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Viewing cable 07TOKYO617, JANUARY 25-26, 2007 ASTOP IV MEETING
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| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07TOKYO617 | 2007-02-13 06:41 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Tokyo |
VZCZCXYZ0005
RR RUEHWEB
DE RUEHKO #0617/01 0440641
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 130641Z FEB 07
FM AMEMBASSY TOKYO
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 0604
UNCLAS TOKYO 000617
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PARM JA ENRG
SUBJECT: JANUARY 25-26, 2007 ASTOP IV MEETING
¶1. SUMMARY: On January 25-26, 2007, the Japanese Ministry of
Foreign Affairs hosted the Fourth Asian Senior-Level Talks on
Non-Proliferation (ASTOP IV) in Tokyo. Senior-level
government officials in charge of non-proliferation policies
from the ASEAN member countries (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam), Australia, China, Republic of Korea, the
United States and Japan attended the meeting. In addition,
ASTOP IV marked the initial participation of both New Zealand
and Canada. The first day of meetings focused on the IAEA
Additional Protocol, United Nations Security Council
Resolutions (UNSCR) concerning North Korea and Iran, the
Six-Party Talks, nuclear fuel supply assurances, and export
control systems. The second day was devoted to a discussion
on the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) and a mock
table-top exercise. China did not attend the PSI portion of
the meeting. END SUMMARY.
---------------
OPENING SESSION
---------------
¶2. Senior Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs Katsuhito Asano's
opening speech urged ASTOP member countries to act in concert
and implement UNSCR 1718. Asano felt strongly that last
year's missile launch and nuclear test by North Korea not
only put peace and security in the Asia region in jeopardy
but also threatened the entire world. Therefore he called on
all countries to collectively work together to strengthen the
non-proliferation regime. Asano expressed his hope that the
Six-Party Talks will resume soon in an effort to get North
Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons and existing nuclear
programs. He also stated that humanitarian concerns must be
addressed, namely the abduction issue. In Asano's final
comments, he expressed gratitude to United Nations
Under-Secretary for Disarmament Nobuaki Tanaka for his role
in helping to realize UNSCR 1718. In MOFA's Disarmament,
Non-Proliferation and Science Director-General Takeshi
Nakane's opening remarks, he stated that the ASTOP's purpose
is to strengthen the non-proliferation regime and promote
better understanding of each country's responsibilities to
achieve security.
-------------------------------------------
Universalization of the Additional Protocol
-------------------------------------------
¶3. After opening remarks, the conference took up the first
agenda item on universalization of the Additional Protocol
(AP). Having signed the AP in 2005 and currently undergoing
the process of ratification, Thailand and Singapore presented
first. Thailand reviewed its long and still continuing
process toward AP accession, which requires revision of
relevant domestic legislation prior to AP accession.
Thailand highlighted the difficulties of educating GOT
agencies on the meaning of the AP and of assessing and
adjusting its internal procedures to carry out AP
obligations. It also noted that it was amending its 1961
Atomic Energy for Peace Act so that penalties are in line
with international standards. Currently a violator would be
fined only $100. Thailand expects a draft revision to be
completed by next month. Singapore stated that it is now
putting in place the necessary measures to ratify the AP and
drew attention to the successful November 2006 visit of an
IAEA team to advise GOS agencies on AP implementation.
Vietnam noted that its president had decided in November 2006
to sign the AP and that the GOV is currently drafting
legislation on civilian uses of nuclear energy. Vietnam
requested support in training officials, preparing
legislation, and capacity-building for enforcement of WMD
measures. Malaysia noted it views non-proliferation in the
context of disarmament and expressed its disappointment in
the lack of disarmament progress. It also noted that it was
still in the process of drafting export control legislation.
¶4. Indonesia noted it is developing a master plan for its
first nuclear reactor, scheduled for completion in 2011.
Indonesia argued that as the AP is voluntary, it should not
be used as a precondition for IAEA cooperation on civilian
uses of nuclear energy. Indonesia pointed out that only 78
states had ratified the AP and urged the United States and
Russia to ratify as a clear example to others. The U.S. side
apprised the group that the U.S. had signed the AP in 1998;
the Senate provided its advice and consent in March 2004; and
the Congress passed necessary legislation in December 2006.
