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Viewing cable 07LIMA2319, PERU'S SEASON OF PROTEST

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07LIMA2319 2007-07-06 21:23 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Lima
VZCZCXYZ0000
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHPE #2319/01 1872123
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 062123Z JUL 07
FM AMEMBASSY LIMA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6082
INFO RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION PRIORITY 1707
RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA PRIORITY 4837
RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES PRIORITY 2962
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS PRIORITY 0526
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ JUL 4352
RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO PRIORITY 9228
RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO PRIORITY 1323
RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO PRIORITY 1369
RUEHGL/AMCONSUL GUAYAQUIL PRIORITY 4422
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
RHMFIUU/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL PRIORITY
UNCLAS LIMA 002319 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EMIN ELAB EINV ENRG PGOV ECON PE
SUBJECT: PERU'S SEASON OF PROTEST 
 
1.  (U) Comment: Widespread protests across different regions 
of Peru have led some political observers -- like Peru 
Nationalist Party President Ollanta Humala  -- to suggest the 
GOP may be losing control in the countryside (see septel), 
and President Garcia has made several public appeals for 
calm.  A closer look at the unrest, however, shows that the 
protests represent localized reactions to specific 
grievances.  For its part, the GOP has shown itself capable 
of resolving many localized protests before they can coalesce 
into broader national discontent.  Analysts are still 
searching for an explanation for why so many protests have 
broken out in such a short time, but for now the GOP appears 
more than capable of meeting the demands of Peru's winter of 
discontent.  End Comment. 
 
------------------- 
Protests Everywhere 
------------------- 
 
2.   (U) Sixteen of Peru's 24 departments are experiencing 
some form of strike or demonstration, and the office of the 
Ombudsman says that there were 35 active social conflicts in 
June, a sharp increase from May, when only five conflicts 
were reported.  Regional presidents of Puno, Ancash, and 
Ucayali have lead marches, the national teacher's union has 
declared an indefinite strike, and on-again, off-again 
cocalero protests have continued for more than one month in 
the provinces of Cusco, San Martin, and Huanuco.  At the 
Casaplaca mines, 92 kilometers east of Lima, five persons 
have died in the past two weeks after a strike against the 
company turned violent.  In Ucayali, a jungle region on the 
border with Brazil, the regional government declared a state 
of emergency after protesters blocked all forms of 
transportation into the city of Pucallpa.  Additional 
demonstrations have broken out in other parts of Peru to 
demand, among other things, stronger environmental 
protections, the construction of an inter-oceanic highway, 
and the removal of local mayors. 
 
------------------------------- 
The Hard Hand and the Soft Hand 
------------------------------- 
 
3.  (U) The GOB has taken different approaches to the 
protests, sometimes surprising demonstrators by supporting 
their demands.  At the Casaplaca mines, for example, Minister 
of Labor Susan Pinilla joined with strikers to demand the 
company rehire more than 100 workers fired for trying to 
organize a union.  President Garcia and Prime Minister 
Castillo also publicly supported the miners.  Pinilla said 
that if an investigation revealed workers had been fired 
unjustly, she would fine the company 69,000 soles 
(approximately 23,000 dollars) and would seek to revoke the 
company's mining license.  Although the strike against 
Casaplaca continues, Pinilla's response has lowered tensions. 
 
4.  (U) In Ucayali, residents blocked roads for four days to 
protest the central government's plans to eliminate tax 
exemptions for the Amazon regions.  In response, Minister of 
Commerce and Trade Mercedes Araoz visited the province July 4 
and opened talks with regional authorities.  Araoz agreed to 
postpone the elimination of tax exemptions until governmental 
infrastructure projects are completed.  The road blockages 
have lifted. 
 
5.  (U) The teacher's union and the cocaleros have not fared 
as well.  SUTEP, the teacher's union, declared an indefinite 
strike on June 18 to protest low salaries and the 
government's plans for mandatory teacher testing.  The GOP 
refused to negotiate with SUTEP, declared the strike illegal, 
and threatened to fire any teachers who took part in the 
strike.  Press reports estimated that less than 15 per cent 
of teachers joined the protests nationwide, and rumors 
surfaced that SUTEP president Luis Munoz would be forced out 
by teachers unhappy with the union's growing unpopularity. 
 
6.  (U) The government also took a hard line against 
cocaleros emboldened by concessions made by former 
Agriculture Minister Jose Salazar.  Garcia fired Salazar May 
22 after the minister entered into unauthorized talks with 
cocalero leaders.  The new agriculture minister, Ismael 
Benavides, vowed that coca cultivation would not dominate the 
ministry of agriculture's agenda.  Garcia also warned 
cocaleros that continued protest would be met with a firm 
response and that counter-narcotics efforts, including 
eradication, would continue.  Garcia said there "would be no 
treaty in the fight against drugs." 
 
------------------------ 
The Causes of the Unrest 
------------------------ 
 
7.  (U) Analysts offer different explanations for the unrest. 
 Percy Medina of the NGO Transparancia said July is the 
traditional protest season in Peru, as is the one-year 
anniversary of a government.  Medina says the GOP has done a 
remarkable job of containing unrest while retaining 
popularity, although he doubts the GOP's "band aid" response 
to solving problems will be effective in the long run.  David 
Lovaton of the NGO Institute for Legal Defense says the 
government's willingness to negotiate with persons breaking 
the law -- including regional officials -- encourages 
demonstrations and undermines the rule of law.  Mario Human, 
secretary general of Peru's largest union, says the problems 
 
SIPDIS 
found at Casaplaca are repeated at every medium and small 
mining concern in Peru and represent a primary cause of labor 
unrest. 
 
8.   (U) Comment: Not all of the protests have ended, and 
others are likely to flare in the coming weeks.  As Lovaton 
notes, the willingness of Peruvian citizens to take to the 
streets to resolve complaints is a troubling sign in a nation 
trying to develop the rule of law.  The poorly trained, 
corrupt, and largely outnumbered national police, moreover, 
cannot be counted on to contain every protest.  Nevertheless, 
even though the underlying problems sparking unrest may not 
have been resolved, the Garcia administration has generally 
proven deft at managing conflict once it emerges.  What is 
striking about the latest round of demonstrations is their 
dissimilarity, which has given the GOP room to maneuver and 
prevented any kind of nationwide protest movement from 
emerging.  End Comment. 
STRUBLE