Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 08RIYADH1230, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IN SAUDI: NEXT
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #08RIYADH1230.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08RIYADH1230 | 2008-08-11 16:10 | 2011-06-26 00:00 | SECRET | Embassy Riyadh |
|
Appears in these articles: http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/06/13/115715/wikileaks-cables-show-worry-about.html |
||||
VZCZCXYZ0009
OO RUEHWEB
DE RUEHRH #1230/01 2241610
ZNY SSSSS ZZH
O 111610Z AUG 08
FM AMEMBASSY RIYADH
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8948
INFO RUEHJI/AMCONSUL JEDDAH IMMEDIATE 9673
RUEHRH/CHUSMTM RIYADH SA IMMEDIATE
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RHMFISS/COMUSCENTAF SHAW AFB SC IMMEDIATE
RHRMAKS/COMUSNAVCENT IMMEDIATE
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
RUEAUSA/DEPT OF HHS WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RUEKDIA/DIA WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
RUEAHLC/HOMELAND SECURITY CENTER WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE 0235
RHMFISS/HQ USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL IMMEDIATE
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON DC IMMEDIATE
S E C R E T RIYADH 001230
SIPDIS
DEPARTMENT FOR NEA/ARP, S/CT, AND PM
WHITE HOUSE FOR OVP
E.O. 12958: DECL: 08/10/2018
TAGS: ECON ENRG EPET PGOV PINR PREL PTER SA
SUBJECT: CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IN SAUDI: NEXT
STEPS
Classified By: Charge' d'Affaires Michael Gfoeller
for reasons 1.4 (B) and (D)
¶1. (S) SUMMARY. The enormous Saudi energy facilities located
in the Kingdom's Eastern Province, which provide
approximately 12 percent of global oil supply, remain highly
vulnerable to external attack. Even partial disruption of
these production facilities would have an immediate impact on
oil supplies and prices, with a likely devastating impact on
the U.S. national economy and the global economy as a whole.
The Technical Cooperation Agreement (TCA) on Critical
Infrastructure Protection (CIP) signed at the US-Saudi Summit
Meeting in May by the Secretary and Saudi Interior Minister
Prince Nayif bin Abd al-Aziz created a Joint Commission to
oversee bilateral cooperation in implementing CIP. Developing
and implementing the Joint Commission's technical work
program is a foremost priority to ensure the production and
supply of Saudi oil is secure from terrorist attack. As we
move to stand up the Joint Commission, Embassy Riyadh
proposes the attached substantive work plan for the next
12-18 months, which Saudi Ministry of Interior (MOI)
interlocutors have confirmed corresponds to their priorities.
In addition, we should also make progress on setting up the
management and financial structure of the Joint Commission,
without which the substantive work program cannot move
forward swiftly and efficiently. END SUMMARY.
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
--------- ---------
¶2. (S) Background: During President Bush's May 2008 visit to
the Kingdom, Secretary Rice signed the
Technical Cooperation Agreement authorizing the formation of
the Joint Commission on Infrastructure and
Border Protection. Developing and implementing the
Commission's technical work program is a foremost
priority to ensure the supply of Saudi oil is secure from
attack. The Saudi Ministry of Interior's (MOI)
first priority for the existing Joint Working Group (JWG) on
Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) and
the new Joint Commission on Infrastructure and Border
Protection is completing work on contingency planning
for key critical infrastructure facilities. The MOI is
deeply concerned about possible attacks on these
facilities by Al-Qaeda or other terrorist networks, whether
domestic or international, or by hostile
neighbors, particularly Iran.
¶3. (S) This contingency planning provides for systematic
study, planning, and regular exercising - before
a catastrophic attack - to ensure resiliency of capability
and operations. It provides for designing
system redundancy ahead of time, and planning for both
government and company measures which allow
maximum recoverability of operations in the fastest possible
period of time. Proper contingency planning
mitigates the worst consequences of an attack. Together with
proper security measures, contingency planning
provides for continuity of business and operations under
extreme conditions.
