Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 07CARACAS1416, MACROECONOMIC UPDATE JULY 2007
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #07CARACAS1416.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07CARACAS1416 | 2007-07-17 13:59 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Caracas |
VZCZCXRO4882
RR RUEHAO RUEHCD RUEHGA RUEHGD RUEHGR RUEHHA RUEHHO RUEHMC RUEHNG
RUEHNL RUEHQU RUEHRD RUEHRG RUEHRS RUEHTM RUEHVC
DE RUEHCV #1416/01 1981359
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 171359Z JUL 07
FM AMEMBASSY CARACAS
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 9268
INFO RUEHWH/WESTERN HEMISPHERIC AFFAIRS DIPL POSTS
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY
RUMIAAA/HQ USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 09 CARACAS 001416
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
TREASURY FOR KLINGENSMITH, NGRANT, AND MMALLOY
COMMERCE FOR 4431/MAC/WH/MCAMERON
ENERGY FOR ALOCKWOOD
NSC FOR DTOMLINSON AND JSHRIER
HQ SOUTHCOM ALSO FOR POLAD
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ECON EFIN VE
SUBJECT: MACROECONOMIC UPDATE JULY 2007
REF: A. CARACAS 667
¶B. CARACAS 741
¶C. CARACAS 930
¶D. CARACAS 959
¶E. CARACAS 994
¶F. CARACAS 1031
¶G. CARACAS 1389
THIS MESSAGE IS SENSITIVE, BUT UNCLASSIFIED. PLEASE TREAT
ACCORDINGLY.
-------
CONTENT
-------
¶1. Overview
¶2. Economic growth
¶3. Unemployment
¶4. International reserves
¶5. Money supply M2
¶6. Exchange rates, Central Bank liquidations, and
Venezuelan basket average oil prices
¶7. Consumer price index
¶8. Balance of payments
¶9. Merchandise trade balance
¶10. Foreign direct investment
¶11. Caracas stock exchange index
¶12. Central government financial results
¶13. Central government debt
¶14. Banking system
¶15. Interest rates
¶16. Internet resources
--------
OVERVIEW
--------
¶1. Massive government expenditures, excess liquidity, and a
consumption boom have led to high economic growth rates for
the last fourteen consecutive quarters. These same
tendencies have contributed to inflation rates nearing 20
percent a year and inflation shows no sign of declining,
despite the government's efforts. As government accounts
become less transparent and institutions like the Central
Bank and the National Statistics Institute lose autonomy,
figures and methods have become untrustworthy. A weakening
investment climate has led to capital outflows in recent
years and the overvalued official exchange rate encourages
imports and discourages domestic industry. Debt levels are
relatively low and the balance of payments and foreign
exchange reserves will remain manageable unless oil prices or
production fall. Government intervention continues to affect
the financial sector and private sector institutions are
under threat.
---------------
ECONOMIC GROWTH
---------------
¶2. The Venezuelan economy has grown consistently during the
past fourteen consecutive quarters. GDP grew 10.3 percent
(in real terms) in both 2005 and 2006 and has grown 8.8
percent thus far in 2007. Non-oil economic activities such
as finance (26 percent), communications (18 percent),
commerce (21 percent), transportation (16 percent), and
construction (27 percent) have grown faster than other
sectors. This positive trend has been driven by the huge
increase in government expenditures made possible by windfall
oil profits. On the other hand, the oil sector has
contracted during the past two years (the Central Bank
calculates oil sector GDP with constant prices, so changes do
not reflect changes in the price of oil). During the first
quarter of 2007 oil sector GDP decreased by 5.6 percent. We
expect the Venezuelan economy to grow between 6-8 percent in
real terms in 2007.
REAL GDP GROWTH RATE
(PERCENTAGE)
--------------------
CARACAS 00001416 002 OF 009
OIL NON-OIL TOTAL
2000 2.3 4.2 3.7
2001 -0.9 4.0 3.4
2002 -14.2 -6.0 -8.9
2003 -1.9 -7.4 -7.8
2004 13.7 16.1 18.3
2005 2.6 11.1 10.3
2006 -1.9 11.7 10.3
2007
I Q -5.6 10.6 8.8
SOURCE: Central Bank of Venezuela.
