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Viewing cable 07TOKYO1945, U.S.-JAPAN INVESTMENT WORKING GROUP APRIL 2007 SESSION

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07TOKYO1945 2007-05-01 07:27 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Tokyo
VZCZCXRO2101
RR RUEHFK RUEHKSO RUEHNAG
DE RUEHKO #1945/01 1210727
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 010727Z MAY 07
FM AMEMBASSY TOKYO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 3198
INFO RUEHOK/AMCONSUL OSAKA KOBE 4460
RUEHFK/AMCONSUL FUKUOKA 0922
RUEHKSO/AMCONSUL SAPPORO 1830
RUEHNAG/AMCONSUL NAGOYA 0197
RUEAWJA/USDOJ WASHDC
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 TOKYO 001945 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
FOR EAP, EAP/J AND EB/IFD/OIA 
USDOC FOR 4410/ITA/MAC/OJ/NMELCHER 
STATE PASS USTR FOR WCUTLER, MBEEMAN, RMEYERS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EINV ECON ELAB ETRD CVIS JA
SUBJECT: U.S.-JAPAN INVESTMENT WORKING GROUP APRIL 2007 SESSION 
 
 
SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED - PROTECT ACCORDINGLY 
 
Ref: A) 06 Tokyo 6584 
 B) Tokyo 454 
 
1.  (SBU) Summary:  The second session of the U.S.-Japan Investment 
Working Group (IWG) for FY-2007 took place on April 13 via digital 
videoconference (DVC).  The IWG reviewed progress on all agenda 
items in advance of the annual report to leaders in June.  Both 
sides expressed satisfaction with the results of February's 
information exchange on investment chapters in bilateral agreements, 
which concluded that the United States and Japan took similar 
approaches to negotiating investment texts.  The IWG agreed to reach 
out to the private sector for its views on the investment climate in 
both countries, possibly as early as May.  On specific U.S. 
concerns, METI announced the April 13 promulgation of final tax 
deferral rules for triangular mergers.  Both sides agreed the market 
would be the final judge of the effectiveness of the new rules in 
facilitating new investment flows.  METI rejected a U.S. proposal to 
conduct a formal study of the impact of the tax rules before the end 
of 2008 but promised it would continue to "monitor" Japan's M&A 
climate.  On educational services, MEXT reported it had issued new 
regulations which expand nationwide existing special zone rules that 
allow universities to lease, not own, their physical facilities. 
This should facilitate market entry of new foreign universities by 
reducing start-up costs.  There were no significant developments on 
labor mobility issues.  Ambassador Michael Michalak headed the U.S. 
delegation and Noriyuki Mita, Director of the Americas Division lead 
the Japanese side. End Summary. 
 
Experts Review of Investment Chapters 
------------------------------------- 
 
2.  (SBU) During an April 13 DVC, the U.S.-Japan Investment Working 
Group reviewed the results of the February meeting of the Investment 
Experts Sub-committee which conducted a comparison study of the 
investment chapters of both countries' bilateral investment treaties 
(BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs).  The experts concluded that 
the United States and Japan take similar approaches to negotiating 
investment texts, putting a priority on guaranteeing national 
treatment, obtaining most favored nation status and covering the 
full lifecycle of the investment.  Both sides also seek a guarantee 
of "fair and equitable treatment" as the minimum standard for 
investment protection, prohibit specific performance requirements 
and take a "negative list" approach to restricted sectors.  USTR's 
Director for Investment and Services observed that Japan's views on 
international investment issues are closer to the U.S.' positions 
than any other country with which the U.S. has negotiated an 
investment treaty or chapter.  In the U.S.' experience, most 
countries with which it negotiates are negotiating a high quality 
agreement for the first time. 
 
3.  (SBU) Where the U.S. and Japanese approaches most differ is in 
dispute settlement, with U.S. agreements generally having wider 
coverage, allowing dispute mechanisms to handle issues related to 
investment authorization and changes to the conditions for 
investment approval.  Dispute settlement procedures in Japanese 
agreements, by contrast, generally cover only disputes arising from 
breach of the agreement itself.  Japan's acting IWG co-chair, METI's 
Director of the Americas Division, noted the particular relevance of 
the broad U.S.-style coverage for future investment agreements with 
China, which often changes investment rules after the fact.  Other 
differences between existing U.S. and Japanese texts involve 
exceptions to the agreement.  U.S. agreements generally allow only 
limited exceptions while Japan's agreements include exceptions based 
on the OECD's draft Multilateral Agreement on Investment or for 
national security concerns. 
 