¶4. (S) So far, the Joint Working Group (JWG) on Critical
Infrastructure Protection (CIP) and a select
inter-agency team have completed a review of a number of
existing Saudi contingency plans, including those
from Saudi Aramco, SABIC (petrochemical), SWEC (water), SEC
(power), the Royal Commissions of Yanbu and
Jubail (integrated industrial cities), and Civil Defense, a
department within MOI (civil response). The
plans were generally found to be less than credible, given
high terrorism and transnational threats to
key installations. The Saudi Aramco plans were better
developed than some of the others. Yet while
the plans were of superior quality, they do not appear to be
regularly exercised, so the assessors remain
doubtful they could be implemented to a high standard.
¶5. (S) In our JWG meetings to date with the MOI, we have
explained the U.S. government-industry partnership
model for contingency planning - we coordinate jointly, and
engage in regular crisis simulations and
exercises together to practice this cooperation. We noted
the USG is responsible for continuity and
response plans, while industry is responsible for continuity
of operations and recovery plans.
PROPOSED NEXT STEPS IN CONTINGENCY PLANNING
-------- --------------- --------------
¶6. (S) The next steps include conducting a gap analysis of
the existing Saudi contingency plans, carrying
out mitigation planning, and working with the MOI and the
Saudi parastatal firms (e.g., Saudi Aramco, SABIC,
SEC, SWEC) to develop generally more robust contingency
planning documents. Finally, we should work with
the MOI and these parastatal firms to conduct table top
exercises, and eventually, full-scale crisis
simulations. The annual planning and exercise cycles should
be followed by comprehensive plan reviews.
In the future, this work may be coordinated through the JWG
on CIP, as well as the newly-established
Joint Working Group on Homeland Security.
¶7. (S) The completion of vulnerability assessments, as noted
below, should proceed simultaneously, as this work
will provide additional engineering and security knowledge
for the contingency planning.
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF OIL FACILITIES
---------- -------------------- -----
¶8. (S) We have worked with the Ministry of Interior since
2006 to identify the Kingdom's most critical
infrastructure and assess its vulnerabilities. We have
provided preliminary security recommendations
to defend several of the most important energy installations,
including Abqaiq, Qateef Junction, Ras Tanura,
and the Royal Commission cities of Jubail and Yanbu.
However, in light of the increasing threat facing
these facilities, the paradigm has changed. We are now
moving to apply in Saudi Arabia the same model
we use to protect nuclear facilities internationally - a
highly-rigorous, mathematical, and engineering-based
model. This model is named Design-Based Threat (DBT), which
has been presented to the Kingdom by Sandia
National Laboratories under the direction of the Department
of Energy. Sandia has provided similar training
to forces protecting nuclear facilities all over the world
where the USG deems it in our strategic national
interest.
¶9. (S) In June 2007, under the direction of a technical team
from Sandia Labs, a twenty-two person security
team composed of officials from the Ministry of Interior, and
security officials from Saudi Aramco, SABIC,
SEC, and SWEC (the energy, petrochemical, power and water
sectors) completed a ranking of the Kingdom's most
important critical infrastructure. Facilities were ranked as
Tier I, II, and III according to their criticality
to the Kingdom and world. The Sandia team also provided
associated training to these officials on threat-based design
and improving security at individual installations.
¶10. (S) Training included identifying internal and external
threats (also domestic vs. international),
the motivations, intentions and capabilities of these threats
(group size, weapons, explosives, tools,
transport, skills, funding, collusion, etc.), collecting and
organizing threat-related information,
formalizing threat-related information, defining a
threat-based design from the threat assessment,
and introducing the threat-based design into the national
regulatory framework.
PROPOSED NEXT STEPS IN VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
--------- ----------------- ----------------
¶11. (S) In order to understand the vulnerabilities of the
Kingdom's infrastructure at an in-depth level,
we must move from the 2-3 day "walk-the-fence" security
overviews we have conducted in the past. We used
these overviews to provided useful but preliminary security
recommendations to the MOI.
