Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 08BRASILIA130, BRAZIL: USTR OCR MEETING WITH GOB OFFICIALS
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #08BRASILIA130.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 08BRASILIA130 | 2008-01-25 18:39 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Brasilia |
VZCZCXRO1544
PP RUEHRG
DE RUEHBR #0130/01 0251839
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 251839Z JAN 08
FM AMEMBASSY BRASILIA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0921
INFO RUEHSO/AMCONSUL SAO PAULO 1512
RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 5725
RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 7637
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 BRASILIA 000130
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR EB/TPP/IPE JENNIFER BOGER
DEPT PASS USPTO
DEPT PASS USTR FOR KATHERINE DUCKWORTH AND JENNIFER CHOE GROVES
USDOC FOR ITA/MAC/OIPR CASSIE PETERS
USDOC FOR ITA/MAC/WH/OLAC/MCAMPOS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: KIPR ETRD ECON BR
SUBJECT: BRAZIL: USTR OCR MEETING WITH GOB OFFICIALS
REF: A) State 107819; B) Brasilia 1620; C) Brasilia 680; D) Brasilia
2813 E) Brasilia 2038 F) Page e-mail 1/17/08
¶1. (SBU) Summary and Introduction: On January 15, Deputy Assistant
United States Trade Representative (DAUSTR) Chris Wilson and
delegation met privately with Hadil Vianna, Director for Scientific
and Technical Affairs (DCT) at the Ministry of External Relations
(MRE) and later with members of the GoB's Inter-Ministerial Group on
Intellectual Property (GIPI), which Vianna chairs, to discuss USTR's
ongoing Special 301 Out-Of-Cycle Review (OCR) of Brazil's IPR
practices. Vianna emphasized overall "excellent" USG-GOB relations
and said he hoped the IP dialogue would be equally positive. He
noted increased Brazilian public awareness of IPR issues, but said
many in the GoB do not feel the USG has sufficiently recognized
Brazilian IPR efforts. He added that the GoB does not recognize its
inclusion on any intellectual property (IP) violators list (such as
the Special 301 or the EU's similar listing).
¶2. (SBU) The meeting was well-attended by representatives of the
Inter-Ministerial group (GIPI) and a variety of copyright and patent
issues were addressed. Otavio Brandelli, Chief of the Division of
Intellectual Property at the MRE, noted a new emphasis by the
National Council to Combat Piracy (CNCP) on targeting demand for
pirated goods and said CNCP members had not raised internet piracy
as an issue. Vianna added that, despite low internet penetration
rates, the GoB takes internet piracy seriously, having raised it at
the last Internet Governance Forum (IGF) meeting. Brandelli also
described a new CNCP legislative proposal that would, among other
initiatives, streamline the destruction process of seized
contraband. Deputy CNCP Executive Secretary Ana Lucia Soares
reported a decrease in demand for pirated goods in the country's
lower-income northeastern region. Representatives for the Receita
Federal (Brazilian IRS/Customs), the Rodoviaria Federal (Brazilian
Federal Highway Patrol), the Brazilian Federal Police and the
Ministry of Agriculture reported ongoing modernization and training
efforts as well as enforcement activities. All except Rodoviaria
reported an increase in contraband seizures. An official from the
National Health Vigilance Agency (ANVISA - the Brazilian FDA
equivalent) described Brazil's ongoing battle against counterfeit
medicine and outlined future ANVISA efforts in this area.
¶3. (SBU) Regarding U.S. concerns about textbook copying, Marcos
Alves de Souza, General Coordinator for Copyrights at the Ministry
of Culture, said the GoB is exploring use of a collective management
system (including internet sales) or taxes on media and reproductive
machines to ensure remuneration of rights holders. A National
Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) spokesperson said INPI had
increased human resources to address its patent backlog and was
implementing the e-MARCAS registration system. Brandelli called the
compulsory licensing of the Merck anti-retroviral drug Stocrin an
"unusual event" in Brazilian history that took place after all
negotiations had failed, and insisted that the action was TRIPS
compliant. An ANVISA representative defended his agency's handling
of data package protection. End Summary and Introduction.
