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Viewing cable 06RANGOON1633, BURMA: 2006-2007 INCSR PART II

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06RANGOON1633 2006-11-06 09:49 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Rangoon
VZCZCXRO0289
RR RUEHCHI RUEHDT RUEHHM
DE RUEHGO #1633/01 3100949
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 060949Z NOV 06
FM AMEMBASSY RANGOON
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5388
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
INFO RUEHZS/ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS
RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 1231
RUEHBY/AMEMBASSY CANBERRA 0003
RUEHKA/AMEMBASSY DHAKA 4387
RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON 1868
RUEHNE/AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI 3605
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 7101
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 4716
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 RANGOON 001633 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR EAP/MLS, INL, EB/ESC/TFS; TREASURY FOR FINCEN; JUSTICE FOR 
AFMLS, OIA, OPDAT 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EFIN ECON KCRM KTFN BM
SUBJECT: BURMA: 2006-2007 INCSR PART II 
 
REF: A) RANGOON 1630, B) STATE 157084 
 
Post's submission for Part II of Burma's International Narcotics 
Control and Strategy Report: Financial Crimes and Money Laundering 
follows.  Ref A contains Part I. 
 
Burma 
 
State-owned entities, including the military, control most of the 
economy of Burma.  Agriculture and extractive industries, including 
natural gas, mining, logging and fishing provide the major portion of 
national income. Heavy industry and manufacturing have minor roles. I 
2005 and 2006, Burma strengthened its anti-money laundering regulator 
regime, particularly in the banking sector, reducing its vulnerabilit 
to drug money laundering. However, with an undeveloped financial sect 
and large volume of informal trade, Burma remains a country where the 
is significant risk of drug money being funneled into commercial 
enterprises and infrastructure investment. The government has address 
most key areas of concern identified by the international community b 
implementing some anti-money laundering measures, and in October 2006 
the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) removed Burma from the FATF li 
of Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories (NCCT). 
 
As of November 2006, the United States maintains other sanctions on 
trade, investment and financial transactions with  Burma under 
Executive Order 13047 (May 1997), Executive Order 13310 (July 2003); 
the Narcotics Control Trade Act, the Foreign Assistance Act, the 
International Financial Institutions Act, the Export-Import Bank Act, 
the Export Administration Act, the Customs and Trade Act, the Tariff 
Act (19 USC 1307), and the 2003 Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act (P. 
108-61). 
 
Burma enacted a "Control of Money Laundering Law" in 2002. It also 
established the Central Control Board of Money Laundering in 2002 and 
financial intelligence unit (FIU) in 2003. It set a threshold amount 
for reporting cash transactions by banks and real estate firms, albei 
at a fairly high level of 100 million kyat (approximately $75,000). 
Burma adopted a "Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Law" in 2004, 
added fraud to the list of predicate offenses, and established legal 
penalties for leaking information about suspicious transaction report 
The GOB's 2004 anti-money laundering measures amended regulations 
instituted in 2003 that set out 11 predicate offenses, including 
narcotics activities, human trafficking, arms trafficking, cyber-crim 
and "offenses committed by acts of terrorism," among others. The 2003 
regulations, expanded in 2006, require banks, customs officials and t 
legal and real estate sectors to file suspicious transaction reports 
(STRs) and impose severe penalties for non-compliance. 
 
The GOB established a Department Against Transnational Crime in 2004. 
Its mandate includes anti-money laundering activities. It is staffed 
police officers and support personnel from banks, customs, budget, an 
other relevant government departments. In response to a February 2005 
FATF request, the Government of Burma submitted an anti-money 
laundering implementation plan and produced regular progress reports 
2005 and 2006. In 2005, the government also increased the size of the 
FIU to 11 permanent members, plus 20 support staff. In August 2005, t 
Central Bank of Myanmar issued guidelines for on-site bank inspection 
and required reports that review banks' compliance with AML 
legislation. Since then, the Central Bank has sent teams to instruct 
bank staff on the new guidelines and to inspect banking operations fo 
compliance. 
 