------------
UNEMPLOYMENT
------------
¶3. According to government statistics, the unemployment rate
has fallen precipitously in recent years in line with GDP
growth. Unemployment figures have been questionable since
the National Statistics Institute (INE) changed its (still
unpublished) methodology in 2000. Similarly, poverty figures
have been unreliable since methodological changes in 2005 and
there are concerns that inflation data will be affected by
plans to change measurements in the third quarter of 2007.
Since 2005, unemployment has reportedly fallen by more than
five percentage points, although most attribute this decline
to reductions in the labor force, rather than increases in
employment (reftel F). The informal sector has also been
decreasing in size, amounting to 44 percent of total
employees (11.2 million) during May 2007. INE recently
announced a new change to its methodology, which will reduce
the informal sector to around 34 percent of the labor force.
Government social programs (missions) reduce unemployment
figures by removing participants from the labor force and
estimates are that the missions currently "employ" around
five percent of the labor force.
UNEMPLOYMENT (END OF YEAR)
--------------------------
2000 13.2
2001 12.8
2002 16.2
2003 16.8
2004 13.9
2005 11.4
2006 9.5
2007
JAN 11.1
FEB 10.9
MAR 9.5
APR 8.8
MAY 8.0
SOURCE: National Institute of Statistics (INE).
----------------------
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES
----------------------
¶4. International reserves have decreased by almost USD 12
billion during 2007 because of the USD 6.8 billion transfer
of funds from the Central Bank (BCV) to the National
Development Fund (FONDEN) in February (USD 2 billion), March
(USD 2.5 billion), and April (USD 2.3 billion) of 2007. In
addition, PDVSA's USD 7.5 billion bond issuance in April 2007
drew down reserves as PDSVA converted the Bolivars earned
from the sale into dollars (reftel A). Increases in imports
have also contributed to this decrease as has the decision to
maintain PDVSA's dollar earnings in special
dollar-denominated treasury accounts. Since its inception in
2005, FONDEN has received upwards of USD 17 billion in
transfers from the BCV. The allocations of these funds and
their uses are mostly unknown due to the severe lack of
transparency regarding FONDEN's activities.
INTERNATIONAL RESERVES (USD MILLIONS)
CARACAS 00001416 003 OF 009
---------------------------------------
BCV FIEM TOTAL
2000 DEC 15,883 4,588 20,471
2001 DEC 12,296 6,227 18,523
2002 DEC 12,003 2,857 14,860
2003 DEC 20,666 700 21,366
2004 DEC 23,498 710 24,208
2005 DEC 29,636 732 30,368
2006 DEC 36,672 768 37,440
2007
JAN 35,620 772 36,392
FEB 32,569 775 33,344
MAR 31,520 779 32,299
APR 26,393 782 27,175
MAY 24,456 786 25,242
JUN 24,346 789 25,135
SOURCE: Central Bank of Venezuela.
---------------
MONEY SUPPLY/M2
---------------
¶5. Money supply growth during the last four years has
increased inflationary pressures. In part to reduce excess
liquidity, state-owned oil company PDVSA issued bonds worth
USD 7.5 billion in April 2007 (reftel A). The issuance
didn't have the desired effect on liquidity as banks were
able to fund the purchases by redeeming money held in
BCV-issued certificates of deposit (reftel B). As such,
liquidity was hardly affected. On July 10, 2007, the BCV's
board of directors increased minimum interest rates on
savings accounts from 6.5 percent to 8 percent, and raised
legal reserve requirements from 15 percent to 17 percent,
hoping to reduce liquidity. Most experts do not expect these
measures to have a significant effect.
MONEY SUPPLY/M2 (1) MONETARY BASE
-------------------- ---------------------
End of: (million Bs.) Pct.Chg. (million Bs.) Pct.Chg.