The USG is currently developing the regulations necessary to
implement the legislation. Australia presented a detailed
paper on its experience in signing and ratifying the AP.
Australia also highlighted its May 2005 announcement that it
would make the AP a pre-condition for supply of uranium to
non-nuclear weapon states. South Korea, noting its accession
to the AP and its position as a leader in the peaceful use of
nuclear energy, added that it has also made AP adoption a
pre-condition for nuclear supply. The Philippines regretted
that although it had signed the AP in 1997, the AP is one of
over 30 international treaties or agreements awaiting
ratification due to disagreement between its executive and
legislative branches. Cambodia noted that the biggest
obstacle to adoption of the AP is the lack of awareness and
understanding among domestic agencies, and requested
assistance in capacity-building.
--------------------------------------------- ---
U.S. Statement on Nuclear Fuel Supply Assurances
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶5. Opening the next agenda item on assurance of nuclear fuel
supply, the U.S. side called attention to President Bush's
February 2004 speech urging suppliers to provide reliable
access to nuclear fuel at reasonable cost for civilian
reactors in States renouncing interest in enrichment and
reprocessing. Recognizing the sensitivity of the subject,
which could be perceived as restricting access of
NPT-compliant states to peaceful nuclear technology or
limiting access to the full fuel cycle to a handful of
states, the U.S. stressed the need for vigilance regarding
transfers of sensitive enrichment and reprocessing
technology. Since the existing commercial nuclear fuel market
is working well, the objective in developing fuel supply
assurances is not to solve an existing supply problem;
rather, it is to provide a mechanism to address possible
future supply problems with sufficient certainty that
recipient states can avoid devoting substantial resources to
the indigenous development of enrichment and reprocessing
capabilities, the U.S. side underscored. This back-up
mechanism could include the establishment of a multilateral
mechanism at the IAEA, coordination among enriched uranium
commercial suppliers to back each other up, establishment of
enriched uranium reserves, and creation of an international
center or centers to provide uranium enrichment services.
¶6. In response to the USG presentation, Japan took the
opportunity to circulate again its "IAEA Standby Arrangements
System" proposal, previously distributed at the September
19-21, 2006 50th IAEA General Conference Special Event, which
supports the IAEA multilateral mechanism but seeks to broaden
it by taking into account not only uranium enrichment, but
all major front-end fuel cycle activities: uranium supply,
storage, conversion, enrichment, and fuel fabrication.
Australia (Note: Holder of 40 percent of the world's low-cost
uranium reserves and the world's second largest uranium
producer. End note.) stated its policy of making the supply
of uranium contingent upon completion of bilateral agreements
stipulating nonproliferation guarantees. Australia expressed
its hope that the IAEA Secretariat analysis now in progress
will address as-yet unexplored fundamental questions, such as
any new mechanism's impact on national supply policies, the
existing uranium market, and legitimate national fuel cycle
choices. Canada, the world's largest supplier of uranium,
noted that its position was broadly consistent with
Australia's, that it was open-minded with respect to a new
mechanism, and that it recognized the central role of the
IAEA in reviewing the merits of current proposals. However,
Canada noted that a business case would have to be made as to
why there is a need for the nuclear fuel assurances system.
--------------------------
Global Initiative Briefing
--------------------------
¶7. The U.S. side provided a briefing on the Global Initiative
to Combat Nuclear Terrorism. The briefing described the
genesis of the initiative from the joint announcement by
President Bush and President Putin on July 15, 2006, traced
its development through the adoption of its Statement of
Principles and Terms of Reference adopted in Morocco in
October 2006. The U.S. side reviewed the Statement of
Principles upon which the initiative is based: improved
accounting and control of nuclear materials, enhancement of
security at civilian facilities, detection of illicit
trafficking, improving confiscation and safe control
capabilities for illegally possessed materials, prevention of
safe havens for terrorists and their resources, ensuring
adequate regulatory frameworks with criminal and civil
penalties, improved capabilities for consequence management
following terrorist nuclear attack, and promotion of
information sharing. The U.S. side urged attendees which are
partners to provide leadership in gaining additional partners
and urged non-partner attendees to consider the benefits of
becoming partners. Such partnership will provide the
opportunity to participate in expert-level activities planned
for 2007-2008.
