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Viewing cable 07ADDISABABA3283, ETHIOPIA: RESPONSE ON ILLICIT CASH COURIERS

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07ADDISABABA3283 2007-11-08 14:14 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Addis Ababa
VZCZCXRO1559
RR RUEHROV
DE RUEHDS #3283 3121414
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 081414Z NOV 07
FM AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 8499
INFO RUCNIAD/IGAD COLLECTIVE
UNCLAS ADDIS ABABA 003283 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPARTMENT FOR EEB/ESC/TFS, S/CT AND INL 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EFIN KTFN KCRM PREL PTER ET
SUBJECT: ETHIOPIA: RESPONSE ON ILLICIT CASH COURIERS 
 
REF: STATE 152088 
 
1. SUMMARY: Per reftel, post is providing updated information on 
illicit cash couriers and the actions Ethiopia is taking to prevent 
bulk cash smuggling.  Ethiopia has laws in place prohibiting cash 
smuggling and is in the process of developing forms requiring that 
cash be declared upon entry.  However, few specific actions to 
interdict cash smugglers appear to be underway. The National Bank of 
Ethiopia has agreed to the terms of reference for a U.S. Department 
of the Treasury technical assistance program designed to address 
anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing including bulk 
cash smuggling. END SUMMARY. 
 
2. Answers to Specific Questions 
 
--Status of host nation laws specifically criminalizing bulk cash 
smuggling and key elements of those laws: 
 
Ethiopia's criminal code prohibits bulk cash smuggling.  The 
jurisdiction to investigate such crimes falls under the Federal 
Police Crime and Forensic Investigation Main Department. 
 
-- Cross-border reporting requirements for inbound/outbound movement 
of currency and monetary instruments: 
 
According to U.S. Treasury Advisors, the Ethiopian Customs Authority 
is in the process of creating a cash declaration form in 
collaboration with the National Bank of Ethiopia.  As of this 
writing, there is no requirement to list currency on the form filled 
out to enter or exit Ethiopia. Additionally, Ethiopia's porous 
borders pose a challenge in preventing cash smuggling, as reporting 
requirements are only effective at official entry/exit points. 
 
--Host country actions to interdict potential cash smugglers or 
throw risk into the system: 
 
Ethiopia is actively developing currency reporting requirements. 
There is clear jurisdiction within Ethiopian law enforcement 
entities to investigate such crimes. 
 
--Status of investigations into bulk cash smuggling: 
 
According to the head of the Investigation Department, the police 
arrest people with counterfeit Ethiopian Birr from time to time.  No 
additional investigations were mentioned. 
 
--Prosecutions under bulk cash smuggling laws: 
 
None mentioned. 
 
--How mission elements have engaged relevant partners to develop and 
execute a cash courier interdiction plan: 
 
Both the establishment of a legal requirement for cross-border 
currency declarations and modifications of the existing form are 
priority items in the work plan for the U.S. Department of Treasury 
technical assistance program, as is raising awareness generally that 
this method of money laundering is still among the most common of 
methods. 
 
3. COMMENT: The recent signing of the terms of reference for the 
U.S. Department of Treasury technical assistance program after five 
months of negotiations indicates the Government of Ethiopia's 
openness to addressing vulnerabilities in terms of anti-money 
laundering and counter-terrorist financing.  Treasury's program will 
include work to strengthen Ethiopia's defenses against bulk cash 
smuggling.  END COMMENT. 
 
YAMAMOTO