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Viewing cable 08TALLINN243, FRAUD SUMMARY - TALLINN: 3rd QUARTER 2008

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
08TALLINN243 2008-07-16 05:52 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Tallinn
VZCZCXRO7894
PP RUEHAG RUEHAST RUEHDA RUEHDF RUEHFL RUEHIK RUEHKW RUEHLA RUEHLN
RUEHLZ RUEHPOD RUEHROV RUEHSR RUEHVK RUEHYG
DE RUEHTL #0243/01 1980552
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 160552Z JUL 08
FM AMEMBASSY TALLINN
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0708
INFO RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
RUEHFT/AMCONSUL FRANKFURT 3090
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 TALLINN 000243 
 
DEPT FOR CA/FPP; PLEASE PASS TO KCC: POSTS FOR FRAUD PREVENTION 
MANAGERS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958:  N/A 
TAGS: CMGT KFRD ASEC CVIS CPAS EN
SUBJECT: FRAUD SUMMARY - TALLINN: 3rd QUARTER 2008 
 
REF: A) 07 TALLINN 938 B) 07 TALLINN 759 C)07 STATE 83571 
 
1. COUNTRY CONDITIONS: Initial estimates indicate Estonia's economic 
growth has slowed significantly in FY08, causing some alarm among 
economic analysts and the general public. That said, labor shortages 
continue to exist in the country both as a result of declining birth 
rates and outsourcing of Estonia's labor-pool to other parts of the 
EU.  Unemployment for calendar year 2007 was estimated at 5.2 
percent nationally, but varied considerably from region to region, 
with higher unemployment notable in the Russian-speaking, Eastern 
parts of the country.  In most Estonian families, both husband and 
wife are employed. 
 
A large ethnic Russian minority (about 29%) resides in Estonia. 
Significant divisions between them and the Estonian majority remain, 
as evidenced by the disturbances that followed the GoE's decision to 
relocate a Soviet-era, World War II Memorial in April 2007 (reftel 
A).  Public and GOE discussion of integration issues increased 
significantly immediately following the riots and the GOE approved 
the second phase of its integration strategy (2008-2013) in April. 
 
 
Presently, approximately 115,000 persons in Estonia are considered 
stateless and travel on Estonian-issued "alien passports", also 
known as gray passports, which accord some travel privileges to EU 
and Schengen countries but not the same as those guaranteed to 
Estonian passports. The number of stateless persons is decreasing 
steadily, although a new regulation in Russian law, allowing 
stateless passport holders from Estonia to travel visa-free to 
Russia, may slow this process. 
 
In the first half of FY08, 92.5 percent of Posts' NIV applicants 
held Estonian passports, 2.7 percent stateless alien passports, 3.6 
percent Russian passports, and just over one percent passports from 
some other country.  Estonia has issued machine-readable passports 
since February 2002, a photo-digitized since May 2005 and an 
E-passport with biometric data chip since May 2007.  Alien passports 
are made to the same standard as the Estonian citizen passports. 
 
The volume of Estonian travel to the United States is relatively 
low, due largely to the country's small population, and the 
relatively small Estonian-American population in the United States. 
Moreover, no direct, commercial flights exist between Estonia and 
the United States.  A weakening dollar, however, has made travel to 
the U.S. more attractive and affordable for Estonians. 
 
Russian and Estonian organized crime groups exist in Estonia and 
members sometimes seek U.S. visas. 
 
(SBU) NB: As of March 30, 2008 Estonia is a fully integrated member 
of the Schengen area.  The transition has passed smoothly, though 
some, including GoE and EU officials, worry that a lack of human 
capital in the Border services will undermine the country's ability 
to police its borders. 
 
2. NIV FRAUD: No significant changes from the previous fraud 
summary.  Post continues to verify suspicious applicant-provided 
information using various online resources, including but not 
limited to Lexis-Nexis, CCD, and Estonian search mechanisms to 
verify personal, financial and business information.  While no 
significant NIV fraud was detected, Post has encountered a handful 
of applicants trying to enter under false pretenses by using 
illegitimate contact data. 
 
In particular, Post has noted a high incidence of fraud among 
applicants using contact addresses and phone numbers from Brooklyn, 
NY and invariably scrutinizes individuals making use of them.  One 
applicant recently utilized a false contact name and phone number 
linked to the "Costone" fraud scheme which is prevalent in Ukraine. 
It is not clear if the individual whose phone number was used, 
Mikhail Dakhe, is linked to the scheme. 
 
Moreover, while no fraud has thus far been detected, it is notable 
that Post has witnessed a surge in Indian citizen applicants (6), in 
the third quarter of FY08. 
 
3. IV FRAUD: To date, no fraud has been detected among IV applicants 
in Tallinn. Post began full IV and DV processing in May 2007. 
 
4. DV FRAUD: See above regarding IV fraud. 
 
5. ACS AND PASSPORT FRAUD: None detected since previous fraud 
summary. 
 
6. ADOPTION: No change from previous fraud summary. 
 
7. ASYLUM AND OTHER DHS FRAUD: As reported in (reftel B), Post, in 
November 2007, completed processing of two VISAS-92 cases in which 
 
TALLINN 00000243  002 OF 002 
 
 
it noted evidence of fraud in the petitioners own asylum application 
to DHS. 
 
8. COOPERATION WITH HOST GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES: Host country 
security services continue to provide information about persons and 
businesses with potentially criminal elements.  Recently, the GoE 
helped Post learn of an establishment with links to prostitution. 
Additionally, the GoE continues to feed data into Post's fully 
automated reporting of Estonian lost and stolen passports (reftel 
C). 
 
(SBU): Estonia continues its drive to enter the Visa Waiver Program 
(VWP).  A series of meetings took place between GoE and DHS 
officials in the third quarter of 2008 during the visit of a DHS 
Initial Designation Review Team.  The team visited in early April 
and upon leaving, expressed a favorable view of its findings 
relative to Estonia's customs and border infrastructure. 
 
9. AREAS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN: With Estonia now part of the 
Schengen zone, there is concern that illegal immigration into 
Estonia may increase as the country provides a gateway to onward 
passport-free travel to the rest of the EU. There is also concern 
that Third country nationals will try to use fraudulent Estonian 
travel documents to enter other Schengen countries. 
 
10. STAFFING AND TRAINING: The Consular Section consists of two 
officers, one consular associate and two FSNs. Everyone assists with 
fraud prevention work as required. Both officers have completed 
PC-541 Fraud Prevention for Consular Managers. The Visa Assistant 
has recently completed PC-542 FSN Fraud Prevention. 
 
DECKER