2000 16,284,578 27.8 5,790,841 17.9
2001 16,976,364 4.2 6,478,295 11.9
2002 19,573,369 15.3 7,701,120 18.9
2003 30,835,975 57.5 11,274,439 46.4
2004 46,363,672 50.4 16,524,461 46.6
2005 70,795,981 52.7 23,086,512 39.7
2006 119,892,075 69.3 44,795,446 94.0
2007 (2)
JAN 117,532,707 -2.0 43,643,278 -2.6
FEB 118,613,669 0.9 44,101,646 1.1
MAR 121,255,451 2.2 44,974,362 2.0
APR 117,507,673 -3.1 42,953,106 -4.5
MAY 117,875,115 0.3 43,605,464 1.5
JUN 120,910,402 2.6 45,532,879 4.4
(1) M2 includes currency, demand deposits, savings, and
certificates of deposit.
(2) Preliminary figures.
SOURCE: Central Bank of Venezuela.
--------------------------------------------- ----------
EXCHANGE RATES, BCV LIQUIDATIONS, AND VENEZUELAN BASKET
AVERAGE OIL PRICE
--------------------------------------------- ----------
¶6. Foreign exchange controls have been in place since
February 2003, and the current fixed exchange rate of 2,150
Bolivars per dollar since March 2005. At the same time, the
spread between the official rate and that obtained in the
unregulated parallel market has grown from around 20 percent
to over 90 percent. According to the Minister of Finance
Rodrigo Cabezas, the BRV will not devalue the currency for
the foreseeable future. Most economists believe that the BRV
will have to devalue when oil prices decline, or when
CARACAS 00001416 004 OF 009
expenditures exceed revenues such that devaluation becomes
necessary to maintain the public sector. Distortions in the
Venezuelan economy continue to increase, and the longer the
BRV postpones devaluation, the greater the cost of the
adjustment will be for the economy. Daily BCV liquidations
so far in 2007 are USD 156 million, as of July 6, 2007. This
represents an increase of 48.6 percent over the daily average
in 2006.
END OF PERIOD EXCHANGE RATES (Bolivars/USD)
CENTRAL BANK'S LIQUIDATIONS, AND AVERAGE OIL PRICE
--------------------------------------------- -----
DAILY CENTRAL VENEZUELAN
OFFICIAL PARALLEL BANK AVERAGE BASKET OIL
MARKET MARKET LIQUIDATIONS PRICE
(1) (USD million) (USD/barrel)
---------- ---------- ------------ --------------
2000 699.75 25.91
2001 763.00 20.21
2002 1,401.25 21.95
2003 1,600.00 2,875.00 17.90 25.76
2004 1,920.00 2,673.41 58.40 32.88
2005 2,150.00 2,586.08 78.60 46.03
2006 2,150.00 3,412.46 105.00 56.45
2007
JAN 2,150.00 4,293.44 160.00 46.83
FEB 2,150.00 3,798.27 189.00 50.41
MAR 2,150.00 3,650.00 124.00 53.03
APR 2,150.00 3,750.00 117.00 58.38
MAY 2,150.00 4,100.00 206.00 59.41
JUN 2,150.00 4,150.00 156.00 62.73
(1) Starting in March 2007, the parallel exchange rate is
based on the bond swap selling rate. Before that date, it is
the rate obtained using CANTV ADRs.
SOURCES: BCV, CADIVI, Ministry of Energy and Petroleum, and
Metroeconomica (private consulting firm).
--------------------
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
--------------------
¶7. The government's inflation target for the year was
recently revised from 12 to 14 percent. However, the current
yearly inflation rate is almost 20 percent and inflation in
Venezuela typically increases over the course of the year.
Price controls in force since 2003, a reduction in the value
added tax (IVA) from 14 percent to 9 percent, massive
importation, and increases in reserve requirements have had
limited effects in reducing inflation. The oil bonanza and
associated consumption boom continue to offset anti-inflation
measures. There are also shortages of basic food items,
including milk, meat, beans, sugar, and chicken, as well as
construction materials, vehicle parts, and medicines (reftel
E).
