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Viewing cable 07LIMA1878, CITES, CEDAR AND MAHOGANY IN PERU

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
07LIMA1878 2007-05-29 16:09 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Lima
VZCZCXYZ0000
RR RUEHWEB

DE RUEHPE #1878/01 1491609
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 291609Z MAY 07
FM AMEMBASSY LIMA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5615
INFO RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA 4689
RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 7359
RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 2897
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 0420
RUEHGE/AMEMBASSY GEORGETOWN 0525
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ MAY PARAMARIBO 0161
RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO 1235
RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 1298
RUEHRC/DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RUEHC/DEPT OF INTERIOR WASHINGTON DC
RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS
UNCLAS LIMA 001878 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
USEU FOR DCM MCKINLEY 
DEPT FOR WHA/AND, EPSC AND OES/ETC,ENV 
USTR FOR LINSCOTT AND BURR 
BRASILIA FOR ESTH HUB - J STORY 
USAID FOR LAC, EGAT, J.Kunen 
USDA FOR /AS/FAA/BAILEY,/FAS/ITP/FSTSD/BREHM,/FS/MAYHE W,DROTH 
INTERIOR FOR USFWS/GABRIEL,ST.JOHN 
 
E.O. 12958:  N/A 
TAGS: EAGR SENV ETRD EAID PE
SUBJECT: CITES, CEDAR AND MAHOGANY IN PERU 
 
REF: (A) STATE 51890 (B) Lima 1451 and previous 
 
1. (SBU) SUMMARY: Both of Peru's CITES management and scientific 
authorities for plant species concur that cedrela (cedar) species 
should remain on CITES Appendix III, allowing the GOP to manage 
trade without required export permits.  Management authority INRENA 
does track cedrela as it is logged.  Scientific Authority UNALM 
concurs but would like to see better management of cedrela species 
and a comprehensive inventory conducted. Experts concur that cedar 
in Peru has been inadequately studied.  There is a strong domestic 
market (unlike mahogany) as well as export market for Spanish Cedar 
and other cedar species in Peru. UNALM cannot easily integrate 
ongoing mahogany surveys to include cedar, as they are not found in 
the same areas.  A Cedar inventory would be a good project for the 
U.S./Peru Environmental Cooperation Agreement. END SUMMARY. 
 
2. (U) This cable responds to Ref A request for information on GOP 
views on Germany's proposal to include cedrela (deciduous cedar) 
species on Appendix II of CITES.  Although Ref A asked for the views 
of host country scientific authority, after email exchange with U.S. 
scientific/management authority Fish and Wildlife Service (USF&WS), 
ESTHoff met with Peru's separate management and scientific 
authorities and solicited opinion from NGOs involved in forestry 
issues.  The scientific authority representative was Dr. Ignacio 
Lombardi of the National Agrarian University (UNALM). For the 
management Authority, Natural Resources Institute (INRENA) Director 
Ignacio Angeles provided oral and written answers.  (Note: mahogany 
in this cable refers to broad-leaf mahogany, Swietenia macrophylla; 
positions by INRENA or UNALM refer to communications from Angeles or 
Lombardi.  End Note.) 
 
CONSERVATION STATUS OF CEDRELA SPECIES 
-------------------------------------- 
3. (U) Both INRENA and UNALM agreed that cedar species have been 
inadequately studied in Peru.  Mahogany has been studied much more. 
Among the cedar species, Spanish Cedar (Cedrela odorata) has been 
studied the most.  INRENA and UNALM do not have any scientific 
studies or population inventories for the cedrela species, and in 
fact any sort of information is scarce.  UNALM notes that anecdotal 
field studies have noted that mahogany and cedrela species are not 
found near each other, and so current mahogany inventory efforts are 
not able to simultaneously note cedrela populations with any 
accuracy. 
4. (U) UNALM confirms five known genus cedrela species occurring in 
Peru, with the possibility that others exist (Peruvian Spanish 
language common names in parentheses): 
- C. fissilis Vell. (Cedro el bajo, cedro de agua, cedro); - C. 
odorata (cedro); 
- C. lilloi Hars (cedro de altura, atoc cedro) 
- C montana Moritz ex Turczaninnov (cedro de altura, cedro) (UNALM 
agrees with Reynel 2006 publication that population is probably 
threatened) 
- C. Weberbaueri Hams (cedro) (UNALM agrees with Reynel 2006 
publication that population is probably very threatened) 
 
5. (U) INRENA explains that exports of C. odorata increased from 
2004 to 2006, probably due to "restrictions" in mahogany exports 
connected with the mahogany CITES Appendix II listing.   As a result 
of the World Conservation Union's (IUCN) listing of C. odorata as a 
vulnerable species, the GOP also classified it as a vulnerable 
species for which INRENA should pay special attention, in Supreme 
(Presidential) Decree 043-2006-AG, in 2006, following also Peru's 
voluntary inclusion of C. odorata in CITES Appendix III in 2001. 
 