¶8. Canada stated that GI is intended to help countries
collectively implement their obligations under a variety of
multilateral agreements combating terrorism. Stressing the
voluntary nature of the program and the ability to tailor
participation to individual needs, Canada urged all countries
to consider joining. Australia noted that it would be
holding a seminar on GI on May 17-18, 2007, and invited all
countries to attend in order to deepen understanding of GI
before committing. Indonesia questioned the need for GI in
light of the 13 UN conventions and protocols on
counter-terrorism and United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1540, and expressed concern over the proliferation
of initiatives. Indonesia argued with work yet not completed
on implementation of UNSCR 1540, GI is an added burden.
--------------------------------------------- ----
Japan's Efforts for Strengthening Nuclear Security
--------------------------------------------- ----
¶9. Japan provided a brief overview on its approach to nuclear
security and counter-terrorism mechanisms. In an effort to
enhance national counterterrorism measures, Japan asserted
that it has become party to all 12 counter-terrorism
conventions and protocols. Currently, it is working to
implement additional international instruments, such as, the
International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of
Nuclear Terrorism and the Amendment on the Convention on the
Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. Japan is also
enhancing counterterrorism through promotion of international
cooperation, such as actively contributing to the Global
Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism. On the nuclear
security front, sustained and comprehensive efforts to expand
the framework includes the introduction of the Design Basis
Threat. Government officials are in close cooperation with
National Security Authorities to provide nuclear
installations with round-the-clock security guards by the
Riot Police Unit (anti-firearms squads) and by Japan Coast
Guard patrol boats. Customs is also playing a major role by
actively installing sophisticated equipment to detect nuclear
and other radioactive materials. In May 2005, Japan amended
its law for "regulation of nuclear source material, nuclear
fuel material and reactors." The changes in the law mainly
focused on physical protection inspection and physical
protection information confidentiality and penalties.
--------------------------------------------- -------
China's Summary of the Status of the Six-Party Talks
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶10. Moving to regional non-proliferation issues, China's
representative Ambassador Hu Xiaodi of the Arms Control and
Disarmament Department, presented a paper on the current
status of the Six-Party Talks on North Korea. China asserted
that the second phase of the fifth round of the Talks, held
in Beijing in December 2006, proved useful, with all sides
reaffirming the spirit of the Joint Statement on September
19, 2005 through dialogue. Acknowledging that wide
differences still exist between North Korea and the USG,
China suggested that the most important events of the
December meetings were the frequent contacts between the DPRK
and U.S., including the two discussions between financial
experts from the two sides, which had never occurred in
previous rounds of the Talks. China disputed the view that
the sanctions required by UNSCR 1718 would alone be
sufficient to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue.
Ambassador Hu argued that the resolution should be part of a
comprehensive solution that included the Six-Party Talks.
Finally, China hailed the January 16-18, 2007 bilateral talks
in Berlin between North Korea and the USG as a positive
development and expressed the hope that they would lead to
the early resumption of, and substantive progress in, the
Six-Party Talks.
¶11. In response during the later open floor session, South
Korea took notice of the positive developments in Berlin and
expressed hope for continued momentum for the implementation
of the September 19 Joint Statement. South Korea noted that
it submitted its national report to the 1718 Committee and on
January 12, 2007 submitted a report on domestic measures to
prevent the export of luxury goods to North Korea. Indonesia
noted its agreement with China that sanctions are not the
main point of 1718 and called on all parties to find a
diplomatic solution. Australia urged the group not to forget
that North Korea had exploded a nuclear weapon on October 9,
clearly showing the threat of WMD to the Asian region. The
North Korean return to the Six-Party Talks was "nice, but
insufficient" and full and effective implementation of UNSCR
1718 must continue. Australia encouraged focused attention on
the cargo inspection provision of UNSCR 1718, consistent with
international law, and called for targeted inspections of
suspect shipments. Burma stated its belief that the actions
of North Korea have undermined the NPT, but noted the need to
address nonproliferation and disarmament with the same
urgency. Burma,s representative stated that the Foreign
Minister was heading an interagency committee in drafting a
report to the 1718 Committee. Burma noted that all Government
ministries and the central bank were involved in the drafting
process.
