Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 07KABUL2070, Afghanistan Energy: Revisiting NEPS
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #07KABUL2070.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07KABUL2070 | 2007-06-27 12:41 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Kabul |
VZCZCXRO7159
OO RUEHDBU RUEHIK RUEHLN RUEHPW RUEHVK RUEHYG
DE RUEHBUL #2070/01 1781241
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 271241Z JUN 07
FM AMEMBASSY KABUL
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8845
INFO RUCNAFG/AFGHANISTAN COLLECTIVE
RUCNCIS/CIS COLLECTIVE
RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC
RUEKJCS/OSD WASHINGTON DC
RUEKJCS/JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC 0502
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RHMFIUU/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC
RHMFIUU/HQ USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 07 KABUL 002070
SIPDIS
STATE FOR SCA/A, SCA/FO (A/S BOUCHER, GASTRIGHT, DEUTSCH)
STATE PASS USTDA FOR DSTEIN/SGREENIP
STATE PASS OPIC, USAID
OPIC FOR MOSBACHER/ZAHNISER/STEELE
MANILA PLEASE PASS ADB/USED
NSC FOR AHARRIMAN
USAID FOR JKUNDER, MWARD
TREASURY FOR ABAUKOL
OSD FOR SHINN, SHIVERS
CENTCOM FOR CFC-A, CG CJTF-76, POLAD, JICENT
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O.12958: N/A
TAGS: ENRG ECON EPET ETRD KPWR EAID PGOV AF
SUBJECT: Afghanistan Energy: Revisiting NEPS
Ref: A) Kabul 1583/1206/1033/936/935/692
B) Kabul 317/274/162 C) 06 Kabul 5353 and previous
¶1. (SBU) Summary: The North East Power System (NEPS) is at the
center of the GOA strategy to provide affordable and reliable
electricity to the Afghan people, a high economic and political
priority for the GOA and the donor community. NEPS transmission
lines were designed to import 300MW of power from each of
Afghanistan's three northern neighbors and to be supplemented by
some domestic generations. During the last few months some of the
assumptions underlying NEPS have changed. There may be less than
expected electricity imports from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan and the
timeline could be delayed beyond the end-2008 target date for
completion of NEPS. Turkmenistan says it has more electricity to
export but wants to transmit it over a line not compatible with
NEPS. This has raised some routing and financing questions and
reopened some decisions, which could delay electricity imports from
Turkmenistan as well as increase the cost of construction of the
transmission line. The backbone transmission line from north
central Afghanistan to Kabul has capacity to carry less power than
originally expected. Completion of the Sheberghan power plant has
been pushed back to 2010 due to delays in gas field development and
because we had to move funds to purchase generators for Kabul. With
the likelihood of delays in some pieces of NEPS, the USG decision
this year to go ahead with 100MW of generation capacity in Kabul
appears to be even more justified and prescient.
¶2. (SBU) These shifting NEPS assumptions do not endanger the
project. It remains a multi-donor, diversified power source
flagship program designed to provide a major supply of power to
Kabul and to communities along the way. We must, however, respond
to some of these changes quickly and encourage donors to do so as
well. The Inter-Ministerial Committee on Energy (ICE) has become a
highly effective vehicle to identify these changes and respond to
them by coordinating donor and GOA resources. Embassy believes that
the sixth meeting of the Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board in
Kabul in September 2007 presents an excellent opportunity for GOA to
increase awareness among donor representatives about the inherent
uncertainty of NEPS, to alert them to slippage in some of the NEPS
timelines, to mobilize support for a renewed momentum on NEPS, and
to seek donor assistance to fill some of the funding gaps in NEPS.
The third Regional Economic Cooperation Conference in Islamabad
(dates TBD) and the CASA100 conference in Kabul this September offer
other opportunities for NEPS discussions. Embassy Kabul appreciates
the support for NEPS provided by Embassies Dunshanbe, Tashkent,
Ashgabat and Delhi and the SARI/E and REMAP programs. Given the
somewhat opaque operating environment, we are working NEPS with
imperfect information. Your continued reporting and assistance is
very valuable to us. End Summary.