4.  (SBU) Japan also commended the United States negotiators for 
their extensive "due diligence" work prior to entering BIT/FTA 
negotiations, including internal discussions through the Trade 
Policy Review Mechanism and external consultations with both the 
Congress and the private sector. 
 
5.  (SBU)  The IWG also discussed future cooperation in multilateral 
investment fora.  The two sides agreed to work together to encourage 
APEC members to make greater use of the OECD's Policy Framework for 
Investment (PFI) matrix as a tool to analyze and improve individual 
member's investment regimes.  Japan also proposed, and the United 
States agreed, to expand bilateral cooperation in multilateral and 
plurilateral fora, such as the G-8 where Germany recently proposed 
 
TOKYO 00001945  002 OF 005 
 
 
new language related to investment protection.  But both sides 
agreed it was not practical to try to advance investment issues 
multilaterally through the WTO at the present time. 
 
6.  (SBU) Japan requested a briefing on the investment chapter of 
the recently-concluded U.S.-Korea FTA (KORUS) but the U.S. side 
declined noting that a final KORUS text is not yet publicly 
available.  The U.S. side did note, however, that the KORUS 
investment chapter was very similar to investment chapters in other 
U.S. FTAs. 
 
U.S. Concerns 
------------- 
 
7.  (SBU) Triangular Mergers: The U.S. expressed appreciation for 
Japan's work on final implementation of the triangular merger 
provisions of the Company Law, which take effect May 1.  In the 
U.S.' view, these provisions will be key to achieving the Prime 
Minister's goal of raising Japan's stock of foreign direct 
investment (FDI).  However, the U.S. side expressed concern that 
proposed tax deferral rules could reduce the amount of FDI Japan 
might otherwise receive as a result of the new law.  The U.S. 
intends to closely track how the new tax rules operate in practice 
to determine if they are impeding use of the triangular merger 
provisions.  It asked the Japanese government to consider 
undertaking its own formal review of the new rules by the end of 
2008. 
 
8.  (SBU) METI's Director of Trade and Investment Facilitation 
responded that because the government considers the new tax rules to 
be permanent the government would not do a formal review of their 
impact but METI will regularly monitor the overall condition of 
Japan's M&A regime going forward.  The government's policy of 
encouraging inward FDI remains unchanged.  Both sides agreed to 
continue joint efforts to encourage increased FDI into Japan. 
 
9.  (SBU) On a related issue, the U.S. side reported that it had 
examined MOJ's draft rules for enhanced disclosure requirements by 
firms involved in triangular mergers and found nothing 
objectionable.  MOJ responded that it had received a number of 
formal comments on the new rules.  Based on those generally positive 
comments, MOJ was now making technical modifications to the draft 
rules and expected only minor changes in the final regulations. 
 
10.  (SBU) Defensive Measures: The U.S. side asked whether METI or 
the Tokyo Stock Exchange had undertaken a study of the impact of the 
increasing numbers of defensive measures adopted by Japanese 
companies since the 2005 Company Law took effect in May 2006. 
METI's Director of Industrial Organizations responded that, as of 
March 31, 2007, 220 Japanese companies had introduced changes to 
their by-laws to allow some form of defensive measures to hostile 
takeover bids.  With the approach of the season for shareholders' 
meetings in June, it was likely additional firms would adopt such 
measures.  But, METI noted, since few companies had actually used 
these measures yet, there was not enough real world experience to 
draw valid conclusions as to the impact on the market. 
 
11.  (SBU) The U.S. requested an explanation of the recent 
reconstitution of METI's Corporate Value Study Group which met for 
the first time in more than a year on April 6.  According to METI's 
Director of Industrial Organizations the study group discussed a 
number of recent developments in Japan's M&A market, including the 
types of defensive measures firm have adopted, the use of different 
classes of stock to improve corporate governance and the need for a 
consistent approach toward delisting troubled companies but did not 
reach any formal conclusions. 
 
12.  (SBU) Educational Services: Ministry of Education, Culture, 
Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) reported that, since the last 
IWG meeting (Ref A), MEXT officials have met several times with 
representatives of Temple University Japan (TUJ) to discuss the 
criteria TUJ would have to meet to receive legal status as a 
Japanese educational institution (gakko hojin).  Informal 
communications with TUJ by phone and e-mail are continuing but, 
contrary to press reports, TUJ has not yet submitted a formal 
application for gakko hojin status. 
 