¶12. (S) The Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is an in-depth,
technical review of the facility's operational
and security systems. The VA includes a 2-week on-site data
collection and discussion period, followed by
a month-long data analysis period. The Saudi MOI would
receive VA results and recommendations within about
one month after completion of the on-site data collection in
Saudi Arabia. We are particularly concerned to
identify Abqaiq components which were custom-manufactured
several decades ago, in the 1970s, and for which
Saudi Aramco may have no replacements or spare parts. Such
single-point failures would be of grave concern.
¶13. (S) The assessment of Abqaiq Plants, the Kingdom's most
critical facility, is currently ongoing and will
be completed by late August, 2008. An in-depth analysis of
Abqaiq's engineering plans and drawings, along
with extended access to and discussion with key technical
personnel, are being done to better understand the
plant's specific vulnerabilities. The Saudis' willingness to
share this level of technical detail with us
on the world's most important petroleum facility is
unprecedented in our relationship. Only two
successive Presidential visits and the signing of the TCA
could have made this level of cooperation possible.
¶14. (S) After conducting the VA of Abqaiq, we recommend the
next move be a similar assessment of the Ras Tanura Complex.
Ras Tanura is Saudi Arabia's largest crude oil export
facility, and includes export facilities,
tank farms, Sea Island crude loading facility, a refinery,
and a host of other associated facilities.
Ras Tanura can export more than 5 million-plus barrels/day of
crude, and should be the USG's next facility
of major concern. A VA of Ras Tanura will be several orders
of magnitude more complex than Abqaiq, as the
complex is vast, over 10 kilometers long, and includes both
land-based and maritime facilities. In spite
of these difficulties, given Ras Tanura's role in crude
exports, conducting a VA of Ras Tanura is key to
USG interests.
¶15. (S) After conducting VAs of these two facilities, we
should engage the MOI in discussions regarding the
next target for a VA, using a list of Tier I facilities to
guide our discussions. The next target facility
could be a major desalination or power plant, which may not
meet specific USG interests. However, the
Saudi government could view such facilities as critical to
its ability to sustain essential services to
its population. We may wish to propose a VA of the Jubail
Desalinization Plant (second on the Saudi's list
of critical infrastructure after Abqaiq), an argument which
likely find favor with the Saudi government. The
Jubail Desalinization Plant provides Riyadh with over 90% of
its drinking water. Riyadh would have to evacuate
within a week if the plant, its pipelines, or associated
power infrastructure were seriously damaged or
destroyed. The current structure of the Saudi government
could not exist without the Jubail Desalinization
Plant.
¶16. (S) Future work on VA issues should be coordinated
through the JWG on CIP, as well as the newly-established
Joint Working Groups on Ports and Oil Terminals, and JWG on
Coast Guard.
NATIONAL THREAT NOTIFICATION SYSTEM PLANNING
--------------- -------------------------
¶17. (S) Saudi Arabia currently has no coordinated, national
threat notification system. Individual firms,
such as Saudi Aramco, do have threat warning systems.
However, they are not coordinated or linked with a
government security force threat warning system. Development
of a national threat warning system is critical
to the MOI's ability to protect critical infrastructure from
terrorism or other threats, and to carry out
robust civil response functions.
¶18. (S) During a July DOE delegation visit to Riyadh led by
Assistant Secretary Kolevar, DOE Infrastructure
System Analyst Vandermey presented a brief to Saudi Joint
Working Group Co-Chair Dr. Saud-Al Semari on the
U.S. threat warning systems. She explained DHS's Homeland
Security Advisory System and the U.S. Coast Guard
Maritime Security System (MARSEC). Our MOI interlocutors
were particularly impressed to learn how the USG
works with industry in implementing the threat warning
system, sharing information on an as-needed basis, and
even sponsoring some industry personnel for security
clearances so that information could be better shared.
