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Viewing cable 06KINSHASA1840, DRC: NYAMULAGIRA VOLCANO ERUPTING AGAIN, FIRST

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06KINSHASA1840 2006-12-08 12:04 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Kinshasa
VZCZCXRO0154
PP RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHGI RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHKI #1840 3421204
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 081204Z DEC 06
FM AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 5284
INFO RUEHXR/RWANDA COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY PRIORITY
UNCLAS KINSHASA 001840 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: SENV EAID PREF CG
SUBJECT: DRC: NYAMULAGIRA VOLCANO ERUPTING AGAIN, FIRST 
TIME SINCE 2004 
 
REF: A: 02 KIGALI 456 
 
          B: KINSHASA 1787 
 
1. (U) Summary. Mount Nyamulagira , a volcano some 30 kilometers (21 
miles) north of Goma, began erupting on November 27 at 2000, the 
first time since 2004.  One major lava flow from the active fissure 
at the southern base of the volcano was headed in a southwesterly 
direction towards Lake Kivu and threatened to cut the Goma-Sake 
road.  Though no large human habitations were in the lava's path, 
the cutting off of Sake - a town which had only last week saw 
violence between renegade military elements and the Congolese army, 
would have seriously complicated the humanitarian and military 
situation in the area. The eruption has been winding down, however, 
and the lava flow has stopped far short of the road.  Volcanologists 
warn that additional eruptions are possible, given the amount of 
magma that has accumulated underground not far from the surface, but 
have indicated that the negative consequences of this eruption are 
limited to effects on the environment caused by smoke during the 
eruption. End summary 
 
2. (U) On November 26, seismic equipment around the two volcanoes 
north of Goma, North Kivu province, registered over 400 tremors. 
Nyamulagira volcano, said to be the most active volcano in Africa 
(ref A), has erupted at regular intervals over the last decade, most 
recently in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2004. Lava from Nyamulagira 
is generally heavier, thicker and slower-moving than that from 
Nyiragongo volcano, which spread an estimated 15 to 20 million cubic 
meters of lava in 2002. Some large lava flows from Nyamulagira have 
reached Lake Kivu over the last hundred years; in 1948 lava flowed 
almost nonstop for nearly two years, crossing the Goma-Sake road to 
the south and significantly changing the shape of the Lake Kivu 
shoreline. Nyamulagira eruptions, however, pose little threat to 
human life, and it is virtually impossible for the flow to reach 
Goma, since it would have to travel uphill to get there. The 2004 
eruption sent lava only northward, into the Virunga Park, where 
there are few human habitations. 
3. (U) By December 1, during a flyover of the scene, OFDA rep and 
Jacques Durieux, foremost expert on the Kivu volcanoes, observed 
that lava flow from a fissure directly south of the Nyamulagira 
crater had traveled 14 of the 24 kilometers southwestward to the 
Goma-Sake road. Concern among humanitarian personnel and 
volcanologists in Goma was that, if this flow continued southward, 
it could cut off the main road from Goma westward, along the north 
end of Lake Kivu, towards Sake. Sake was the scene of fighting 
between integrated and non-integrated brigades of the Congolese 
military (FARDC) November 25-27. (ref B). Sake, on a main 
north-south route between North and South Kivu provinces, is 
normally a town of 30,000-40,000 people, many of whom fled during 
the recent fighting. Some went to Goma, while others moved to nearby 
towns along the main north-south road. Approximately 5,000 have 
taken shelter in villages along the Goma-Sake road. Humanitarian 
supplies for these displaced persons normally come from Goma, where 
there is an international airport with a relatively long runway. 
(Note: The runway of this airport was significantly shortened by a 
lava flow during the Nyiragongo eruption of January 2002 and no 
longer meets safety standards for many types of aircraft. End note.) 
 
4. (U) By December 2, volcano monitoring equipment suggested that 
the eruption was increasing in force, but volcanologists could not 
verify this by air surveillance due to poor visibility.  On Monday, 
December 4, the volcanologists had good views of both the fissure 
and the lava flows and were able to state confidently that this 
particular eruption seemed to be ending and that there were no 
longer any active lava flows.  They cautioned, however, that 
additional eruptions could occur, given that, according to analysis 
of their measurements over the last two years, significant amounts 
of magma had risen to within 4 kilometers of the surface and that 
this eruption was probably too short to have exhausted the reservoir 
that had been building up there. They will be monitoring very 
closely all developments over the next few months. 
5. (U) The only serious consequence of this Nyamulagira eruption 
appears to be the possible negative affects of the huge plume of 
smoke that extends across both the DRC and the ROC and all the way 
to Chad (which has already forced pilots to alter flight patterns). 
The eruption has increased the amount of sulfur dioxide in the air, 
which, if it finds its way into surface and ground waters, can have 
detrimental effects on human health.  Cinders from the smoke landing 
on pastures are potentially dangerous to ruminants in the vicinity. 
 
MEECE