13.  (SBU) MEXT also reported the result of its request for public 
comment on a proposal to drop the requirement that universities and 
other institutions of higher education must own their own land and 
facilities.  MEXT reported it had received a number of comments both 
 
TOKYO 00001945  003 OF 005 
 
 
pro and con and the Ministry had issued final regulations extending 
the rules, which previously were limited to special zones for 
structural reform, nationwide as of April 1.  The U.S. side 
expressed hope that the new rules would lower entry costs of new 
foreign educational institutions entering the Japanese market. 
 
14.  (SBU) Labor Issues: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 
(MHLW) reported on the government's efforts to expand rules 
governing white collar overtime exemption. The ruling party 
originally planned to introduce legislation on this subject in the 
current Diet session but according to MHLW had been "unable to gain 
the understanding of the Japanese people" for the proposal and 
withdrew it.  However, MHLW said the government will continue to 
look for ways to promote greater flexibility in the workplace. 
 
15. (SBU) On defined contribution pension plans, MHLW has undertaken 
a study of the current system, as required by legislation.  Based on 
that study, the Ministry is now considering changes to the law 
including an increase in contribution limits for defined 
contribution plans, as requested by a number of domestic and foreign 
firms.  On the issue of monetary settlements for disputed 
dismissals, MHLW said the issue had been too divisive to include in 
the new Labor Contracts Law, but that study of the issue continues. 
 
Study Group on the International Investment Climate in a Globalized 
Economy 
--------------------------------------------- --------- 
 
16.  (SBU) The U.S. requested a report on the outcome of discussion 
within the METI Study Group on International Investment Climate in a 
Globalized Economy which METI established in December 2006 to 
recommend changes to the Foreign Exchange Control Law (Ref B) 
restrictions on foreign investment for national security reasons. 
According to METI, the group has met several times but has made no 
final recommendations.  METI assured the IWG that the objective of 
the study was to make Japan's regulations consistent with other 
countries' rules and, whatever the group recommended, METI would 
"try very hard to ensure the rules do not impede inward foreign 
direct investment."  The U.S. welcomed further discussion of the 
study group's recommendations at a future IWG meeting. 
 
Japan Concerns 
-------------- 
 
17.  (SBU)  Visas: Japan reiterated its concerns regarding U.S. visa 
policy, specifically its request for resumption of domestic 
revalidation of work visas, expanding the ability to revalidate such 
visas in third countries, consideration of the extension of the 
validity of such visas and expanding the number of visa-issuing 
posts in Japan.  The United States responded it was currently making 
technical preparations for resumption of visa services at U.S. 
Consulate Fukuoka under a similar process to that used at U.S. 
Consulate Sapporo.  There were no new developments in other areas of 
concern. 
 
18.  (SBU) Secure Trade: The United States and Japan have agreed to 
discuss secure trade issues in a joint task force as part of the 
sub-cabinet process.  The task force held its first meeting in early 
March.  Japan said it found the March meeting very fruitful and 
agreed to continue discussion of secure trade issues in that forum. 
But it asked to retain the option of raising these issues at future 
IWG meetings if there were specific issues relevant to the IWG's 
work. 
 
19.  (SBU) Exon-Florio: Japan asked for an update on recent moves by 
the Congress to amend the Exon Florio amendment.  Embassy's 
Financial Attach reported that the House of Representatives passed 
the National Security Foreign Investment Reform and Strengthened 
Transparency Act of 2007 on February 28, 2007 by unanimous vote. 
The Senate plans to take up the bill soon.  As the legislative 
process continues, the Administration intended to work with the 
House and Senate to update the CFIUS process based upon the 
following principles: further integration of national and homeland 
security interests in a post 9/11 environment; continuing to welcome 
foreign investments in the United States; and preserving what works 
about CFIUS, while making improvements where needed and maintaining 
the integrity of the decision-making process.  The U.S. further 
noted that in addressing potential threats to our national security 
that may be posed by a specific transaction, the U.S. has taken 
great care to avoid unnecessary impediments to foreign investment. 
 
 
TOKYO 00001945  004 OF 005 
 
 
20. (SBU) Japan warmly welcomed the announcement and briefing by the 
Commerce's Office of Japan on the USG's new "Invest in America" 
Initiative. 
 
Future Program of Work 
---------------------- 
 
21.  (SBU)  The IWG agreed to complete its annual report to leaders 
in time for submission at the annual G-8 summit in June.  Japan 
requested that the report contain strong wording on both countries' 
continued commitment to promoting FDI and combating "investment 
protectionism."  The two sides also agreed to highlight the expert 
review of investment chapters and agreements in this year's report. 
 