Energy: A High Priority For Afghans
-----------------------------------
¶3. (SBU) Electricity is one of the most politically sensitive
issues in Afghanistan (reftels). Surveys show that Afghans view
electricity as one of their highest priorities. Only about 10
percent of the population has access to public power. Even more
disquieting is that the supply of electricity in the country has not
improved during the last five years, raising serious political
fall-out for the GOA as well as the USG and the international
community. President Karzai and other GOA leaders have singled out
support for the power sector as one of the most pressing needs of
the country. To address these political and economic imperatives,
we are working with the GOA and the donor community to build a
sustainable network that delivers affordable and reliable
electricity to Afghans. Such a network would also advance Afghan
economic growth, prosperity and stability, high priority strategic
USG objectives in Afghanistan.
NEPS: Shifting Assumptions
--------------------------
KABUL 00002070 002 OF 007
¶4. (SBU) The multi-donor North East Power System (NEPS) project is
at the core of our power sector strategy for Afghanistan. Together
with the smaller USG-funded South East Power System (SEPS) project,
NEPS would provide access to electricity in areas covering about 60
percent of Afghanistan's population. During the last four months
some of the assumptions underlying NEPS have changed (see paras
9-22). It does not mean that NEPS is endangered. It remains a
multi-donor, diversified power source flagship program designed to
provide a major supply of power to Kabul and to communities along
the way. We must, however, respond to some of the shifting
assumptions and encourage other donors to do so as well. We must
also re-energize our NEPS efforts and continue to urge Afghans to
establish a homogenous overall vision. As a result of the NEPS
changes, there is likely to be slippage in the 2008-2009 target date
for NEPS completion, although if we address selected issues, power
can begin to flow by end-2008. With the likelihood of delays in
some pieces of NEPS, the USG decision this year to go ahead with
100MW of generation capacity in Kabul appears to be even more
justified and prescient.
ICE: Highly Effective
---------------------
¶5. (SBU) The Inter-ministerial Committee on Energy (ICE),
established by Presidential decree in November 2006 (ref B), has
been a highly effective vehicle to respond to these changes. While
still trying to find its organizational legs, ICE has already become
a very productive coordinating body on energy issues both within the
GOA and between the GOA and donors. Under Economy Minister Jalil
Shams, ICE has also become an important player in providing high
level policy direction in the energy sector. It is through the
ICE-convened coordinating meetings that the GOA and donors as a
group have been able to identify the some of the changes in NEPS
assumptions and to deliberate on how best to respond to these
changes. ICE has taken the lead role in mobilizing the Ministry of
Energy and Water (MEW) and donors to systematically prioritize
energy sector development projects, to identify funding and resource
gaps and to seek funding alternatives.
Opportunities to Reenergize NEPS
--------------------------------
¶6. (SBU) Embassy believes that the sixth meeting of the Joint
Coordination and Monitoring Board (JCMB-VI) to be held in Kabul in
September 2007 offers an excellent opportunity for the GOA to
increase awareness among donor representatives about the inherent
uncertainty of NEPS, to alert them to slippage in some of the NEPS
timelines, to mobilize support for a renewed momentum on NEPS, and
to seek donor assistance to fill some of the funding gaps in NEPS.
Other targets of opportunity to push forward on NEPS with regional
states and donors are the third Regional Economic Cooperation
Conference in Islamabad (dates tbd) and the CASA1000 conference in
Kabul September 5-6.
¶7. (U) Embassy Kabul appreciates the support for NEPS provided by
Embassies Dunshanbe, Tashkent, Ashgabat and Delhi and the SARI/E and
REMAP programs. Given the complexities of various pieces of NEPS
and the somewhat opaque environment in some Central Asian states, we
are working NEPS with imperfect information. Your continued
reporting and assistance is very valuable to us. We suggest even
more invigorated coordination and exchange between the Embassies and
the SARI/E and ReMAP programs. Such coordination will allow us to
deliver a consistent and synchronized message to the NEPS players
and to influence their actions so that NEPS becomes a reality in a
timely manner. In particular, we would appreciate any information
on the availability of surplus power in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and
Turkmenistan.
Original NEPS
-------------
¶8. (U) NEPS was conceived in 2003 as a cross-border project in
KABUL 00002070 003 OF 007
which 220kv transmission lines would be built to import 300 MW of
power each from Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. These
cross-border arrangements would be locked in with power purchase
agreements (PPA) drafted according to international best practices.