¶4. (SBU) On January 15, Deputy Assistant United States Trade
Representative (DAUSTR) Chris Wilson and delegation met privately
with Hadil Vianna, Director for Scientific and Technical Affairs
(DCT) at the Ministry of External Relations (MRE) prior to meeting
with members of the GoB's Inter-Ministerial Group on Intellectual
Property (GIPI), which Vianna chairs, to discuss USTR's ongoing
Out-Of-Cycle Review (OCR). GIPI includes representatives from the
Ministries of Science and Technology; Justice; Health; Culture;
Environment; Agriculture; External Relations; Development, Industry
and Trade; and a representative of the President's office, Casa
Civil, as well as INPI and ANVISA. All GIPI members were
represented at the meeting except for the Ministry of the
Environment and Casa Civil. (Comment: The large turnout for the
meeting appeared to signal a keen GoB interest in dialogue with USTR
about GoB IPR enforcement efforts. End Comment.)
-------------------------
Meeting with Hadil Vianna
-------------------------
¶5. (SBU) Vianna told Wilson he believed that overall relations
between the USG and GoB are excellent and that he hoped the IP
dialogue would be equally positive. He observed that many in the
GoB do not feel the USG has sufficiently recognized its anti-piracy
efforts. Vianna added that the GoB does not recognize its inclusion
on any IPR violators' list (such as the Special 301 or the EU
"Blacklist"), but understands that it is a USG prerogative to
maintain such a list. He cautioned that the GoB avoids public
discussion on the Special 301 process to prevent creation of a
BRASILIA 00000130 002 OF 006
detrimental public atmosphere towards IPR.
¶6. (SBU) Vianna said a large investment of both time and resources
in the Brazilian IPR effort had led to an unprecedented increase in
public IPR awareness in Brazil, including increased media coverage.
In addition, Vianna pointed out that IP issues have appeared in
Brazilian soap operas, with the villain portrayed as an IPR
violator. During the meeting, he also solicited USG support for the
Brazilian candidate for the World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO) presidency.
¶7. (SBU) Wilson emphasized to Vianna that the purpose of his visit
was to learn more about the GoB intellectual property regime and
stated that the GoB was "not on trial" during the OCR process. He
referenced the GoB position on IPR in international fora as often at
odds with the USG position and signaled USG interest in discussing
these issues with the GoB in advance of international meetings in
order to enhance communication. In reference to Vianna's call for
USG support for the Brazilian WIPO candidate, Wilson relayed that
the USG was preparing to consider candidates for the position.
---------------------
OCR Meeting with GIPI
---------------------
¶8. (SBU) Wilson acknowledged to GIPI agency representatives that he
realized the Special 301 process as a point of contention, but said
his objective was to work on IP issues with the GoB in a spirit of
cooperation. He applauded the efforts of the GoB's National Council
to Combat Piracy (CNCP) and cited it as an example of a successful
public-private partnership that is frequently referenced as an
example to other countries.
-- National Council to Combat Piracy (CNCP)
¶9. (U) Otavio Brandelli, Director of the Division of Intellectual
Property at the MRE (a member of CNCP) said CNCP was preparing to
move beyond its focus on controlling the supply of pirated goods
into a second phase addressing demand. To accomplish this, he said,
CNCP activities will include an intensified GoB anti-piracy consumer
educational program, efforts to promote reform of the Brazilian tax
system, and cooperation with industry to make authentic products
available to consumers at a more reasonable price. CNCP plans to
evaluate and revise its National Anti-Piracy Plan beginning in
February 2008.
¶10. (SBU) Deputy CNCP Executive Secretary Ana Lucia Soares said
that more consumers now understand the link between piracy and
organized crime as a result of CNCP educational activity (which is
designed to demonstrate the impact of piracy on the Brazilian
consumer). She reported a drop in piracy rates in Brazil's
lower-income northeastern provinces as a result of stepped-up
enforcement and consumer education campaigns. (Note: ConRecife
notes that enforcement is highly visible in the press and the local
police have complained to PO about a lack of storage space for
confiscated media (ref F). End Note.) She also reported that in 2007
the first municipal-level anti-piracy commission was created in
Blumenau.