------------------------
USG Presentation on Iran
------------------------
¶12. The U.S. side presented an update on recent developments
with respect to Iran by noting that Iran has refused to
suspend its uranium enrichment, reprocessing, and heavy-water
related activities and has failed to comply with UNSCRs 1696
and 1737. Pointing out that in December 2006 the UN Security
Council had unanimously adopted Resolution 1737, imposing
sanctions on Iran as a result of Iran's refusal to comply
with UNSCR 1696 and of long-standing IAEA safeguards
noncompliance, the U.S. side reviewed the specific UNSCR 1737
measures intended to prevent Iran from moving forward with
its proliferation-sensitive nuclear activities and nuclear
weapons-capable delivery systems. The U.S. side highlighted
steps the USG has taken to implement its obligations under
UNSCR 1737 and called on all member states to follow through
on their obligations under the Chapter 7 UN Resolutions.
¶13. In response, Indonesia encouraged the P5 1 to take
measures to try to engage Iran and queried the U.S. whether
any steps pursuant to UNSCR 1737 Paragraph 21 had been taken
on engagement of Iran. The U.S. side responded by reiterating
Secretary Rice's statement that the USG remains open to the
SIPDIS
P5 1 diplomatic approach but stressed that Iran must cease
enrichment efforts as a precondition. South Korea expressed
its wishes that Iran not take any further aggravating
measures and stated that the ROK will fully implement UNSCR
¶1737. In preparation, South Korea will hold an interagency
meeting next week in order to prepare the 1737 report.
--------------------------------------------- ---
UN U/S Tanaka Report on Implementation of UNSCRs
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶14. UN Under-Secretary for Disarmament Affairs Nobuaki Tanaka
presented on the next agenda item of UNSCR implementation.
Opening with the declaration that 2006 was a year of
milestone UNSCR resolutions to curb WMD proliferation, Tanaka
focused his remarks on resolutions 1540 and 1673 aimed at the
long-term goals of strengthening national capacities and
enhancing international cooperation to combat proliferation.
Tanaka offered the view that the adoption of all recent
non-proliferation resolutions by the UNSC, rather than by the
UN General Assembly, reflected the preference of the Security
Council nations to persuade only 15 nations instead of 192
and then make the decisions mandatory under Chapter 7 for all
member states. Tanaka pointed out that while certainly the
easier path, this approach might leave UN Member States
outside the UNSC "less inclined to implement vigorously and
aggressively the measures adopted by the Council."
¶15. Tanaka stated that UNSCRs 1540 and 1673 obligated all
states to take legislative and administrative action to put
in place national regulatory measures on non-proliferation,
but implementation remains a national responsibility. Some
countries are facing difficulties in addressing the initial
requirements of 1540 due to a lack of administrative and
technical ability. To underscore this point, Tanaka cited the
widely varying regional rates at which member states have
submitted first national reports to the 1540 Committee. In
particular, the Pacific Islands are facing the greatest
challenges, with only 25% of states having submitted first
reports. Tanaka stressed that states lacking the necessary
legal and regulatory infrastructure, or capacity and
resources, may require assistance in implementing the
provisions of UNSCR 1540.
¶16. The U.S. side stated that the USG, Singapore and Canada
are co-hosting an ASEAN Regional Forum Workshop on UNSCR 1540
Implementation on February 13-15, 2007 in San Francisco and
encouraged all interested parties to attend. New Zealand
noted that the Pacific Island under-reporting was not due to
a distaste for the process, but rather to a lack of capacity
for performance. As a result, New Zealand was engaged in an
18-month program to reach out to South Pacific nations and
offer to write or help to write the 1540 and other UNSCR
reports. New Zealand argued that model lists of proscribed
items and technologies would be useful for smaller countries
with capacity limitations. Vietnam, though having completed
the 1540 and 1718 reports, noted its own shortage of human
and technical resources and appealed to the UN to look
carefully at these issues.
--------------------------------------------- -----
Mechanism for Strengthened Domestic Implementation
--------------------------------------------- -----
¶17. Singapore, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Philippines,
Cambodia, and Japan provided brief outlines of their domestic
export control systems and nonproliferation measures, as well
as outreach efforts. Singapore described its 3-Tier licensing
scheme, set to take effect in January 2008. Philippines
outlined its efforts at drafting comprehensive harmonized
export control legislation and requested capacity building
assistance for model legislation and training of key officers
in the export control process. Cambodia noted that
ratification of international commitments was easy, but
implementation was the most important aspect of
nonproliferation. Cambodia is currently developing a draft
counter-terrorism law and working on standing a national
authority for export controls. Australia noted it had gaps in
its export controls, for example on intangible technology
transfers and brokering for conventional weapons. Australia
announced it was planning on co-hosting with South Korea a
seminar on brokering controls in late March/early April and
asked for technical experts to present. South Korea noted
that it was testing software for use by small and medium
sized enterprises (SMEs) for regulation of strategic trade.