The three lines would converge at Pul-e-Khumri in north central
Afghanistan, from where another transmission line would be built
over the Hindu Kush mountains and the Salang Pass to Kabul. NEPS
would also be fed by a 100 MW thermal plant to be built by USAID at
the Sheberghan gas field near Mazar-e-Sharif. Of the proposed 1000
MW thus flowing into NEPS by end-2008, 600 MW would be transmitted
to Kabul and the adjoining areas, with 400 MW to be absorbed by
communities along the transmission lines in northern Afghanistan.
If other domestic sources of electricity were to be developed in the
future, they could also be fed into NEPS. In this manner, NEPS was
envisaged as a transmission backbone for a large part of the
country.
Tajikistan Connection: ADB
--------------------------
¶9. (SBU) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is responsible for the
142km $35 million transmission line from the Tajik border to
Pul-e-Khumri. The ADB is also responsible for construction of the
line on the Tajik side of the border. Completion of the
transmission line for Tajik power has been delayed and, when it is
built, it is expected to carry less power than originally
anticipated. A fundamental difficulty about the Tajik connection is
uncertainty about the amount of surplus power available within
Tajikistan.
-- The line has been delayed beyond 2008 because power purchase
agreement negotiations are taking longer than expected and ADB will
not begin construction until a PPA is in place;
-- Instead of the expected 300 MW to be imported year-around, the
Tajiks are willing to only agree to 100 MW and only during 5-6
months in the summer; in their latest offer they are unwilling to
make any commitments on firm supply or to lock in a price;
¶10. (SBU) Embassy recommends a multi-pronged effort to push the
GOA, the Tajiks and the ADB as well as the World Bank (both of which
are providing consultation advice to the Tajiks and the Afghans on
the PPAs) to:
-- conclude the PPA at the earliest so construction can begin on the
transmission line;
-- encourage the Tajiks to be more forward leaning on providing
guarantees on supply and price;
-- encourage the ADB, the GOA and the Tajiks to agree to begin
construction on the line without a finalized PPA; and
-- reinvigorate our USAID-funded consultation services for the PPA
and technical aspects of the transmission links.
Uzbekistan Connection: ADB
--------------------------
¶11. (SBU) The ADB is responsible for the 192km $55 million line
from the Uzbek border to Pul-e-Khmuri. Construction of the line is
on schedule for completion by end-2008. There are serious
questions, however, about transmission capacity on the Uzbek side of
the border which may both delay and severely limit power supply from
Uzbekistan. Instead of the expected 300 MW, there may be no
electricity supply into the NEPS network from Uzbekistan unless
there is some investment soon in transmission capacity on the Uzbek
side of the border.
-- The GOA and the donor community recently learned that there is no
220kv connection line on the Uzbek side of the border to feed power
to the 220kv line being built within Afghanistan by the ADB. The
KABUL 00002070 004 OF 007
existing connection within Uzbekistan is a 110kv line which feeds 25
MW into a 110kv line to Mazar-e-Sharif. The 110kv connections are
not part of the 220kv NEPS transmission system.
-- In order to get any power from Uzbekistan, NEPS needs a 50km
220kv transmission line from the border to Surkhan within
Uzbekistan. This new line would allow 150MW of power we believe is
available at Surkhan to flow into NEPS.
-- In order to get an additional 150MW (for a total of 300MW) at
Surkhan, transmission connections will also have to be built from
Surkhan to northern Uzbekistan; we do not know the detailed systems
configurations for this connection.
-- A recent ADB mission to Uzbekistan recommended that ADB consider
assistance on transmission lines within Uzbekistan to enable import
of electricity by Afghanistan. We understand, however, from ADB
staff that its project approval procedures make it highly unlikely
that either the line from the border to Surkhan or the one from
Surkhan to northern Uzbekistan can be built before 2010.
¶12. (SBU) Embassy believes that our immediate aim should be to find
a means to fund the 50km 220kv line from the border to Surkhan soQthat it can be completed before end-2008 and 150MW can begin to flow
into NEPS. Without this line, we are unlikely to have any power in
NEPS by end-2008 even though key pieces of NEPS -- Uzbek border to
Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul -- will be completed by then.
-- GOA Funding: The most promising option for the Surkhan-to-border
line appears to be one where the GOA fronts the $20 million needed
for this line to the Uzbeks as prepayment for the power they will
import and the Uzbeks fast track construction of the line. In a May
27 ICE meeting, the GOA told donors that it had reached internal
agreement on this approach. Energy and Water Minister Ismail Khan,
Economy Minister Shams and Deputy Finance Minister Shahrani plan to
visit Tashkent to make this offer to the Uzbeks. Embassy will press
the GOA to make this visit at the earliest.
