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Viewing cable 06SEOUL4261, ROK ACADEMICS OFFER MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06SEOUL4261 2006-12-14 09:12 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Seoul
VZCZCXYZ0013
OO RUEHWEB

DE RUEHUL #4261/01 3480912
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 140912Z DEC 06
FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 1902
INFO RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 1728
RUEHMO/AMEMBASSY MOSCOW 7718
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 1827
RUEHUM/AMEMBASSY ULAANBAATAR 1420
RUEHBK/AMEMBASSY BANGKOK 6406
RUEHSH/AMCONSUL SHENYANG 3225
RHMFISS/COMUSKOREA J5 SEOUL KOR
RHHMUNA/CDR USPACOM HONOLULU HI
RHMFISS/COMUSKOREA J2 SEOUL KOR
RHMFISS/COMUSKOREA SCJS SEOUL KOR
UNCLAS SEOUL 004261 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
SENSITIVE 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PREF PHUM PREL KS KN CH
SUBJECT: ROK ACADEMICS OFFER MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO 
DPRK HUMAN RIGHTS 
 
1. (SBU) SUMMARY: Several conservative ROK academics urged a 
multi-pronged approach toward North Korean human rights, 
arguing that the U.S. should take larger number of refugees, 
continue sanctions and increase radio broadcasts into North 
Korea, while providing humanitarian assistance and promoting 
exchanges with North Korean officials.  Such an approach, 
they reasoned, would get information about the outside world 
into the closed country while prompting other countries, 
including the ROK, to do more to help North Korean refugees. 
This approach would ultimately undermine support for the 
regime from within, the only way to improve the human rights 
situation, while insulating against criticism that the U.S. 
was seeking regime change, they argued.  END SUMMARY. 
 
ADMIT MORE NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES... 
----------------------------------- 
 
2. (SBU) In separate conversations with Poloffs in late 
November and early December, several conservative ROK 
academics argued that to effectively address the human rights 
situation in North Korea, the international community needed 
to take a multi-dimensional approach.  Won Jae-chun, human 
rights law scholar at Handong Global University, assessed 
that the North Korean refugee issue could play a key role in 
developing a winning approach to North Korean human rights 
issues.  Won said that the U.S. should take significantly 
larger numbers of North Korean refugees, and criticized the 
ROK for not taking a more proactive stance in extending 
protection to all North Koreans in third countries, which he 
said it could legally do under its Constitution.  Kookmin 
University North Korea scholar Andrei Lankov similarly 
criticized the ROK for failing to do more to help North 
Koreans in third countries. 
 
3. (SBU) Won argued that U.S. admission of significant 
numbers of North Korean refugees would encourage the ROK to 
do more and demonstrate that the U.S. is committed to 
assisting North Koreans in need, not simply using the issue 
as a political tool against the North Korean regime.  At the 
same time, the U.S. should press European countries to take 
North Korean refugees from third countries, and put concerted 
pressure on China to recognize North Koreans as refugees, Won 
said.  Heo Man-ho, a human rights scholar at Kyungpook 
National University, said that the U.S. is the only country 
capable of levying sufficient pressure on China to force it 
to comply with its obligations under the refugee convention. 
 
4. (SBU) To make the most effective argument about the 
humanitarian nature of its actions, and to assist those in 
greatest need, Won and Heo emphasized that the U.S. should 
focus its efforts on helping the most vulnerable groups of 
refugees, such as children born in China to North Korean 
mothers and Chinese fathers. 
 
...WHILE INCREASING ENGAGEMENT 
------------------------------ 
 
5. (SBU) Won stressed that the U.S. should also increase 
humanitarian assistance to the DPRK and facilitate exchanges 
with government officials.  Contact with North Korean 
officials was essential to encouraging the DPRK to open and 
reform.  Heo agreed on the importance of exchanges, which was 
the only way to improve the human rights and humanitarian 
situation in North Korea and eliminate the root cause of the 
North Korean refugee problem.  The most realistic way to 
build anti-Kim Jong-il sentiment from within was by exposing 
North Koreans to information about the outside world. 
Exchanges involving North Korean officials in the long-run 
would prepare such officials to oppose the Kim regime, he 
said.  Andrei Lankov similarly encouraged increased exchanges 
with North Korean officials, stating that change would take 
quiet, systematic work over time.  Providing North Koreans 
with opportunities to obtain education and other training 
abroad was a crucial way to effect change.  Won noted that 
inter-Korean projects at Kaesong and Kumgang also played an 
important role in facilitating contact between North Koreans 
and the outside world, and are setting the foundation for 
unification.  Radio broadcasts into North Korea are also an 
important mechanism for getting outside information inside 
the DPRK's borders, according to Won and Lankov. 
 
6. (SBU) While urging increased engagement, Heo praised the 
imposition of sanctions on North Korea, particularly the ban 
on luxury goods, as important steps that could help undermine 
the regime. 
 
7. (SBU) Won argued that increasing engagement with the DPRK 
and increasing humanitarian assistance, while taking larger 
numbers of refugees and increasing radio broadcasts, would 
insulate the U.S. to charges from leftist groups and the ROKG 
that it was seeking regime change.  In practice, however, 
this approach would quietly undermine the regime by 
encouraging opening from within and building international 
consensus around the refugee issue. 
 
BUILDING A MULTILATERAL FRAMEWORK 
--------------------------------- 
 
8. (SBU) Heo asked about the North Korea Human Rights Act's 
reference to the creation of a Helsinki process to address 
North Korean human rights.  Heo said that there should be a 
mechanism to resolve human rights issues in Northeast Asia, 
pointing out that the region lacks the frameworks that exist 
in other parts of the world.  The political will to create 
such a mechanism in the region and address North Korean human 
rights depends on North Korea's neighbors, and the U.S. 
should press those countries to support the creation of such 
a framework, Heo said. 
 
9. (SBU) Lee Tai-hwan, Sejong Institute Senior Research 
Fellow and China Study Committee Chairman, assessed that 
concerted international effort on the DPRK and China would be 
required to compel improvement in North Korean human rights 
and the situation of North Korean refugees.  International 
pressure on North Korean human rights and Chinese treatment 
of North Korean refugees would increase the chance that China 
would respond, as it would not want to lose face. 
International pressure would also create more space for the 
ROKG to take a greater role in these issues.  In particular, 
Lee suggested creating a trilateral consultative framework 
with U.S., ROK and Chinese academics or NGOs on North Korean 
refugee issues as an initial step toward shifting the Chinese 
position. 
 
COMMENT 
------- 
 
10. (SBU) In the wake of the North Korean nuclear test two 
months ago, a larger segment of the Korean population is 
beginning to question the Roh government's engagement policy. 
 As we head into the 2007 presidential elections, the ideas 
articulated by these academics -- especially those that link 
engagement with reciprocity  -- will likely gain more 
traction.   END COMMENT. 
VERSHBOW