-- Enforcement Activities
¶11. (SBU) Frederico Vasconcellos, Head of the Division on Combating
Contraband and Customs Evasion at Receita Federal (Brazilian
IRS/Customs) said that the GoB was working on improvements in its
customs control strategies, including expansion of international
cooperation, increased training for customs officers and additional
investment in new equipment and facilities. Receita statistics
indicated a 2007 increase in seizures of smuggled goods (pirated
items were not listed separately from other contraband). Brazilian
legislation now allows for the seizure of buses and vehicles
involved in smuggling. He presented photographic evidence of dozens
of seized buses and vehicles that were to be donated to Brazilian
state and local governments. According to him, smugglers are now
seeking alternative routes to the Foz De Iguacu crossing from
Paraguay, mostly through the southeast, and the Brazilian
authorities have thus far been unable to address this new
development.
¶12. (SBU) Jetson da Silva, an official from the Rodoviaria Federal
(Brazilian Federal Highway Patrol) said his organization, which
oversees 61,000 km of federal highway, has conducted CNCP-assisted
anti-piracy interdiction training programs for its officers and held
BRASILIA 00000130 003 OF 006
educational campaigns in schools. Rodoviaria seizure data indicated
a drop in 2007, which the official attributed to use by smugglers of
secondary roads not frequented by his organization. According to a
Brazilian Federal Police Official, his agency has formulated both a
national and international strategic cooperative plan. He said the
Federal Police have begun efforts to fight internet piracy,
including modernization of outdated equipment and training of a
cyber crime unit, and was interested in exchanging technology and
information with other countries in this area.
¶13. (SBU) Helinton Rocha, the Ministry of Agriculture's Director of
the Department of Intellectual Property and Agriculture Technology
discussed Brazil's biosafety and seed laws and described inspection
and seizure activities. In 2007, the Ministry conducted 3,157
inspections of soybean seed lots and found 373 questionable lots
which resulted in fines on the culpable parties. Out of 606 cotton
and corn inspections, 36 were found to be questionable and resulted
in penalties assessed on the owners. Fines of up to R$1.5 million
were issued, with an average of R$250,000.
-- Legislation
¶14. (SBU) Brandelli said proposals included in a new CNCP sponsored
bill would, for example, streamline the destruction process of
seized contraband. He added that this legislative proposal has been
undergoing due process for a number of months and, once done, will
be presented to the Brazilian Congress. According to Brandelli,
CNCP is also assisting other states with formulation of anti-piracy
statutes. (Note: This legislation will also expand vehicle seizure
authority and allow law enforcement agencies to retain only samples
for use in litigation. It also provides different penalties for
individual offenders from those involved in larger operations;
incorporates penalties for software copyright violation into the
penal code; and stiffens penalties if pirated goods are imported
(see reftel D). End Note.)
-- Counterfeit Medicine
¶15. (SBU) Maristela Figueiredo, Health Regulation and Surveillance
Specialist at the National Health Vigilance Agency (ANVISA - the
Brazilian FDA equivalent), said counterfeit medicines remained a
problem in the country, although to a much lesser extent than in the
past. In 1997-98, there were a reported 172 cases of counterfeit
medicines; while in 2006-07, there were only 17. Figueiredo noted
the sudden increase in counterfeit drugs from 1997-98 led to the
passage of a 1998 law providing for stiffer penalties for drug
counterfeiters (10-15 years without parole or amnesty plus a fine)
and served as the impetus for the creation of ANVISA in 1999. GoB
regulations now call for usage of secure drug packaging and a
distributors' registry. ANVISA serves as the clearinghouse for
information on counterfeit drugs provided by a nationwide
notification network of 160 sentinel hospitals (known as Notivisa),
and state health vigilance units (VISAs).
¶16. (SBU) According to Figueiredo, future plans to combat
counterfeit medicine include closer coordination with Mercosul
partners, strengthening legislation, and implementing a more
thorough drug registry database that would facilitate tracking
counterfeit drugs to the end user. She also cited the need for more
training of Federal judges, who often do not take counterfeit drug
cases as seriously as illegal drug cases, although both have similar
penalties. Figueiredo stated that 130 Federal, State, and Municipal
level inspectors had been trained. (Note: Figueiredo later told
EconOff that ANVISA has an internal division that trains state and
municipal agents to conduct inspections for counterfeit medicines.
ANVISA, in conjunction with Receita, has participated in seminars on
counterfeit medicines conducted by the private industry group
National Forum to Combat Piracy (FNCP) and Public Ministries in
states throughout Brazil. ANVISA, which has previously concentrated
on training enforcement officials, has recently made plans to
address training of Federal judges. End Note.)