MOI, DOE, and Embassy interlocutors discussed the utility of
restricting a specific threat warning to a given
region, city, or industrial sector.
PROPOSED NEXT STEPS IN NATIONAL THREAT NOTIFICATION SYSTEM
-------- ------------------ -------------------------
¶19. (S) Dr. Saud-Al Semari requested the USG make available
an employee who is familiar with the U.S. threat
warning systems to assist the MOI in implementing a threat
warning system for Saudi Arabia. DOE Assistant
Secretary Kevin Kolevar offered DOE Infrastructure System
Analyst Carissa Vandermay to provide initial guidance
in August 2008. We are waiting for an MOI response to this
offer, which we expect to be strongly positive.
After these initial meetings, we should identify a USG
expert, Vandermay if possible, for an additional 1-2
months in the Kingdom to further develop the national threat
warning system. In the future, this work may
be coordinated through the newly-established Joint Working
Group on Homeland Security.
FACILITIES SECURITY FORCES TRAINING
---------------- -----------------
¶20. (S) By 2007, the Saudi MOI had identified the Facilities
Security Force (FSF) as the primary organization
responsible for protecting the country's critical energy
infrastructure. They determined the force would
be organized and trained for defensive and offensive missions
in the protection of oil, gas, national power,
and other sites that were heretofore under the protection of
various branches of the MOI and MODA. Proposed civilian
nuclear power production facilities would also be under he
FSF umbrella. MOI is in the process of recruiting
and training an entirely new force of 35,000 personnel for
this purpose. To date, over 10,000 new recruits
have been put through initial training, with forces from the
Ministry of Defense and Aviation (MODA) and the Saudi
Arabian National Guard (SANG) reinforcing the FSF in its role
until the FSF is fully staffed.
¶21. (S) Since the 2007 JWG discussions, the FSF has been a
component of the JWG framework. FSF officers
participated in the June 2007 workshop on threat analysis and
contingency planning. Based on this training,
in January 2008, a highly experienced group of Sandia
trainers conducted an assessment of several FSF
training centers, training doctrine, and courses. The
Embassy's Defense Attach Office and Economic section
also participated.
¶22. (S) The assessment provided MOI with recommendations on a
number of key organizational changes to support
the MOI's goal of rapidly expanding FSF manpower to assume
security responsibilities. The assessment team
recommended FSF quickly expand the Training Department, and
separate it from the FSF Operations Unit.
With this new emphasis on training, the training staff could
recruit and train more instructors. They recommended
a more rigorous process for selecting trainers with the
appropriate background (much of the FSF instructor
staff was taken from MOI and MODA units that are devoted to
traditional combat arms, rather than facilities protection).
The assessment team recommended FSF seek new training
technology to improve the standard of
training. Additionally, the assessment team encouraged MOI
to fully support the establishment of a dedicated
FSF academy and the expansion of FSF training facilities.
PROPOSED NEXT STEPS FOR FACILITIES SECURITY FORCES
------------ --------- ---------------------
¶23. (S) The FSF is rapidly assuming its role as a 35,000-plus
man uniformed security force charged with defending
Saudi Arabia's critical infrastructure. This includes
defending Saudi Arabia's critical infrastructure
against terrorist attack, and could include close cooperation
and coordination with MODA and SANG in the event of an
attack by a regional neighbor. A large training contract
will be required to support the creation of the FSF,
along the lines of what private contractors such as Vinnel do
now under the auspices of the Office of the Program Manager -
Saudi Arabian National Guard (OPM-SANG). However, even after
a training contract is signed with a suitable contractor,
significant USG personnel assets would be necessary to
support the creation and training of the FSF, and to advise
its leadership.