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (1997 AVG = 100) and CORE INFLATION
--------------------------------------------- -------------
CPI CPI CORE INFLATION
END OF PERIOD (% change) (% change)
2000 206.0 13.4 12.8
2001 231.3 12.3 11.3
2002 303.5 31.2 31.2
2003 385.7 27.1 37.9
2004 459.7 19.2 21.1
2005 525.7 14.4 14.6
2006 614.9 17.0 16.3
2007
JAN 627.2 2.0 1.5
FEB 635.8 1.4 2.9
MAR 631.1 (0.7) 1.1
APR 640.0 1.4 1.2
MAY 651.1 1.7 1.8
JUN 662.6 1.8 1.9
CARACAS 00001416 005 OF 009
SOURCE: Central Bank of Venezuela.
-------------------
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
-------------------
¶8. The negative capital account balance is expected to reach
a record high in 2007 and international reserves are
estimated to fall by as much as USD 10 billion. The public
sector increase in foreign assets and the amount of private
sector capital flight will exceed the expected positive
current account balance (mainly from oil sales). The balance
of payments deficit may already be greater than it appears as
the official numbers imply oil revenues that far exceed most
private estimates of Venezuelan production. If the negative
overall balance of payment continues, it will become harder
to maintain the current exchange rate (reftel D).
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS SUMMARY
(USD BILLION)
---------------------------
JAN-MAR Forecast
2005 2006 2006 2007(1) 2007
CURRENT ACCOUNT (A) 25.5 27.2 7.0 3.7 13.0
EXPORTS, FOB 55.5 65.2 15.5 13.7 56.0
IMPORTS, FOB -23.7 -32.2 -6.2 -9.1 -37.6
TRADE BALANCE 31.8 33.0 9.3 4.6 18.4
NET SERVICES AND RENT-6.2 - 5.8 -2.3 -0.9 -5.3
NET TRANSFERS -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1
CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL
ACCOUNT (B) -16.8 -19.5 -5.6 -8.3 -22.6
DIRECT INVESTMENT 1.4 -2.6 -2.0 -1.1 -2.0
PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT -0.8 -7.6 -0.8 -2.5 -5.6
OTHER INVESTMENT -17.5 -9.2 -2.8 -4.7 -15.0
NET ERRORS AND
OMISSIONS (C) -3.2 -3.0 -0.4 -1.0 0.0
OVERALL BALANCE
(A) (B) (C) 5.5 4.7 1.0 -5.6 -9.6
(1) Preliminary figures.
SOURCES: Central Bank of Venezuela, and Ecoanalitica
(private consulting firm).
-------------------------
MERCHANDISE TRADE BALANCE
-------------------------
¶9. The overvaluation of the national currency along with
liquidity increases has caused huge increases in imports and
the reduction of non-oil exports. The United States remains
Venezuelan's largest trading partner, representing almost 50
percent of total trade during 2006, followed by Colombia (6.2
percent), and Mexico (4.9 percent). Although the BRV is
trying to diversify its trading partners, historical
relationships and strong commercial ties make it difficult
for the BRV to do so.
MERCHANDISE TRADE BALANCE (USD BILLION)
---------------------------------------
JAN-MAR Forecast
2005 2006 2006 2007(1) 2007
OIL EXPORTS (A) 48.1 58.4 13.9 12.1 50.0
NON-OIL EXPORTS (B) 7.4 6.8 1.6 1.6 6.0
TOTAL EXPORTS (C) 55.5 65.2 15.5 13.7 56.0
TOTAL IMPORTS (D) -23.7 -32.2 -6.2 -9.1 -37.6
MERCHANDISE TRADE
BALANCE (C)-(D) 31.8 33.0 9.3 4.6 18.4
(1) Preliminary figures.
CARACAS 00001416 006 OF 009
SOURCE: Central Bank of Venezuela, Ecoanalitica, and
Embassy estimates.
-------------------------
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
-------------------------
¶10. Foreign direct investment in Venezuela continues to
decrease. The socialist project that the BRV is trying to
impose, the announced constitutional changes (reftel G), and
the uncertain political and economic future, have restrained
investors from making new investments. On the contrary, some
foreign companies have decided to sell their assets in
Venezuela and to move abroad.