Currently 100 SMEs are involved, and if successful, the ROK
will share the software with other countries.
-----------------
PSI Mock Exercise
-----------------
¶18. On the last day of the ASTOP meeting, MOFA put together a
PSI mock table-top exercise for participants. The purpose of
the exercise was to increase understanding about what types
of operations are needed and what elements need to be
considered in dealing with proliferation cases, with
particular emphasis on: (1) relevant government agencies,
their roles, relevant domestic laws and regulations; (2)
relevant international law/norms; (3) types of
coordination/cooperation with other countries and (4)
applicable domestic legislation. China was the only country
not to participate in the PSI portion of ASTOP. The exercise
scenario attempted to draw out responses from states about
how their individual governments might react to a real time
interdiction scenario. The more experienced PSI states
provided insight into their interagency processes as a means
for stimulating thought and openness for those states less
experienced in reacting to potential interdiction scenarios.
The exercise was useful in creating an awareness of the need
for each state to communicate with its various agencies,
including law enforcement, to ensure effective coordination
of interdiction actions.
¶19. In discussions before the exercise, participating nations
raised a number of questions and issues. The Philippines
noted domestic legal concerns over interdiction in
territorial or high seas, and the lack of a clearly defined
international norm for interdiction. The Philippines, Brunei,
Cambodia, and Burma all expressed support in principle of
PSI, but raised concerns over capacity to perform operations
and difficulties in harmonizing national authorities in order
to implement. (Comment: On the margins, Foley inquired of
Brunei,s representative whether they understood the
condition that their attendance at the Warsaw PSI High Level
Political Meeting in June 2006 would be considered as
endorsement of the Statement of Interdiction Principles.
Replying in the affirmative, she stated that her leadership
had reconsidered their position and were not yet ready to
fully endorse the principles. End comment.) The Philippines
stressed the importance of protecting shipfarer rights.
South Korea reiterated its support in purpose and principle,
but that the scope of its participation was discretionary.
During the exercise, participants discussed a number of
issues, including the legal authorities used for enforcement
activities; who is liable for delays due to inspections or
boardings; whether a country is obligated to act upon
information or requests from foreign partners; what are the
intergovernmental and interagency processes and channels used
to communicate information and requests; and how PSI
activities can comply with domestic legislation and
international law.
¶20. Please contact Tokyo ESToffs Ayanna Hobbs on
HobbsA@state.gov or Daniel Walter on WalterDK@state.gov for
full text versions of the presentations.
------------
Participants
------------
Australia
---------
--Mr. John Sullivan, Assistant Secretary, Arms Control and
Counter-Proliferation Branch, International Security
Division, DFAT
--Mr. Murray Perks, Assistant Secretary, Security Policy and
Programs, Department of Defence
--Mr. Greg Manning, Assistant Secretary, International
Security and Human Rights Branch, Office of International
Law, Attorney General's Department
--Ms. Sophia McIntyre, Executive Officer, Arms Control and
Counter-Proliferation Branch, International Security
Division, DFAT
--Dr. Jerry Edward, Director, Counter Proliferation,
Scientific and Technical Analysis Branch, Defence
Intelligence Organisation
--LDCR Letecia van Stralen, Deputy Fleet Legal Officer, Royal
Australian Navy
--Mr. Paul Power, Deputy Director, Counter-Proliferation and
Arms Control, International and Domestic Security Branch,
Department and Defence
--Mr. Robert Matthews, Manager, Nuclear, Biological, Chemical
Arms Control, Defence Science and Technology Organisation,
Department of Defence
--Mr. Christopher White, Director, Maritime Strategy,
Australian Customs Service
