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Viewing cable 08LAPAZ301, BOLIVIA: INPUT FOR 2008 SPECIAL 301 REVIEW

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
08LAPAZ301 2008-02-14 21:45 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy La Paz
VZCZCXYZ0000
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHLP #0301/01 0452145
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 142145Z FEB 08
FM AMEMBASSY LA PAZ
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 6438
INFO RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS LA PAZ 000301 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
IPE JENNIFER BOGER 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV ECON KIPR BL
SUBJECT: BOLIVIA: INPUT FOR 2008 SPECIAL 301 REVIEW 
 
REF: 07 LA PAZ 435 
 
------- 
SUMMARY 
------- 
 
1. (U) Post recommends that Bolivia remain on the Special 301 
Watch List in 2008.  Piracy and counterfeiting remain serious 
problems, existing intellectual property rights (IPR) 
legislation remains weak, and enforcement remains inadequate. 
 Post believes prospects for improvement are slim, especially 
given the Morales' administration's inattention to IPR.  Post 
does not recommend any stronger steps against Bolivia at this 
time, however, as such an action could encourage 
anti-American rhetoric and damage ongoing USAID and Embassy 
efforts to create an education and outreach program on IPR 
with the Bolivian government and the general public.  End 
summary. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - 
IPR VIOLATIONS RAMPANT 
- - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
2. (U) Piracy and counterfeiting are widespread.  Bootleg 
CDs, DVDs, and other goods are sold on street corners and ion 
stores across the country, and vendors operate with no fear 
of punishment. Prominent IP lawyers estimate that there are 
no legal sources of audio-visual materials in most of the 
country.  Counterfeiting, according to Pfizer executives, is 
an equally serious problem, with domestic sales undercut by 
copycat products and companies' reputations damaged by 
ineffective or dangerous knockoffs. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
IPR LEGISLATION, ENFORCEMENT WEAK 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
3. (U) Existing IPR legislation remains weak.  The 1992 
Copyright Law predates the international standards 
established under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects 
of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) and falls short of 
obligations under the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO 
Performances and Phonograms Treaty, both of which Bolivia has 
signed but not yet ratified. 
 
4. (U) IPR enforcement efforts are inadequate, despite 
recognition of copyright infringement as a public offense in 
the 1992 Copyright Law and provisions for the criminal 
prosecution of IPR violations in the 2001 Criminal Procedures 
Code.  Criminal charges are rarely filed, and civil suits, if 
pursued, run into long delays.  Criminal penalties are 
limited to up to five years in jail, and civil penalties are 
restricted to the recovery of direct economic damages. 
Bolivian customs authorities continue to try to intercept 
counterfeit goods shipments at international borders, but the 
customs service lacks the human and financial resources 
needed to be effective. 
 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
DRAFT CONSTITUTION WEAKENS PHARMA PROTECTION 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 
5. (U) It is not certain if the new constitution drafted by 
the ruling Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party will pass 
unchanged or at all.  If it were to pass, however, the draft 
constitution would weaken property rights, particularly for 
pharmaceuticals.  The new constitution would allow for 
private property rights only if they have a social function 
and are not against the "collective interest."  Intellectual 
property rights for traditional knowledge and cultural items 
would be emphasized.  (Comment: The Bolivian National 
Intellectual Property Service is already focusing on this 
registry, to the detriment of industrial property claims. End 
comment.)  The public would be given a role in "medical 
system decisions", and the medical system would specifically 
prioritize the use of generics.  In addition, the draft 
constitution states that "access to medicines can not be 
restricted due to intellectual property rights." 
 
- - - - 
Comment 
- - - - 
 
6. (U) Post believes that short-term prospects for greater 
recognition and protection of IP are slim.  The US Mission in 
Bolivia is, however, currently developing a public outreach 
campaign to attempt to improve knowledge of IP in the 
government and select public audiences.  While the IPR 
situation in Bolivia merits continued standing on the Watch 
List, Post recommends against any stronger action at this 
time.  Placement of Bolivia on the Priority Watch List would 
have no positive practical effect, and Post's plans for an IP 
education campaign within the Bolivian government would be 
damaged if Bolivian officials reacted to a change in Special 
301 status.  For these reasons, Post recommends no change to 
Bolivia's Special 301 Watch List status.  End comment. 
GOLDBERG