-- Internet Piracy
¶17. (SBU) Soares (CNCP) said that, although CNCP did not view
internet crime in Brazil as a top priority due to low internet
penetration rates in the country, CNCP has created a cyber-crime
division. Brandelli (MRE) stated that CNCP will address internet
piracy once its members raise the issue, which they have not done
thus far. Vianna added that Brazil's low number of computers does
not mean that the country is not concerned with internet crime. He
BRASILIA 00000130 004 OF 006
noted that the GoB raised the issue at the Internet Governance Forum
(IGF) Meeting in Rio de Janeiro in November 2007. Wilson noted the
importance of considering the emerging threat of Internet piracy and
the need to "get ahead of the curve" with regard to this problem.
-- Campus Copy-Shops
¶18. (SBU) Marcos Alves de Souza, General Coordinator for Copyrights
at the Ministry of Culture, told Wilson that actual book piracy was
rare in Brazil, but non-authorized copying of copyrighted works was
common on university and college campuses. He said this activity
was not organized-crime related. GoB believes that individuals have
a right to access information and knowledge in the country, which is
often difficult due to the high cost of books as a result of low
production runs, according to Souza. He noted that academic books
are very expensive, despite the fact that there are no federal taxes
imposed on these items. Souza asserted that legal action by book
publishers against professors and schools over illegal copying in
2006 -2007 led to a public backlash against IP laws.
¶19. (SBU) Brazilian copyright law allows for small segments of
copyrighted works to be reproduced, but does not define what
constitutes a small segment (reftel D). Souza said individual
universities use in-house rules to police the amount of a
publication that can be copied (ranging from 10 - 40 percent) or
limit copies to numbers of chapters. He relayed that the Ministry
of Culture plans to hold a forum this year to allow input from a
broad segment of society on the issue as it considers copyright law
reforms. He felt authors were due remuneration for their work and
said some ideas being considered were a collective management system
or a tax on blank media and reproductive machines that could be used
to recompense authors. The Ministry is also considering a system to
allow small segments of books to be sold over the internet.
-- Patents and Trademarks
¶20. (SBU) Wilson noted that, while the USG has recognized Brazilian
progress in the area of IPR enforcement, the U.S. remains concerned
that progress has been less noticeable in areas related to patents,
trademarks, and protection of pharmaceutical and agrichemical test
data. Wilson acknowledged that INPI has taken steps to address a
considerable backlog in patent and trademark applications, and
requested information on progress achieved to date. He mentioned
specifically the USG's ongoing questions about the unusual role of
the Brazilian health regulator (ANVISA) in the process of
considering pharmaceutical patents. With regard to compulsory
licensing of pharmaceuticals, Wilson noted that the USG has sought
to approach this delicate issue in a measured way, but continues to
stress the importance of full and transparent engagement between the
GoB and patent holders. Wilson also mentioned that the USG has
questions and concerns with regard to Brazil's system of protecting
data submitted in connection with the regulatory approval of
pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products.
¶21. (SBU) Gustavo Travassos Pereira, International Cooperation
Advisor at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) said
his organization had formed a "dynamic partnership" with the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), which is providing training for
INPI employees. According to him, INPI has doubled its trademark
processing staff over the last year and tripled its patent
processing staff. He also noted that INPI was in the final stage of
implementation of the e-MARCAS system, which would allow for quicker
trademark registration. The ANVISA official stated that ANVISA
reviews (required for patent applications on certain products,
including medicines) take no more than 120 days with only a 3
percent rejection rate per 2005 statistics.
-- Compulsory Licensing
¶22. (SBU) Leandro Teixeira, Health Regulation and Surveillance
Specialist at ANVISA, said that after GoB ratification of TRIPS, the
increased price of medicine impeded access to drugs for many
Brazilians. He said that the GoB feels TRIPS "can and should" be
interpreted so as not to harm public health projects and provide
access to medicines for all. Brandelli called the compulsory
licensing of the Merck anti-retroviral Stocrin an "unusual event" in
Brazilian history and noted that the GoB has been obliged to provide
HIV/AIDS victims free access to medications since 1986, and has
76,000 such patients (while Thailand has 17,000). He said that
Brazil is one of the largest customers for these drugs, yet paid
four times more for the drug than Thailand.