Abroad In Venezuela Net flow
2000 -521 4,701 4,180
2001 -204 3,683 3,479
2002 -1,026 782 -244
2003 -1,318 2,040 722
2004 -619 1,483 864
2005 -1,183 2,583 1,400
2006 -2,089 -543 -2,632
2007 (1)
I quarter -795 -260 -1,055
(1) Preliminary figures
Source: Central Bank of Venezuela.
----------------------------
CARACAS STOCK EXCHANGE INDEX
----------------------------
¶11. The Caracas Stock Exchange has been negatively affected
by the nationalization of the largest telecommunications
company CANTV and the main electrical utility EDC. Combined,
these companies represented around 30 percent of all
securities traded on the exchange, and often represented over
50 percent of daily volumes. Continual harassment of the
private sector and increased political and economic
uncertainty, coupled with nationalizations and presidential
announcements such as the plans to withdraw from the IMF have
all contributed to the negative behavior of the
capitalization index. Venezuelan steel company, Sivensa, now
represents almost half of the exchange and what was already a
small capital market continues to shrink.
CARACAS STOCK EXCHANGE CAPITALIZATION INDEX
(DECEMBER 1993 = 1,000)
-------------------------------------------
2005 2006 2007
JANUARY 29,303.14 25,119.59 43,965.85
FEBRUARY 30,388.61 28,299.33 52,533.71
MARCH 28,977.07 30,882.46 48,945.67
APRIL 25,089.14 31,194.16 43,363.32
MAY 22,493.91 30,270.60 39,481.26
JUNE 21,595.64 30,747.27 40,584.95
JULY 20,561.79 34,230.54
AUGUST 19,702.21 35,356.57
SEPTEMBER 20,769.36 35,392.58
OCTOBER 19,561.74 38,163.31
NOVEMBER 19,992.69 43,113.17
DECEMBER 20,394.83 52,233.68
SOURCES: Caracas Stock Exchange, and Metroeconomica.
------------------------------------
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS
------------------------------------
¶12. The BRV has been trying to avoid monetization of
extraordinary oil revenues through the creation of two
dollar-denominated accounts at the National Treasury Office.
The accumulation amounted to over USD 7 billion as of July
12, 2007. The diversion of funds from the Central Bank has
CARACAS 00001416 007 OF 009
temporarily decreased petroleum revenues and is in part
responsible for the central government's deficit during the
first quarter of 2007. These funds are converted to Bolivars
at the Central Bank as they are needed by PDVSA to pay
expenses. Non-oil revenues represented 57 percent of
ordinary spending during January-April 2007. Total central
government expenditures grew by 9.2 percent in real terms
during the same period.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS
(USD billion)
------------------------------------
JAN-APR
2004 2005 2006 2006 2007(1)
TOTAL REVENUES 36.1 48.3 62.3 16.2 17.7
Ordinary revenue (A) 24.0 36.2 51.9 14.8 16.4
Petroleum revenue 12.8 19.5 29.4 7.6 6.6
Non-petroleum revenue 11.3 16.7 22.5 7.2 9.8
Extraordinary revenue 12.1 12.1 10.4 1.4 1.3
TOTAL EXPENDITURES 32.6 41.4 58.5 18.4 20.1
Ordinary expenditures (B)27.2 36.4 53.0 15.7 17.2
Extraordinary expenditures5.4 5.0 5.5 2.7 2.9
SURPLUS OR DEFICIT (A))(B) -3.2 -0.2 -1.1 -0.9 -0.8
(1) Preliminary figures.
Sources: Central Bank of Venezuela.
-----------------------
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEBT
-----------------------
¶13. Central government debt levels have been stable during
the last four years. Public credit officials at the Ministry
of Finance told Econoffs that they will continue to
reschedule debt during 2007, buying back the most expensive
debt first. At the same time, state-owned oil company PDVSA
has been increasing its external debt. Thus far in 2007,
PDVSA has issued over USD 12.5 billion in dollar-denominated
debt, presumably to continue to finance government social
programs and maintain transfers to FONDEN (reftel C).