As of November 2006, the United States maintains the separate 
countermeasures it adopted against Burma in 2004, which found the 
jurisdiction of Burma and two private Burmese banks, Myanmar Mayflowe 
Bank and Asia Wealth Bank, to be "of primary money laundering concern 
and required U.S. banks to take special measures with respect to all 
Burmese banks, with particular attention to Myanmar Mayflower and Asi 
Wealth Bank. These rules were issued by the Financial Crimes 
Enforcement Network within the Treasury Department, pursuant to Secti 
311 of the 2001 USA Patriot Act. 
 
These rules prohibit most U.S. financial institutions from establishi 
or maintaining correspondent or payable-through accounts in the Unite 
States for or on behalf of Myanmar Mayflower and Asia Wealth Bank and 
with narrow exceptions, for all other Burmese banks. Myanmar Mayflowe 
and Asia Wealth Bank had been linked directly to narcotics-traffickin 
organizations in Southeast Asia. In March 2005, following GOB 
investigations, the Central Bank of Myanmar revoked the operating 
licenses of Myanmar Mayflower Bank and Asia Wealth Bank, citing 
 
RANGOON 00001633  002 OF 002 
 
 
infractions of the Financial Institutions of Myanmar Law.  The two 
banks no longer exist. In August 2005, the Government of Burma also 
revoked the license of Myanmar Universal Bank (MUB), and convicted th 
bank's chairman under both the Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances 
Law, and the Control of Money Laundering Law. Under the money 
laundering charge, the court sentenced him to one 10 year and one 
unlimited term in prison and seized his and his bank's assets. 
 
Burma also remains under a separate U.S. Treasury Department advisory 
stating that U.S. financial institutions should give enhanced scrutin 
to all financial transactions related to Burma. Section 311 of the US 
Patriot Act complements the 2003 Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act 
(renewed in July 2006) and Executive Order 13310 (July 2003), which 
impose additional economic sanctions on Burma following the regime's 
May 2003 attack on a peaceful convoy of the country's pro-democracy 
opposition led by Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. The sanctions 
prohibit the import of most Burmese-produced goods into the United 
States, ban the provision of financial services to Burma by any U.S. 
persons, freeze assets of the ruling junta and other Burmese 
institutions, and expand U.S. visa restrictions to include managers o 
state-owned enterprises as well as senior government officials and 
family members associated with the regime. In August 2005, the U.S. 
Treasury amended and reissued the Burmese Sanctions Regulations in 
their entirety to implement the 2003 Executive Order that placed thes 
sanctions on Burma. 
 
Burma became a member of the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering i 
January 2006, and is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention. Over the 
past several years, the Government of Burma has expanded its counter- 
narcotics cooperation with other states. The GOB has bilateral drug 
control agreements with India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Russia, Laos, the 
Philippines, China, and Thailand.  These agreements include cooperati 
on drug-related money laundering issues. In July 2005, the Myanmar 
Central Control Board signed an MOU with Thailand's Anti-Money 
Laundering Office governing the exchange of information and financial 
intelligence.  The government has announced plans to sign a cooperati 
MOU with Indonesia's FIU in November 2006. 
 
Burma is a party to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized 
Crime and ratified the UN Convention on Corruption in December 2005 a 
the UN International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing 
Terrorism in September 2006.  Burma signed the ASEAN Multilateral 
Assistance in Criminal Matters Agreement in January 2006. 
The GOB now has in place a framework to allow mutual legal assistance 
and cooperation with overseas jurisdictions in the investigation and 
prosecution of serious crimes. To fully implement a strong anti-money 
laundering/counter-terrorist financing regime, Burma must provide the 
necessary resources to administrative and judicial authorities who 
supervise the financial sector, so they can apply and enforce the 
government's regulations to fight money laundering successfully. Burm 
must also continue to improve its enforcement of the new regulations 
and oversight of its banking system, and end all government policies 
that facilitate the investment of drug money into the legitimate 
economy. It also must monitor more carefully the widespread use of 
informal remittance or "hundi" networks, and should criminalize the 
funding of terrorism. 
Villarosa