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Viewing cable 07CAIRO1283, EGYPT LABOR UPDATE: GOE SHUTS DOWN LABOR NGO,
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| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07CAIRO1283 | 2007-05-02 14:05 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Cairo |
VZCZCXRO3282
PP RUEHBC RUEHDE RUEHHM RUEHJO RUEHKUK RUEHPOD RUEHROV
DE RUEHEG #1283/01 1221405
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 021405Z MAY 07
FM AMEMBASSY CAIRO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 4979
INFO RUEHEE/ARAB LEAGUE COLLECTIVE
RUEHXI/LABOR COLLECTIVE
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHDC
RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 CAIRO 001283
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
STATE FOR NEA/ELA
STATE ALSO FOR DRL/IL (ANZALDUA)
LABOR FOR ILAB
NSC FOR WATERS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ELAB PGOV ECON PHUM KDEM EG
SUBJECT: EGYPT LABOR UPDATE: GOE SHUTS DOWN LABOR NGO,
STRIKES PERSIST
REF: A. CAIRO 721
¶B. CAIRO 356
¶C. 06 CAIRO 7256
¶D. 06 CAIRO 6799
Sensitive but unclasssified. Please protect accordingly.
-------
Summary
-------
¶1. (SBU) The GOE's closure of the Center for Trade Union and
Workers Services (CTUWS), combined with recent public
statements, may indicate its tolerance of ongoing wildcat
strikes is eroding. Some public sector brickworks employees,
dairy workers, textile workers, and garbage men are currently
involved in protests or strike action. Disgruntled flour
mill workers in Cairo and Giza held off on strike action in
late March - early April, but their stop-gap agreement with
the GOE will expire in June. One labor activist used a
recent Ibn Khaldun Center conference to announce the
formation of a "free" (and illegal) parallel labor union,
although the move lacks credibility and grass-roots support.
President Mubarak said in his May Day speech that Egypt would
push forward with democratization and economic
liberalization, and would seek economic growth through
greater investment, industrial development, and restructuring
of public companies. End summary.
---------------------------------
GOE Shuts Down Labor Rights Group
---------------------------------
¶2. (SBU) On April 25, Egyptian State Security officers closed
the headquarters of labor rights group the Center for Trade
Union and Worker Services (CTUWS) in Helwan, an industrial
city just south of Cairo, after the Ministry of Social
Solidarity accused the organization of inciting labor unrest
throughout the country and for failing to register as an
association. The closure of the CTUWS headquarters followed
the closing of two of CTUWS' branch offices in recent weeks.
¶3. (SBU) Labor activist contacts have told us that they
believe the GOE is shuttering CTUWS as punishment for its
role in advising striking workers of their legal rights and
previous GOE promises regarding pay and bonuses, and for its
role in exposing widespread irregularities in 2006's labor
union elections (ref C). The Minister of Manpower Aisha
Abdel Hady and Egyptian Trade Union Federation (ETUF) head
Hussein Megawer have both stated publicly that CTUWS has been
responsible for inciting recent unrest. CTUWS head Kamal
Abbas, however, has said the GOE is trying to use him as a
scapegoat for the series of strikes that have hit Egypt over
the past several months. Contacts have also told us that
CTUWS found itself in the middle of a tussle between Abdel
Hady and Minister of Investment Mahmoud Mohieldin over the
latter's use of CTUWS to help negotiate settlements with
striking workers this past December, a plan Abdel Hady did
not endorse.
¶4. (SBU) Human Rights Watch (HRW) immediately condemned the
closure, and called on the GOE to reverse its closure order
and cease harassment of the organization. Press releases
quoted HRW's Middle East director Leah Whitson as saying
"closing the offices of a labor rights group won't end labor
unrest" and that the GOE "should be upholding legal
commitments to Egyptian workers instead of seeking a
scapegoat." Amnesty International (AI) condemned the
closures in an April 26 press release, saying that the move
will impede Egyptian workers from accessing information and
advice about labor rights. Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (MB)
Deputy Head Dr. Mohamed Habib also publicly denounced the
closures, and called on the GOE to respect the rights of
workers. The Brussels-based International Trade Union
Confederation (ITUC) announced its solidarity with CTUWS, and
said it has sent a letter to President Mubarak urging him to
instruct relevant GOE departments to rescind restrictions on
CTUWS activities. Thirty-seven Egyptian civil society
organizations also issued a joint denunciation, saying the
GOE's actions contradict its promises on democratic reform.