--GRPCPT Matthew Dudley, Defence and Armed Services Attache,
Australian Embassy, Tokyo
--Ms. Jenny Bloomfield, Counsellor (Political), Australian
Embassy, Tokyo
--Mr. Robert Rushby, Counsellor (Customs), Australian
Embassy, Tokyo
--Ms. Pauline Lee, First Secretary, Australian Embassy, Tokyo
--Mr. Shane Flanagan, Second Secretary, Australian Embassy,
Tokyo
Brunei Darussalam
-----------------
--Ms. Datin Paduka Hjh Maimunah Dato Paduka Hj Elias, Deputy
Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
--Ms. Roslizawati Hj Ibrahim, Second Secretary, Department of
International Organisations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
Trade
--Mr. Mahadi Maidin, Minister Counsellor, Negara Brunei
Darussalam Embassy
Cambodia
--------
--Mr. Sun Suon, Director, International Organizations
Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International
Cooperation
--Ms. Sun Malen, Third Secretary, Cambodia Embassy
Canada
------
--Mr. Mark Gwozdecky, Director, Nuclear Non-Proliferation and
Disarmament Division
--Mr. Philippe Tremblay, Second Secretary, Embassy of Canada
in Japan
--Ms. Michelle Slade, Deputy Head of Mission at the Canadian
Embassy of Tokyo
China
-----
--Mr. Hu Xiaodi, Ambassador, Arms Control and Disarmament
Department, MFA
--Ms. Chen Zhiwen, First Secretary, Chinese Embassy
Indonesia
---------
--Mr. Andy Rachmianto, Deputy Director, Directorate of
International Security and Disarmament, Department of Foreign
Affairs
--Mr. Edwin Suchranudin, Second Secretary, Indonesian Embassy
--Ms. Dewi J. Meidiwaty, Third Secretary, Indonesian Embassy
Laos
----
--Ms. Kanika Phommachanh, Director General, Department of
International Organizations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
--Mr. Virasac Somphong, First Secretary, Embassy of Lao PDR
Tokyo
Malaysia
--------
--Mr. Shahrul Ikram, Undersecretary, Multilateral Political
Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Myanmar
-------
--Mr. Htin Lynn, Deputy Director, International Organizations
Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
New Zealand
-----------
--Ms. Dell Higgie, Director, Security Policy Division,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Ambassador for
Counter-Terrorism)
--Mr. Mike Pointer, First Secretary, New Zealand Embassy
Philippines
-----------
--Mr. Aladin G. Villacorte, Assistant Secretary, Office of
United Nations & Other Int'l Organizations, DFA
--Mr. Sulpicio M. Confiado, First Secretary, Philippines
Embassy
Republic of Korea
-----------------
--Mr. Choi, Sung-joo, Deputy Director-General, International
Organizations, MOFAT
--Mr. Kang, Young-hoon, First Secretary, Korean Embassy, Tokyo
--Mr. Oh, Jae-Soon, Deputy Director, Export Control Division,
Ministry of Commerce, Industry & Energy
--Mr. Kim, Jae-woo, Second Secretary, Disarmament and
Non-Proliferation Division, MOFAT
Singapore
---------
--Ms. Yvonne Ow, Assistant Director, International
Organizations Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
--Mr. Eng Chuan Ong, Deputy Chief of Mission, Singapore
Embassy, Tokyo
Thailand
--------
--Mr. Kittichaisaree Kriangsak, Director-General, Department
of International Organizations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
United States
-------------
--Mr. Tony Foley, Director, Office of Counterproliferation
Initiative, Bureau of International Security and
Nonproliferation, Department of State
--Mr. Steven Schleien, Director for Transnational Threats
Policy, OSD
--Ms. Elizabeth Phu, Assistant for Transnational Threats
Policy, OSD
--Mr. Eric DeSautels, Senior Advisor, ISN, State Department
--Mr. Randall Beisecker, Regional Affairs, ISN, State
Department
--Ms. Ayanna Hobbs, Scientific and Technical Affairs Officer,
Embassy Tokyo
--Mr. Daniel Walter, Advanced Technologies Officer, Embassy
Tokyo
Vietnam
-------
--Mr. Pham Vinh Quang, Assistant Director-General,
International Organizations Department, Ministry of Foreign
Affairs
Japan
-----
--Mr. Takeshi Nakane (Chair), Director-General, Disarmament,
Non-Proliferation and Science, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
--Ms. Tomoko Ichikawa (Head of Delegation), Director,
Non-Proliferation, Science and Nuclear Energy Division,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
SCHIEFFER