END OF PERIOD CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEBT
(USD BILLION)
-------------------------------------
Q1
2004 2005 2006 2007 (1)
FOREIGN DEBT 27.2 31.1 27.3 26.5
Bond holders 21.0 25.4 21.5 21.4
Commercial banks 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7
Bilateral 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
Multilateral 3.5 3.1 3.4 2.8
Suppliers 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
DOMESTIC DEBT 15.5 15.6 16.8 15.9
------ ----- ----- ------
TOTAL 42.7 46.7 44.1 42.4
(1) Preliminary figures.
SOURCE: Ministry of Finance.
--------------
BANKING SYSTEM
--------------
¶15. This is one of the economic sectors that has grown
fastest during the last four years. Banks in Venezuela have
CARACAS 00001416 008 OF 009
been actively financing the consumption boom. Loans for
cars, homes, and credit cards have doubled in less than two
years. Financial sector returns exceed 30 percent and
business is booming. In part because of perceived "excess
profits," the government has been threatening the financial
sector with profit caps and potential nationalization. To
date, most of the pressure has been in the form of fixed
interest rates, directed lending requirements, and tax
increases.
BANKING SYSTEM KEY INDICATORS
(percentages)
-----------------------------
DEC 05 DEC 06 MAR 07
Past due loans/
gross loans 1.08 1.06 1.06
Credit portfolio allowance/
past due loans 251.34 229.09 210.51
Equity/total assets 11.12 9.81 9.41
Net financial margin/
average asset 3.66 2.97 2.40
Net financial margin/
average equity 32.49 31.64 29.09
Net loans/
total deposits 54.86 48.81 50.72
Source: SUDEBAN
--------------
INTEREST RATES
--------------
¶16. On July 10, 2007, the BCV issued a resolution changing
maximum and minimum interest rates for lending (28 percent)
and savings (8 percent). Also, certificates of deposit
issued by financial institutions now must pay at least 11
percent interest, and the certificates of deposit issued by
the BCV will pay 10 percent with a maturity of 28 days, and
11 percent for those maturing in 56 days. By reducing
financial margins, bank profits may fall in the short term.
AVERAGE INTEREST RATES OF THE SIX MOST IMPORTANT
COMMERCIAL AND UNIVERSAL BANKS
--------------------------------------------- ---
Loans Deposits
------- -------------------
Savings 90 days
2000 23.91 3.35 14.80
2001 25.64 2.40 14.13
2002 37.08 3.90 28.29
2003 24.05 6.15 17.58
2004 17.06 4.52 12.93
2005 15.36 6.64 11.74
2006 14.64 6.81 10.20
2007
JAN 15.78 6.58 10.05
FEB 15.50 6.58 10.13
MAR 14.94 6.58 14.94
APR 15.99 6.57 10.11
MAY 15.94 6.57 10.12
JUN 14.91 6.57 10.14
SOURCE: Central Bank of Venezuela.
------------------
INTERNET RESOURCES
------------------
¶17. INTERNET RESOURCES:
AMEMBASSY CARACAS WEBSITE: venezuela.usembassy.gov
CARACAS 00001416 009 OF 009
-
EXCHANGE RATES AND INTERNATIONAL RESERVES: www.bcv.org.ve
-
STOCK EXCHANGE: www.caracasstock.com
-
TRADE AND LABOR FORCE STATISTICS: www.ine.gov.ve
-
BUSINESS INFORMATION: www.venamcham.org
-
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES: www.conapri.org
-
PETROLEUM INFORMATION: www.pdvsa.com,
www.mep.gov.ve
-
PUBLIC FINANCE INFORMATION: www.mf.gov.ve
-
FINANCIAL INDICATORS: www.sudeban.gov.ve
-
ECONOMIC PUBLICATIONS: www.metroeconomica.com.ve,
www.veneconomy.com, www.bancomercantil.com, www.provincial.com
-
NEWSPAPERS: www.eluniversal.com,
www.el-nacional.com
-
LEGAL PUBLICATIONS: www.datalegis.com.ve,
www.bpmaw.com, www.traviesoevans.com,
www.tpa.com.ve, www.drba.com.ve
-
VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT: www.venezuela.gov.ve,
www.platino.gov.ve
FRENCH