¶24. (S) There seems to be a clear role for DOD and CENTCOM to
play here. Training, equipment, and doctrine would
all seem to be areas in which CENTCOM could bring a great
deal to the table. The MOI is moving ahead swiftly to
train the FSF, regardless of our involvement. They have
already asked Pakistan and other forces to assist in
this training during the past year, as we have been unable to
respond quickly with further assistance. The nature
of the Facilities Security Force's mission places it squarely
in CENTCOM's area of responsibility (AOR). It
seems advisable to expedite the USG efforts to train and
equip the FSF, in order to assure this vital
initiative remains within the purview of U.S.- Saudi
security cooperation, instead of being subcontracted to a
third state. DoD involvement, of course, is predicated upon
obtaining the proper legal authorities.
CREATING A FINANCING PIPELINE
-----------------------------
¶25. (S) The MOI has told us multiple times they are ready to
pay nearly all the costs of CIP implementation.
The CIP Agreement contains this Saudi commitment. An
essential next step in this regard is the establishment of
the necessary financial pipeline, which would consist of a
bank account at the Federal Reserve, under the Treasury
Department's supervision. One available option for this
financing might be the old account once used by the US-Saudi
Joint Economic Commission (JECOR), which still exists. Once
we have the account established, MOI has promised to begin to
fund CIP activities. CIP implementation should then progress
quickly, while placing a minimal financial burden on the USG.
ESTABLISHING A CIP COORDINATOR POSITION
----------- -------------------------
¶26. (S) CIP will be a complex undertaking. Proper
implementation of this major initiative will require a
dedicated, senior-level officer at post, operating under the authority
of the Chief of Mission. Given the Saudis' sense of urgency
regarding CIP and the very real nature of the threat from
Iran and al-Qaeda to the Kingdom's energy sector, this
position should be created and staffed as son as possible. The
incumbent would oversee all aspects of CIP implementation at
post and deal on a daily basis with senior figures in the Saudi
government, especially the MOI, on CIP issues. The incumbent
would also oversee all other personnel at post involved in
CIP implementation.
AN HISTORIC OPPORTUNITY TO COUNTER A MAJOR THREAT
----------- ------------ ---------------------
¶27. (S) COMMENT AND RECOMMENDATION: The continuing
vulnerability of Saudi Arabia's strategic oil and gas
production facilities represents an Achilles' heel for US
strategic interests in the Kingdom and the broader Gulf
region, not to mention US economic security in general. In
the estimation of the MOI, these facilities face a serious
threat from both al-Qaeda and Iran. Al-Qaeda in fact
attacked one of the Kingdom's key energy sector sites, the
Abqaiq oil and gas separator, in February 2006. Describing
the terrorists' failure in that assault, Prince Muhammad bin
Naif remarked to the Charge', "We did not save Abqaiq, God
did." Had the attack been successful, it could have reduced
Saudi Arabia's oil production and export capacity severely,
in addition to drastically impacting the Saudi gas industry.
The effect on oil prices of a successful repeat attack on
Abqaiq or another key energy sector site would be
catastrophic. The Saudis realize this. Indeed, it was the
psychological shock produced by the Abqaiq incident that
first led the Saudis to consider creating the Facilities
Security Force, begin CIP talks with the USG, and conclude
the CIP Agreement with us this May.
¶28. (S) USG participation in CIP could offer us tremendous
opportunities. CIP implementation has huge commercial
potential, which could be measured in billions of dollars
worth of contracts. More importantly, it would result in the
largest expansion of USG influence in Saudi Arabia in a
generation, via the creation of a qualitatively new
relationship with the MOI. If we move quickly, we can seize this
opportunity. If we wait too long, the Saudis could potentially
decide to offer it to one of our competitors. Such a
development would lead to a permanent loss of US influence in
this strategically vital country. We therefore recommend
rapid implementation of the proposed CIP work plan,
establishment of a CIP funding mechanism, and the creation
and staffing of a senior-level CIP Coordinator position at
Embassy Riyadh under the authority of the Chief of Mission.
END COMMENT AND RECOMMENDATION.
GFOELLER