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Viewing cable 07ADDISABABA3466, PASTORALISTS HIGHLIGHT INEFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE AND CONFLICT

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07ADDISABABA3466 2007-12-06 12:46 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Addis Ababa
VZCZCXRO5261
PP RUEHROV
DE RUEHDS #3466/01 3401246
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 061246Z DEC 07
FM AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8765
INFO RUCNIAD/IGAD COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RHMFISS/CJTF HOA PRIORITY
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
RUEKDIA/DIA WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
RHMFIUU/HQ USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL PRIORITY
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 ADDIS ABABA 003466 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PHUM EAID SCUL ET
SUBJECT: PASTORALISTS HIGHLIGHT INEFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE AND CONFLICT 
CONCERNS 
 
SUMMARY 
------- 
 
1. (SBU) Deputy Pol/Econ Chief and USAID/Ethiopia Senior Policy 
Advisor (EmbOffs) attended a UNOCHA-coordinated pastoralist 
conference in Hudet, Liben Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia November 
28-December 3.  Pastoralists from throughout the Horn of Africa 
convened in plenary and focus groups to address common concerns and 
challenges.  The gathering focused primarily on conflict and 
conflict resolution in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, but also 
addressed other challenges such as the loss of influence and power 
of traditional authorities to formal governments, and the inability 
of formal government structures to provide services and peace.  End 
Summary. 
 
2. (U) Several hundred pastoralist elders from Ethiopia, Kenya, 
Somalia, and Djibouti -- including representatives from all but one 
of Somalia's 52 districts -- convened for this conference.  Minister 
Bashir Ali, Chairman of the Pastoralist Subcommittee in the 
Ethiopian parliament, together with representatives from the 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the zonal and district 
administrations, represented the Ethiopian government. 
International observers were invited for the last two days of the 
meeting, which was extended for an additional day at the last 
minute.  Local and international non-governmental organizations, 
including Save the Children (US), Save the Children (UK), 
Pastoralist Concern Association of Ethiopia (PCAE), and Save the 
Rural Society (SRS) observed the proceedings. 
 
PEACE AND SECURITY CONCERNS 
--------------------------- 
 
3. (SBU) Discontent at the overall situation in the Somali Region 
marked the tone of the gathering, although, by common consent, the 
elders did not generally address the current political situation in 
Somalia or in Ethiopia's Ogaden region in plenary sessions. 
Generally, in plenary, the pastoralists identified 1) conflict over 
grazing land and water resources, exacerbated by enclosures of land 
for agriculture, and 2) bad governance as the primary drivers of 
conflict in the Somali Region.  With respect to governance, 
complaints seemed largely to focus on the loss of influence and 
power of traditional authorities within formal governments, and the 
inability of formal government structures to provide services and 
peace.  Elders blamed this authority vacuum, as well as discontent 
over the lack of effective government -- either "modern" or 
"traditional" -- for clan and ethnic conflict and general 
lawlessness. 
 
4. (SBU) The pastoralists did, however, conclude that the Somali 
people themselves have to stop inter-clan conflict and unite with 
other pastoralists to press their interests to formal government 
entities.  Pastoralist infighting has prevented them from presenting 
a united front.  Considerable discussion centered on the need for 
traditional authorities to be re-empowered, especially to be given 
responsibility for conflict resolution and delivery of social 
programs. 
 
SIDEBAR DISCUSSIONS ON CONFLICT 
------------------------------- 
 
5. (SBU) In addition to the plenary sessions, a number of sidebars 
were held between clans to attempt to resolve longstanding disputes. 
 While no specific agreements were announced, some communities did 
resolve to continue their dialogue upon their return to their home 
regions.  Notably, the Afari delegation complained about the 
aggression of the Issa Somalis, appealing to the wider Somali 
community to restrain Issa encroachment on Afar lands.  Several 
evening meetings were devoted to this issue and Afar and Issa elders 
agreed to continue to discuss, at a future date, a way forward. 
 
6. (SBU) While largely avoided in plenary, Somalia and the Ogaden 
dominated many of the sidebar discussions.   U.S. observers were 
able to meet with a number of elders from the Ogaden and other 
areas.  When they felt safe to do so, they complained of Ethiopian 
government abuses in the Ogaden.  Recounting events dated from the 
beginning of 2007 to the past few months, they detailed a number of 
human rights abuses that will be recorded septel. 
 
LIVELIHOOD CONCERNS 
------------------- 
 
7. (U) In addition to conflict resolution, the pastoralists 
identified a number of other concerns facing pastoralists in the 
Somali Region.  These include: 1) pastoralists' wealth is not 
adequately recognized or appreciated by other segments of society; 
 
ADDIS ABAB 00003466  002 OF 002 
 
 
2) the market for pastoralists' trade (i.e. animal trade) is 
nontransparent and dominated by middlemen - so pastoralists do not 
receive fair value for their livestock; 3) land enclosures 
(primarily for farming) are disrupting traditional migratory 
practices - dry and wet season areas should be identified and 
reserved for pastoralists; 4) land degradation (particularly 
deforestation for charcoal) has harmed grazing lands and must be 
addresses; 5) social services are inadequate in pastoralist lands 
(for example, Warder zone has no bank and no livestock market, 
forcing people to go Somalia - only to be accused by Ethiopian 
authorities of engaging in illicit trade); and 6) wildlife has been 
destroyed. 
 
OUTCOMES/CONCLUSIONS 
-------------------- 
 
8. (U) Full results of the meeting were being recorded in Somali by 
Somali journalists, and will be published in Somali and English in 
the coming weeks. 
Ethiopia's Somali region pastoralists voted to form a pastoralist 
association to protect and advocate on behalf of pastoralist 
interests in the Somali region.  The details of the association were 
being hammered out as of the afternoon of December 2, but broadly 
participation in the association is to be voluntary and 
uncompensated.  The members agreed to have a steering committee 
consisting of 1) two representatives from each Somali region woreda; 
2) one woman from each of the nine Somali region zones; and 3) two 
technical experts.  Membership on the steering committee was to be 
restricted to persons present at the conference, but subject to 
modification at a later date.  The Sultan urged the pastoralists to 
put aside clan/sub-clan differences and select representatives who 
had the interests of the broader pastoralist community at heart. 
 
9. (U) A number of Ethiopian government officials addressed the 
gathering during procedural discussions on the proposed association. 
 Generally, they seemed to support the initiative but it is unclear 
toward what end.  Representatives included a number of Members of 
Parliament, including the Chair of the Parliamentary Pastoralist 
Committee, Behir Ali (Jijiga), and medium to low level officials of 
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Federal Affairs. 
 
YAMAMOTO