¶5. (SBU) The closure of the Helwan headquarters followed the
CAIRO 00001283 002 OF 004
March 29 closure of the Naj Hammadi office in Qena
Governorate (south of Cairo) and the Mahalla el Kubra office
(Nile Delta region) on April 10. According to eyewitnesses,
several hundred security personnel enforced the office
closures, and police trucks remain stationed near the closed
offices. Despite protests and sit-ins organized by workers
in support of CTUWS, the closures did not spark any known
outbreaks of violence.
¶6. (SBU) Citing a failure of the official unions in
supporting worker rights in a democratic manner, labor
activists established CTUWS in 1990, vowing to provide direct
support and services to workers disregarded by the union
structure and to develop the labor movement by strengthening
its capabilities. CTUWS is registered as a civil company.
According to CTUWS, it attempted in 2003-2004 to register as
an association (i.e., as a non-governmental organization with
Egypt's Ministry of Social Solidarity), but was denied due to
legal prohibitions against associations engaging in trade
union activities.
----------------------------
Birth of a Free Labor Union?
----------------------------
¶7. (SBU) On April 24, Saad Eddin Ibrahim's Ibn Khaldun Center
hosted a gathering of trade unionists and labor activists to
discuss the ongoing strikes and the issue of free and
democratic labor unions. Emboff attended the event and noted
perhaps only 20 persons in attendance -- much less than the
40-50 that normally would attend similar events at the
Center. During the meeting, labor activists, in response to
recent press pieces, refuted statements by the Communist
Party that it had a role in organizing the ongoing strikes,
chalking it up to opportunism on their part. Local press
quoted event organizer Ahmed Abdallah as saying that "most
workers had never heard of (communist leader) El
Alim...before he made his statements claiming responsibility
for the strikes."
¶8. (SBU) Grabbing the headlines, however, were comments by
self-styled labor organizer and activist for the El Geel
("The Generation") Democratic Party, Ali El Badry.
Denouncing the Mubarak government and Minister of Manpower
Abdel Hady in particular, a visibly animated El Badry cried
at the conclusion of his remarks that "Aisha, you will pay
the price!" for neglecting Egypt's workers. El Badry's main
announcement, however, was his intention to form a "free
union" operating parallel to the sole legal trade union
federation ETUF. (Comment: Such a move would contravene
Egyptian law. End comment) El Badry said he was already in
the process of recruiting membership and that he would unveil
his plan during May 1 protests in Cairo's Tahrir Square and
several provincial capitals.
¶9. (SBU) Emboff and Labor FSN had previously met with El
Badry on April 7, at the urging of Saad Eddin Ibrahim, to
discuss his plans. (Comment: Based on that meeting, post has
serious doubts about the seriousness and credibility of El
Badry and his "free union" movement. Additional details to
be reported septel. End comment.) El Badry, who also said
he was looking for USG financial support for his activities,
demurred when queried about current membership in his nascent
organization, saying "a couple of thousand" had signed up but
he was not sure at to precisely how many. El Badry presented
us with a copy of his manifesto and the membership form that
was being distributed "under the table" to prospective
members.
¶10. (SBU) Local observers, including influential leftist
blogger Hossam el Hamalawy, consider El Badry's purported
movement as lacking in grass-roots support and unable to
mobilize enough workers to generate anything more than
symbolic protest. El Hamalawy also criticized the planned
top-down evolution of El Badry's "free union," stating that
"free and parallel associations cannot parachute in from
above" with the expectation that workers to flock to the
cause. He argues that any parallel movement must be grown
from the factory level with the eventual goal of establishing
a national structure.