BRASILIA 00000130 005 OF 006
¶23. (SBU) Without identifying Merck by name, Brandelli said
negotiations between the GoB and the company had been transparent
and failed to reach an agreement after six to seven months. At that
point, after the company decided not to negotiate further, the GoB
issued the compulsory license. He added that the drug's patent was
one of over 400 that are considered pipeline patents, and, thus, it
was already in the public domain when the patent was issued.
Brandelli added that if the GoB had adhered to the letter of the
TRIPS agreement, no patent would have been issued. He said the
company (Merck) has been in Brazil for many years and the compulsory
license has not affected the company's relationship with the GoB.
-- Data Package Protection
¶24. (SBU) In response to Wilson's question about industry
allegations of lax data package protection, Teixeira (ANVISA)
replied that this data had not been used to violate any patent
rights. He added that TRIPS was ambiguous on this point and he felt
the GoB was acting within the TRIPS agreement in its handling of
data packages.
------------------
Delegation Members
------------------
¶24. (SBU) Members of the delegations were:
U.S.
----
Chris Wilson, DAUSTR for Intellectual Property and Innovation
Katherine Duckworth, USTR Director for the Southern Cone
Dorian Mazurkevich, USPTO Attache, Consulate Sao Paulo
Tim Hall, Economic Officer, Embassy Brasilia (notetaker)
Brazil
------
- Ministry of External Relations (MRE):
Hadil da Rocha Vianna, Director of Department of Scientific and
Technical Issues (DCT)
Otavio Brandelli, Director of Intellectual Property Division (DIPI)
Joao Carlos Beato Storti, Deputy Director, Intellectual Property
Division (DIPI)
Fabio Alves Schmidt da Silva, Intellectual Property Division (DIPI)
- Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade:
Sancia Regina Magalhaes Ferrari, Trade Analyst and Acting
Coordinator-General of the Inter-Ministerial Group on Intellectual
Property (GIPI)
Carlos Alberto Alves de Oliveira, Trade Analyst
Jos Carlos Cavalcanti de Araujo Filho, Trade Analyst
- National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI)
Gustavo Travassos Pereira, International Cooperation Advisor
- Ministry of Culture:
Marcos Alves de Souza, General Coordinator for Copyrights (CGDA)
Samuel Barichello Conceicao, Assistant to General Coordinator for
Copyrights (CGDA)
- Ministry of Agriculture:
Helinton Jose Rocha, Director of Department for Intellectual
Technology and Agricultural Technology (MAPA)
Leontino Rezede Taveira, Department for Intellectual Technology and
BRASILIA 00000130 006 OF 006
Agricultural Technology (MAPA)
Marcos Vinicius Leandro, Jr., Coordinator, Department for
Intellectual Technology and Agricultural Technology (MAPA)
Luis Eduardo Rangel, Coordinator, Department for Intellectual
Technology and Agricultural Technology (MAPA)
- Ministry of Health:
Joao Carlos Azuma, Managing Director of Department of Regulatory
Affairs
Ana Maria Tapajos, Head of Technical Analysis Division,
International Affairs Office
Daniela Lucia Loiola, Advisor
- Ministry of Justice:
Ana Lucia Moraes Gomes, Acting Executive Secretary of the National
Council to Combat Piracy (CNCP)
- Ministry of Culture:
Marcos Alves de Souza, General Coordinator for Copyrights
Samuel Braichello Conceicao, Assistant General Coordinator for
Copyrights
- Receita Federal (Brazilian IRS/Customs):
Frederico Emmanuel Vasconcellos, Head of the Division on Combating
Contraband and Customs Evasion
Jorge Luiz Alves Caetano, Coordinator of Research and Investigation
- Federal Police:
William Marcel Murad, Head of the Division on Combating Revenue
Crime
- Rodoviaria Federal (Brazilian Federal Highway Patrol):
Jose Altair Gomes Benites, Officer
Wellker Cesar Faria, Officer
Jetson Jose da Silva, Officer
- National Health Vigilance Agency (ANVISA):
Erika Mattos da Veiga, Specialist on Health Regulation and
Surveillance
Leandro Teixeira de Morais, Specialist on Health Regulation and
Surveillance
Maristela Figueiredo de Almeida, Specialist on Health Regulation and
Surveillance
¶25. (U) THE DELEGATION HAS CLEARED THIS MESSAGE.
Sobel