centre was formally
opened in 2005 and was created to develop the operational law
enforcement capacity needed to fight transnational crimes.
The GOI has enacted Law No. 7/2007 to implement the 1988 UN Drug
Convention, to which it is a party. The GOI also has enacted Law No.
22/1997 Concerning Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, which makes
the possession, purchase or cultivation of narcotic drugs or
psychotropic substances for personal consumption a criminal offense.
The GOI is a party to the UN International Convention for the
Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and a party to the UN
Convention against Corruption. The GOI has signed but has yet to
ratify the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.
Indonesia is ranked 126 of 180 countries ranked in Transparency
International's 2007 Corruption Perception Index.
While the Government of Indonesia has made progress in constructing
an AML regime, efforts to combat terrorist financing have been weak.
Sustained public awareness campaigns, new bank and financial
institution disclosure requirements, and the PPATK's support for
Indonesia's first credible anti-corruption drive has led to
increased public awareness about money laundering and, to a lesser
degree, terrorist financing. Increased prosecution of high-profile
corruption cases in 2008 was an important advance in the GOI's
efforts to eradicate pervasive corruption. Further investment in
human and technical capacity and greater interagency cooperation are
needed to develop an effective anti-money laundering regime. The
highest levels of GOI leadership should continue to demonstrate
strong support for strengthening Indonesia's anti-money laundering
regime. In particular, the GOI must continue to improve capacity and
interagency cooperation in analyzing suspicious and cash
transactions, investigating and prosecuting cases, and achieving
deterrent levels of convictions. As part of this effort, Indonesia
should review and streamline its process for reviewing UN
designations and identifying, freezing and seizing terrorist assets,
and become a party to the UN Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime.
End text.
¶4. Post point of contact for the draft text is Economic Officer
Debra Juncker (JunckerDA@state.gov; Tel: 62-21-3435-9074; Fax:
62-21-3435-9935.
HUME