22.  (U) METI announced that the next JETRO Investment Outreach 
Seminar for 2007 will be held in Osaka on September 12.  JETRO has 
invited the participation by a number of U.S. Governors who will be 
visiting Japan at that time to participate for the Japan-Midwest 
Governors Forum. 
 
23.  (SBU) The IWG agreed to continue its examination of investment 
climate in both countries by reaching out to the private sector 
starting with international business chambers in both countries. 
One possibly is to begin this process during the next scheduled 
visit of the U.S. IWG co-chair to Japan the end of May.  Another 
possibility is utilizing the November 2007 meeting of the U.S.-Japan 
Business Council in Washington.  USTR agreed to reach out to that 
agency's Investment Trade Advisory Committee (ITAC) to discuss ways 
the U.S. and Japan can effectively cooperate in promoting investment 
in multilateral economic fora.  The U.S. Embassy agreed to meet with 
the former head of the Industrial Reconstruction Corporation of 
Japan (IRCJ) to see if the IWG can learn from IRCJ's experience in 
promoting corporate restructuring and investment in distressed 
assets. 
 
Delegation Lists 
---------------- 
 
24.  (U) U.S. Participants: 
 
In Washington: 
Ambassador Michael Michalak, U.S. Senior Official for APEC, 
Department of State 
Mr. Eric Kennedy, Office of Japan, Department of Commerce 
Ms. Jessica Webster, Chief, Economic Unit, Office of Japanese 
Affairs, Department of State 
Mr. David Weiner, Office of Services and Investment, USTR 
Mr. Robert Winship, Economic Officer, Office of Japanese Affairs, 
Department of State. 
 
In Tokyo: 
 
Mr. Daniel Fantozzi, Economic Counselor, U.S. Embassy 
Mr. Christopher Wurzel, First Secretary, Economic Section 
Ms. Maureen Grewe, Financial Attach 
Mr. David DiGiovanna, First Secretary, Economic Section 
Mr. Robert Thommen, U.S. Customs and Border Protection Attach 
Mr. Marc Dillard, First Secretary, Economic Section 
Mr. Satoshi Hattori, Economic Specialist, U.S. Embassy 
Mr. Ritsu Yamashiro, Economic Specialist, U.S. Embassy 
 
25.  (U) Japanese Participants: 
 
In Tokyo: 
 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry: 
Mr. Noriyuki Mita, Director, Americas Division, Trade Policy Bureau 
 
Mr. Shinichi Kihara, Deputy-Director, Americas Division, Trade 
Policy Bureau 
Mr. Takeo Ijuin, Deputy-Director, Americas Division, Trade Policy 
Bureau 
Ms. Yuko Chikazoe, Chief, Americas Division, Trade Policy Bureau 
Mr. Kenji Goto, Director, Industrial Organization Division, Economic 
and Industrial Policy Bureau 
Mr. Masakazu Ichikawa, Director, Trade Finance and Economic 
Cooperation Division, Trade and Economic Cooperation Bureau 
Mr. Keiichi Kawakami, Director, Trade and Investment Facilitation 
Division, Trade and Economic Cooperation Bureau 
 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 
 
TOKYO 00001945  005 OF 005 
 
 
Mr. Junichi Takahashi, Second North America Division, 
North American Affairs Bureau 
 
Ministry of Justice: 
Mr. Shin Matsumoto, Attorney, Civil Affairs Bureau 
Mr. Tsuyoshi Shimizu, Attorney, Civil Affairs Bureau 
Mr. Takeshi Komatsu, Attorney, Civil Affairs Bureau 
 
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology: 
Mr. Kazuhiro Kotani, Deputy-Director, Higher Education Policy 
Planning Division, Higher Education Bureau 
Mr. Ryoei Chijiiwa, Unit Chief, Higher Education Policy Planning 
Division, Higher Education Bureau 
Ms. Akiko Tozawa, Official, Office of Director-General for 
International Affairs 
 
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare: 
Mr. Atsushi Kawai, Chief, Inspection Division, Labor Standards 
Bureau 
Ms. Kosaku Sano, Chief, Private Employment Service Division, 
Employment and Security Bureau 
Mr. Chiaki Miyazaki, Chief of Planning Section, Corporate Pension 
and National Pension Fund Division 
Mr. Tadaaki Hanatani, Assistant Director, International Affairs 
Division, Minister's Secretariat 
 
In Washington: 
 
Mr. Atsushi Taketani, Counselor, Embassy of Japan 
 
DONOVAN