Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 07LIMA2322, AIR POLLUTION IN LIMA WORSENING

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #07LIMA2322.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07LIMA2322 2007-07-06 22:24 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Lima
VZCZCXYZ0002
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHPE #2322/01 1872224
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 062224Z JUL 07
FM AMEMBASSY LIMA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 6084
INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 7441
UNCLAS LIMA 002322 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
Brasilia for Story 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: SENV SOCI ALOW AMED AODE ECON USTR PE
SUBJECT: AIR POLLUTION IN LIMA WORSENING 
 
1.  SUMMARY:  A recent report issued by Peru's National Institute 
for Statistics and Information (INEI) concludes that Lima's air 
quality is deteriorating.  For example, airborne lead particles have 
increased by 119 percent compared with 2006.  All of the air 
pollutant levels for Lima are significantly worse than those of 
downtown Los Angeles, and particulate matter (PM 2.5) levels are 
more than six times higher than U.S. EPA standards.  The city's 
chaotic transportation is a principal reason for this pollution. 
The GOP needs to address the factors that are linked to political 
authority and municipal responsibility.  The city is home to over 
one-third of Peru's 28 million inhabitants, and the metropolitan 
area accounts for almost half of the country's $93 billion GDP.  End 
Summary. 
 
2.  A report issued in April by the INEI measured the following five 
air quality components to determine the degree of pollution in 
downtown Lima:  total suspended particles (TSP), particles smaller 
than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM 2.5), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), 
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), and Lead (Pb) levels.  All of these, with the 
exception of TSP, are directly linked to vehicle emissions into the 
atmosphere. 
 
WORSE THAN L.A. IN ALL MEASURES 
------------------------------- 
 
3.  In 2007, all five measures showed an increase compared to last 
year's levels: 
-- TSP was 257 micrograms/cubic meter; 
-- PM 2.5 was 94.49 micrograms/cubic meter; 
-- NO2 was 69.47 micrograms/cubic meter (up 7%), 
-- SO2 was 63.66 micrograms/cubic meter (Up 19%); 
-- Lead was 0.23 micrograms/cubic meter (up 119%) 
 
Lima's PM 2.5 level is 6.3 times higher than U.S. EPA standards. 
The air quality in Lima is much worse than in downtown Los Angeles 
for all the pollutants measured:  lead is about 50 times worse, NO2 
is about 23 percent worse, PM 2.5 is about 6 times worse, and S02 is 
more than 12 times worse (LA info source: U.S. EPA). 
 
MOTOR VEHICLES TO BLAME 
----------------------- 
 
4.  According to INEI, the main reason for this rise in pollution 
has to do with the age and quantity of the city's vehicles.  The 
average age of public transportation vehicles is 22 years. 
Transportation problems are not a novel issue in Peru.  In a recent 
report, the World Bank considered public transportation in Lima as 
deficient and chaotic.  According to this report, there are a total 
of 10.5 million trips made daily in Lima, 81 percent of which are 
made using public transportation, including taxis.  Less than half 
of the 56,000 public transportation vehicles currently operating are 
authorized to do so. There is one taxi for every 42 people in Lima, 
while in Buenos Aires, Argentina, there is one for every 233 people. 
 
 
5.  The constant vehicle emissions are concentrated in the central 
area of the city, and it is estimated that between 70 to 80 percent 
of Lima's pollution is caused by vehicles.  The main causes cited by 
the World Bank are:  composition and age of the vehicles, lack of 
emissions controls, excess supply of vehicles, low quality of fuels, 
and bad traffic.  The transportation system consists largely of 
privately-owned late-model buses and taxis. 
 
6.  These vehicular problems cause 13.2 million liters of gasoline 
to be needlessly used in Lima per year.  The problems also cause the 
emission of 1,000 metric tons of additional contaminants into the 
air, particularly particulate material, Nitrogen Oxides, and Sulfur 
Oxides.  This high degree of environmental pollution generates a 
high rate of respiratory illnesses, asthma and skin problems, 
especially in children. 
 
7.  Beyond deregulating the transportation sector during the 1990s 
(incentives were given for the massive imports of used vehicles from 
Asia), the GOP has done little.  A project for a much needed 
emissions control facility was recently abandoned because of issues 
in determining which government authority would supervise it. 
Furthermore, some GOP policies have the opposite effect. The 
government currently encourages dirty fuels by imposing higher taxes 
on cleaner fuels such as 90 octane gasoline and lower taxes on more 
contaminating fuels such as diesel. 
 
COMMENT: POLITICAL WILL NEEDED 
------------------------------ 
 
8.  Given that these pollution measurements show that Lima's air is 
worse than that of downtown Los Angeles, it's no surprise that 
residents here, including Embassy employees, experience increased 
problems with asthma and other respiratory illnesses.  However, with 
social and poverty issues taking up the GOP's time, reducing air 
pollution is not a government priority.  The pollution control 
problems are compounded because the GOP has not even defined roles 
for its agencies regarding public transportation and the 
environment.  Coordination between the Lima and adjacent Callao 
municipalities has also been traditionally limited.  A broader 
approach to reform is needed that will establish clear functions 
between government entities, create incentives for renewal of 
vehicles, and encourage rather than discourage environmental 
conservation.  Increased attention to environmental protection 
embodied in the pending U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA) 
might help convince the GOP to focus more on improving the air 
quality in Peru's capital. 
STRUBLE