--------------------
CAIRO 00001283 003 OF 004
Labor Unrest Ongoing
--------------------
¶11. (SBU) With the major strikes of late 2006 and early 2007
having set the precedent of GOE acquiescence to pay and bonus
demands (Refs A - C), sit-ins and wildcat strikes in Egypt's
public sector companies, although smaller than those reported
in reftels, are ongoing. Workers in publicly-owned companies
as diverse as the Egyptian Company for Dairy Products and the
Arab Sand Brick Company have begun sit-in and strike actions
in recent weeks to protest anticipated layoffs and demand
previously-promised bonuses. Textile worker strikes,
although much smaller than the large ones of this past
winter, have occurred in recent weeks in Alexandria and the
Nile Delta region. Garbage collectors in Giza are involved
in an ongoing strike over unpaid salaries, and press reports
indicate six of them were arrested on April 29 on charges of
illegal assembly. Workers from the giant Ghazl El Mehalla
textile factory (reftels) are also continuing their push to
have their local union leadership impeached, and were
recently denied permission to conduct a public protest in
Cairo.
¶12. (SBU) Minister Abdel Hady has been quoted on local
television as having said "the situation has gone on long
enough," warning that "there are those who want to ignite a
revolution." During an April 30 interview with Nile TV News,
Abdel Hady said that while sit-ins, protests, etc. have their
place, workers should go though "all legal channels" before
resorting to strike action. (Note: As per reftel, any strikes
not approved by the national union structure, i.e. all of
them in recent months, are considered illegal. End note.)
Abdel Hady also accused "certain newspapers and satellite
channels" (NFI) of pushing the workers toward strike actions.
¶13. (SBU) In late March and early April, over 5,000 workers
at the North Cairo, South Cairo, and Giza flour mills held
sit-ins andmarches inside the factories to protest a move by
the Ministry of Social Solidarity to reduce the dily wheat
quota allocated to each of the mills. The workers argued
that this reduction would hav severely reduced workers'
bonuses and annual proit shares, which are tied to
production. The wokers also argued that the reduction was
part of GOE plan to phase out the mills and shift breadproduction to the private sector. Strikes -- and potential
bread crisis in Cairo and Giza -- wereaverted when the
Ministers of Social Solidarity,Manpower, and Investment
agreed to freeze the reuctions until June 2007. Mill
workers are hopin for a permanent settlement prior to June,
but wll re-evaluate their strike options should one not e
reached.
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Mubaraks May Day Speech
------------------------
14.(SBU) Mubarak delivered his annual May Day speech n
April 29 at ETUF headquarters in Cairo. Mubark focused his
speech on GOE efforts to promote ecnomic growth, and thus
employment, through attrating FDI, increasing the industrial
base, and retructuring public sector companies. He said
refrm at all levels will proceed, including democratiation
and economic liberalization. The "lower inome categories"
of society would be protected though increased public sector
wages, increased apropriations to the Ministry of Social
Solidarityand through better-targeted subsidies. Only
addressing the recent labor unrest in general terms, Mubarak
acknowledged that some protests are "a natural consequence"
of reform, but the Egyptian President implored workers with
grievances to follow legal channels. Mubarak also called for
coordination between the Ministry of Manpower and other
government departments in addressing labor issues and called
for a stronger relationship between the government,
Federation of Industries, chambers of commerce, and the labor
unions.
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Comment
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¶15. (SBU) Public comments by GOE officials, in addition to
CAIRO 00001283 004 OF 004
more stringent interventions by security services, indicate
growing GOE impatience for the ongoing labor unrest. By
raising in the media the specter of labor provocateurs, the
GOE may be seeking to deflect public attention, but it will
do little to resolve the real grievances of workers over pay
and working conditions. In the background of all of these
public sector strikes is a fear of privatization. Mubarak
seemed to acknowledge this in his speech, noting that some
labor protests "are a natural consequence of reform."
¶16. (SBU) While we do not feel El Badry's "free union"
movement has any credibility, potential leaders of future
labor structures may be emerging. Mohammed El Attar, a
shop-floor leader of the massive December 2006 textile worker
strikes in Mehalla El Kubra, and the leader of the drive to
impeach GOE-approved textile union leadership, has emerged as
mouthpiece for public sector workers' grievances. We will
closely monitor any emergence of potential leadership of a
parallel labor movement.
RICCIARDONE