Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 07LUANDA1245, ANGOLA: ANNUAL UPDATE ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #07LUANDA1245.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07LUANDA1245 2007-12-14 11:21 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Luanda
VZCZCXRO1919
RR RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHLU #1245/01 3481121
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 141121Z DEC 07
FM AMEMBASSY LUANDA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 4490
INFO RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 0012
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 LUANDA 001245 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DOL/ILAB FOR TINA MCCARTER 
DOL/IL FOR TU DANG 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ELAB ETRD EIND PHUM SOCI AO
SUBJECT: ANGOLA: ANNUAL UPDATE ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD 
LABOR 
 
REF: A. STATE 15823 
     B. STATE 149662 
     C. 06 LUANDA 01279 
 
1. (U) The following responses reflect updated information as 
requested by ref A and B. 
 
Laws and Regulations on Child Labor 
------------------------------------ 
 
2. (U) Angola's onstitution prohibits human bondage in 
general, and statutory law specifically prohibits forced or 
bonded child labor. The Government ratified ILO Convention 
182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor on June 13, 2001, and 
is currently working with UNICEF and the Christian Children's 
Fund (CCF) to develop a list of occupations considered to be 
the worst forms of child labor, as required by the 
convention.  Angola acceded to the Optional Protocol to the 
Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of 
children, child prostitution and child pornography on March 
24, 2005.  While prostitution and unauthorized transport of 
children are prohibited under the general criminal statute, 
there are no specific laws targeting child prostitution, 
pornography, or trafficking.  Anti-prostitution laws are not 
regularly enforced, but sexual relations with children under 
the age of 15 can be considered sexual abuse and result in 
fines or up to 8 years of imprisonment. 
 
3. (U) The legal minimum age for apprenticeship is 14 years; 
full employment is legal at age 18.  Children between the 
ages of 14 and 18 may not work at night, in dangerous 
conditions, or in occupations requiring great physical 
effort, and children less than 16 years of age are prohibited 
from factory work.  The minimum age for military recruitment 
is age 18.  While these laws provide legal protection for 
children working in the formal sector, the majority of 
children work in the largely unregulated informal sector. 
 
Regulations for Implementation & Enforcement of Proscriptions 
--------------------------------------------- - 
 
4. (U) The Inspector General of the Ministry of Public 
Administration, Employment, and Social Security (MAPESS) is 
responsible for enforcing labor laws and performing workplace 
inspections.  The Children's Affairs court system, created in 
2003 under the Ministry of Justice, has jurisdiction to 
adjudicate child labor violations, but only functions in the 
capital province of Luanda.  In other provinces, child labor 
cases are adjudicated by the Provincial Criminal Courts for 
minors aged 16-18 or the Ministry of Family and Women's 
Affairs' Family Courts for children under age 16.  Child 
labor violations are punishable by fines. 
 
5. (U) While institutions are nominally in place to 
investigate and prosecute child labor violations in the 
formal sector, no formal procedure for inspections and 
investigations into child labor abuses currently exists.  The 
Angolan court system is already over-extended; few resources 
are available for Family or Children Affairs courts or child 
labor investigations.  In addition, the government does not 
have the capacity to oversee the larger informal sector. 
This greatly hampers implementation and enforcement of laws 
against child labor as an overwhelming majority of child 
labor is outside the existing legal framework. 
 
Social Programs to Prevent Child Labor 
-------------------------------------- 
 
6. (U) The government, through the National Children's 
Assistance Institute (INAC), has worked to create, train and 
strengthen Child Protection Networks at the provincial and 
municipal level in all 18 provinces.  These networks, 
comprised of local NGOs, religious leaders, and government 
officials, report cases in which they have successfully 
identified and removed children from exploitative work 
situations, but no mechanism exists to track cases or provide 
statistics. 
 
Comprehensive Policy to Eliminate Child Labor 
--------------------------------------------- 
 
7. (U) In July 2007 the government created the National 
Children's Council (CNAC), an inter-ministerial commission 
designed to define priorities and coordinate the government's 
policies to combat all forms of violence against children, 
including the worst forms of child labor.  All relevant 
ministries are represented on the council, as are civil 
society representatives and religious leaders.  The national 
 
LUANDA 00001245  002 OF 002 
 
 
plan to combat violence against children remains at the 
working group level within the Council. 
 
8. (U) Extreme poverty and the lack of educational 
opportunities remain significant factors driving children 
into the workforce.  Though reliable statistics are 
unavailable, UNICEF estimates that at least one million 
school-age children remain out of the educational system. 
Primary education is compulsory, but there are not enough 
schools to provide universal primary education and there are 
ample reports of families with the means to do so paying 
bribes to school officials to secure seats for their 
children.  Textbooks and school supplies are not provided by 
the government; this additional cost poses a significant 
barrier to entry for impoverished families.  Preliminary 
studies show that just over one-third of students who start 
primary school will finish, and less than 30 percent percent 
of the overall student population moves on to secondary 
school. 
 
9. (U) The government is dedicating extensive resources to 
the expansion of the educational system; in 2007 the Ministry 
of Education's budget was over 1.7 billion USD, or 6.6 
percent of the total budget.  Over 471 million USD was 
allocated for new facilities and the rehabilitation and 
reconstruction of the more than 5,000 schools destroyed 
during the civil war.  Undocumented children are not 
permitted access to the educational system, and fees for 
birth certificates and identification cards remain 
prohibitive for impoverished families.  Though the official 
registration drive ended in 2004, the government continues to 
partner with UNICEF to identify and assist undocumented 
children, and provides limited subsidies to cover fees for 
families with proven financial need.  In 2007 the government 
also announced a plan to provide birth certificates in health 
clinics and maternity wards, but the program has yet to be 
implemented nationwide. 
 
Progress Toward Eliminating Child Labor 
--------------------------------------- 
 
10. (U) The government has limited means to address child 
labor and exploitation in the informal economy.  War and 
extreme poverty has brought large numbers of orphaned and 
abandoned children into employment in the informal economy. 
UNICEF estimates that at least 10,000 children work in the 
streets of Luanda, but most return to some form of dwelling 
during the evening.  Street children are also common in the 
provinces of Benguela, Huambo, and Kwanza Sul.  Children 
engage in wage-earning activities such as agricultural labor 
on family farms and commercial plantations, charcoal 
production, domestic labor and street vending.  Exploitive 
labor practices include forced prostitution, involvement in 
the sale or transport of illegal drugs, and the offloading 
and transport of goods in ports and across border posts. 
There are anecdotal reports of children being trafficked 
internally for agricultural labor, domestic servitude, and 
for sexual exploitation, and externally to Namibia, South 
Africa, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for 
agricultural and domestic labor. 
 
11. (U) The government conducts regular information campaigns 
aimed at raising awareness of the rights of children and 
reducing all forms of violence, including the worst forms of 
child labor, sexual exploitation and trafficking.  Though 
statistics on the extent of the problem are not yet tracked, 
the government openly discusses the issue in public forums 
and state-run news publications.  Since 2006, the government 
has required proof of travel authorization from a parent or 
legal guardian for all children traveling outside of the 
country, and has worked with UNICEF and IOM to conduct 
anti-trafficking training for border police and immigration 
officials.  Revisions to the penal code which criminalize 
trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation and violence 
against children are currently pending approval. 
MOZENA