HARVEST/INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPACTS 
----------------------------------- 
6. (U) C. odorata is the species most impacted by harvest and 
international trade, because in part of the preference by Peruvian 
consumers and wood workers for it that has generated a substantial 
(and untracked) domestic market. The similarity of the cedrela 
species makes them somewhat interchangeable in domestic and 
international markets.   Quotas in mahogany export (GOP actions in 
response to the Appendix II listing and concerns over mahogany 
populations) have led to increased C. odorata exports.  Harvest is 
generally of wild trees, with virtually no cedar plantations. 
 
7. (SBU) INRENA said that concerns over cedrela species have lead 
inclusion of cedrela species in the general forest management 
system.  The 2000 General Forestry law sets out requirements for 
forest management plans for concessionaires and native populations; 
verifications of inventories of cedrela species occur (or are 
supposed to) alongside mahogany before and after timber harvests. 
 
8.  (U) INRENA notes that listings of cedrela found and taken are 
contained in the records for the 624,251 hectares to date of 
voluntary forest certification.  (Note: using Forest Stewardship 
Council processes, supported in Peru by World Wildlife Fund and 
USAID programs. End Note.)(Note: this leaves, however, many 
thousands of hectares that are not part of certification programs 
for which there is no reliable information on cedrela harvests.  End 
Note.) UNALM notes that verifications of non-certified concessions 
are frequently not done on time (that is, starting before harvest to 
get an accurate population count) and that INRENA has not 
sufficiently shared results of verifications with UNALM. 
 
VOLUMES EXPORTED FROM PERU 
-------------------------- 
9. (U) INRENA's figures for cedrela species' exports from 2002 - 
2006 state 131,900.52 cubic meters (m3), equivalent to approximately 
18,843 trees, using the formula seven m3 per tree. By year: 
2000   5550.18 
2001   2988.82 
2002   8760.96 
2003 11,588.04 
2004 29,390.88 
2005 29,163.48 
2006 36,538.47 
UNALM notes the general trend of increase as worrisome. 
 
10. (U) (Note: Several factors make precision difficult. A number of 
woods are commonly called cedar (cedro in Spanish), including 
species that are not cedrela but are similar from the point of view 
of woodworkers. The other similar species are hard to distinguish 
from cedrela species.  Export authorities (GOP customs agents) have 
little training in distinguishing tree species and it is commonly 
thought by GOP and NGO observers that export allocations by species 
are not accurate. Finally, while INRENA lists species through its 
forest management system, the GOP customs agency SUNAT does not 
appear to publish systematic exports of wood by species, aside from 
mahogany for which there are international obligations through CITES 
to track.) 
 
PARTS/PRODUCTS EXPORTED FROM PERU 
--------------------------------- 
11. (U) Peru's Appendix II listing includes logs, lumber and 
laminates.  Export permits are given for lumber and laminates; 
export of trees or logs are not permitted. The vast majority of 
cedrela exports are lumber. 
 
PERU OPPOSES CEDRELA IN APPENDIX II 
----------------------------------- 
12. (SBU) Management Authority (INRENA) chief Roberto Angeles said 
that Peru's position is to maintain cedrela species on Appendix III, 
opposing the proposal to move cedrela to Appendix II.  The GOP would 
like to continue to manage the cedrela without additional external 
requirements.  UNALM's Lombardi concurred, although he said that he 
would like to see more tracking of internal trade in cedar species 
as well as a comprehensive inventory.  Neither thought that an 
annotation should involve only certain parts or products.  INRENA 
noted that in general Peru is in the midst of many measures to 
assure sustainable forest management, in particular voluntary forest 
certification and measures against illegal logging. Cedrela species 
are an integral part of forest management initiatives. 
 
13. (U) ESTHoff is emailing primary documents from scientific and 
management authorities to U.S. scientific/management authority 
(USF&WS), and will email NGO information as received.  For further 
information contact Hal Howard, howardhh@state.gov. 
 
COMMENT 
------- 
14. (SBU) Both UNALM and INRENA (as well as other GOP and NGO 
observers) noted that part of the problem with the illegal logging 
that threatens cedrela as well as mahogany is the prevalence of 
exporting only raw products, mainly lumber.  Helping to develop a 
furniture export industry in Peru would be one way to involve more 
Peruvians in the market chain for cedrela, as well as decrease the 
anonymity and difficulty in assuring a chain of custody with lumber. 
 In any event, Post is well aware that forestry conservation and 
sustainable development for residents of the forests will need to 
include cedrela species as well as mahogany, and we take this into 
account when cooperating with Peru using USAID, USDA and other 
mission programs.  If funds are appropriated for a work plan 
associated with the Peru/U.S. Environmental Cooperation Agreement, 
cedrela could be included in forestry programs. 
STRUBLE