-- Korea: We understand Korea has expressed some interest in
providing assistance within Uzbekistan to support Afghan-related
projects. If the GOA-funded, Uzbek-built proposal is not finalized
soon, we should encourage the Koreans to assist with the
Surkhan-to-border transmission line. For the Koreans, such a
project would have multiple advantages: assistance to Uzbekistan,
assistance to Afghanistan, and a seat at the high table by becoming
stake-holders in NEPS, the flagship multi-donor energy program in
Afghanistan. In any approach we make to the Koreans, we should
underscore the urgency of this piece of the NEPS puzzle.
-- ADB: We should encourage the ADB to work on a parallel track on
funding the transmission lines beyond Surkhan to northern Uzbekistan
so that up to 300 MW of electricity would be eventually available
for import from Uzbekistan into NEPS.
-- USG: Due to constrained Uzbek relations with the United States,
the USG should remain in the background on the Uzbek-Afghan energy
trade issue. We should, however, continue to provide consultant
support to the GOA on the proposed PPA as well as the technical
aspects of the transmission links.
Turkmenistan Connection: USAID
------------------------------
¶13. (SBU) Under the original NEPS structure, USAID is responsible
for the 267km $57 million transmission line from the Turkmenistan
border to Sheberghan. Due to the ADB's decision in 2006 not to fund
the Sheberghan-Mazar connection, this section was also added to
USAID's program. The Turkmenistan connection appears to be the most
bedeviling at this point because recent developments have reopened
some fundamental decisions that had been made. It appears now that
more than 300MW of power may be available from Turkmenistan but the
transmission line from Turkmenistan will cost more and will be
KABUL 00002070 005 OF 007
delayed beyond end-2008 because Afghan-Turkmen discussions on the
technical aspects have not yielded results to date.
¶14. In a June 2007, Afghan Minister of Energy and Water Ismail Khan
and the Turkmen Minister of Energy and Industry signed a "Protocol
of Intention" under which:
-- Turkmenistan is willing to supply electricity on a 500kv line
(Note: We understand that 500kv is the standard the Turkmen now use
for all new lines on their grid. NEPS standard is 220kv);
-- each country would fund transmission lines within its territories
from its own funds;
-- Turkmenistan agreed to supply 300MW of power (Note: we have heard
that the Turkmen privately told the Afghans that they could supply
more.)
-- the terms of the power trade would be defined by a PPA.
¶15. (SBU) Donors will receive a complete read-out of the GOA visit
to Turkmenistan at the next ICE meeting scheduled for June 28. The
connection to Turkmenistan presents the largest true construction
problem. Turkmenistan's offer of more power on a 500kv line raises
several questions and reopens some previous decisions:
-- Who will fund the additional $30 million for a substation to step
down the voltage from 500kv to 220kv?
-- Given the opportunity to receive more power from Turkmenistan (to
make up in part or in whole for less power from Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan), is it more appropriate to build a larger capacity 500kv
line within Afghanistan as well?
-- Who will fund the excess cost of a 500kv line within Afghanistan
relative to a 220kv line budgeted for by USAID?
-- What is the optimal border crossing point for the Turkmenistan
connection?
-- If the transmission line from the Turkmenistan border were 500kv,
where should it terminate within Afghanistan? Pul-e-Khumri,
Naibabad, Mazar, Sheberghan or Andkhoy?
¶16. (SBU) USAID currently has $57 million for the originally
proposed line from Turkmenistan to Mazar. If the decision is to
build a 500kv line along the original alignment within Afghanistan,
then either USAID will need additional funding or the GOA and donors
will have to seek other funding sources. The GOA is also
considering asking the Turkmen to build the line within Afghanistan
because they claim to be able to build transmission capacity cheaper
and quicker than the international community. This option would
raise questions about whether to risk the GOA and Turkmenistan
building this crucial line.
¶17. (SBU) We understand that Turkmenistan believes that an elaborate
PPA is not necessary for cross-border electricity trade and the
existing MOU will be adequate. We should encourage the Turkmenistan
Government to engage in serious PPA discussions with the GOA because
it is in its self-interest to enter binding agreements that promise
to bring in a significant and steady stream of revenue over a long
period of time. The USG should continue to provide consultant
support to the GOA on the proposed PPA.
The Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul Backbone: India
-----------------------------------------
¶18. (SBU) The Indian Government is responsible for the 201km km
220kv line from Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul. Construction is ahead of
schedule, with completion expected in October 2008. This line,
however, will only have the capacity to transmit 250MW instead of
the originally conceived 600MW because mountainous terrain and
KABUL 00002070 006 OF 007
difficult weather conditions pose constraints on the volume.
-- The GOA and donors should begin discussion about a second line in
the medium term from Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul to enable more power to
be transmitted to Kabul and provinces to the south and east of
Kabul.
Sheberghan Power Plant: USAID
-----------------------------
¶19. (SBU) The proposed 100MW USAID-funded power plant at Sheberghan
is a critical piece of the Afghan electricity strategy because it
represents the only planned domestic source of power in NEPS at this
point. The project has been delayed to 2010 for several reasons.
USAID had to initially wait for ADB's project to rehabilitate gas
wells at Sheberghan before it could move ahead on its project.
After two aborted ADB tenders to find a service contractor for the
gas well rehabilitation, USAID decided in late 2006 to move ahead
itself on a $12 million project to verify reserves and rehabilitate
seven wells so it can begin the design and construction the power
plant. The task order has been issued to USAID contractor Black and
Veatch, which is looking for service provider. We expect the
verification and rehabilitation work will begin in October 2007,
with design work on the power plant to commence in 2008 after proof
of availability of gas for 20-25 years has been established.
Separately, we are discussing with ADB a proposal to combine the ADB
and USAID natural gas projects at Sheberghan to launch a more
comprehensive development of the gas fields in the Sheberghan region
(septel). Another reason for the delay on the Sheberghan power
plant is that USAID had to reprogram money allocated for the power
plant to purchase the generators for Kabul (Ref A: 07 Kabul 936 and
07 Kabul 692).
Funding/Other Gaps in NEPS
--------------------------
¶20. (SBU) Working closely with donors, ICE has systematically
identified funding and other gaps in NEPS over the last four months.
Some of those gaps have been plugged:
-- India has agreed to fund substations at Doshi and Charikara;
-- Germany will fund substations at Mazar and Konduz;
-- GOA will reallocate $27 million from the Afghanistan
Reconstruction Trust Fund for a partial upgrade of the Kabul
distribution system.
¶21. (U) There are, however, several areas that need urgent
attention:
-- $5 million for a reactive power compensation system
-- Additional funding for the distribution system in Kabul to stop
leakages and to enable it to absorb the additional 250MW when NEPS
come on line
-- $27.5 million Load Dispatch and Control Center and a NEPS
Operations and Maintenance contractor
-- $4.5 million for an Emergency Restoration System
-- $6.0 million for Operations and Maintenance
-- Distribution systems in Doshi, Charikar, Mazar, Pul-e-Khumri,
Khulm and Aybak.
Comment on Power Purchase Agreements
------------------------------------
¶22. (SBU) According to feedback from MEW and international
consultants helping with the power purchase agreements, the
KABUL 00002070 007 OF 007
prospective NEPS suppliers -- Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and
Turkmenistan -- are reluctant to enter into binding power purchase
agreements. The commercial approach of these countries is heavily
influenced by their soviet-era roots in which commercial relations
did not need contractual agreements laying out in detail the rights
and obligations of the contracting parties. Utility officials in
these states also do not appear to have the capacity to fully
understand the PPAs drafted to international best practice standards
by international consultants that are being offered to them. We
should continue to press vigorously on all sides for the countries
to enter into these PPAs at the earliest and continue robust USAID
consultant support for these PPA processes. However, we should be
prepared to accept that it may not be possible to finalize the PPAs
in a timely manner and that the actual cross-border flow of NEPS
power may have to begin under the existing non-binding MOUs that
Afghanistan has in place with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and
Turkmenistan. We believe that once electricity begins to flow into
NEPS in sufficient volumes, there will be increasing incentive for
the trading partners to formalize the arrangements into binding
agreements. The only line that is contingent on a PPA at this time
is the Tajikistan connection, where the ADB will not begin
construction of the line until a PPA is in place. We should
encourage the ADB to loosen this conditionality.
Wood