Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 06NIAMEY1023, NIGER: CONSOLIDATING PEACE IN THE AIR AND AZAWAK

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #06NIAMEY1023.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06NIAMEY1023 2006-09-12 12:19 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Niamey
VZCZCXRO8161
RR RUEHMA RUEHPA
DE RUEHNM #1023/01 2551219
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 121219Z SEP 06
FM AMEMBASSY NIAMEY
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 2888
INFO RUEHZK/ECOWAS COLLECTIVE
RUFGCIN/CDR USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 NIAMEY 001023 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
ACCRA FOR USAID 
AF/W FOR BACHMAN 
INR FOR BOGOSIAN 
PRM FOR POLLACK 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV PREL EAID EAGR SOCI SENV NG
 
SUBJECT: NIGER: CONSOLIDATING PEACE IN THE AIR AND AZAWAK 
 
REF: NIAMEY 391 
 
1. SUMMARY.  MORE THAN 11 YEARS AFTER THE SIGNING OF PEACE ACCORDS, 
FORMER MEMBERS OF VARIOUS TUAREG RESISTANCE FRONTS 
HAVE BEGUN TO RECEIVE THE SUPPORT THEY HAVE BEEN PROMISED.  ON 
SEPTEMBER 8, IN A HALF-DAY CEREMONY IN AGADEZ, THE FIRST CHECKS WERE 
HANDED TO THE HEADS OF 25 COOPERATIVE GROUPS.  KEY GOVERNMENT OF 
NIGER (GON) OFFICIALS AND REPRESENTATIVES FROM DONORS CONTRIBUTING 
TO THIS TWO-YEAR, UNDP-MANAGED PROGRAM TO ASSIST 3,160 EX-REBELS 
WERE IN ATTENDANCE.  MUCH FANFARE AND PRESS COVERAGE WAS GIVEN TO 
THIS IMPORTANT STEP IN CONSOLIDATING PEACE IN THE AIR AND AZAWAK 
REGIONS.  EMBASSY'S USAID CONTRACTOR REPRESENTED AMBASSADOR AT THE 
CEREMONY AND PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING REPORT ON THE PACIFICATION 
PROGRAM.  END SUMMARY. 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
LONG ROAD TO PUTTING CASH IN THE EX-REBELS' HANDS 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
 
2. FOLLOWING FIVE YEARS OF SPORADIC ARMED CONFLICT WITH 13 TUAREG 
REBEL FRONTS, PEACE ACCORDS WERE SIGNED WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF NIGER 
(GON) ON APRIL 24, 1995.  THESE ACCORDS PROVIDED FOR THE INTEGRATION 
OF EX-FRONT MEMBERS INTO THE GON CIVIL SERVICE AND SECURITY FORCES, 
AS WELL AS CASH PAYMENTS TO SOME SENIOR FRONT COMMANDERS.  NUMEROUS 
MEETINGS HAVE BEEN HELD SINCE THE SIGNING OF THE ACCORDS AND THE GON 
HAS ORGANIZED SEVERAL KEY EVENTS (E.G., THE "PEACE FLAME" IN 2000 
WHERE ARMS COLLECTED FROM FORMER REBELS WERE BURNED IN A HUGE 
BONFIRE IN AGADEZ). THE REMAINING ACTION IN SUPPORT OF THE PEACE 
ACCORDS IS PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO 3,160 FORMER MEMBERS OF 
TUAREG REBEL FRONTS. 
 
3.  IN 1994, THE GON ESTABLISHED A HIGH COMMISSION FOR THE 
RESTORATION OF PEACE AND CHARGED IT WITH EXECUTING PROGRAMS TO 
MAINTAIN THE PEACE WITH EX-TUAREG REBELS IN NORTHERN NIGER AND, 
LATER, WITH THE 890 TOUBOU REBELS IN EASTERN NIGER (KAWAR AND MANGA 
REGIONS) WHO SIGNED A PEACE AGREEMENT IN 1998. CURRENTLY, THE HEAD 
OF THIS COMMISSION IS MOHAMED ANACKO, FORMER LEADER OF AN EX-TUAREG 
FRONT THAT WAS ONE OF THE LAST TO SIGN THE PEACE ACCORDS. ONE OF THE 
COMMISSION'S TASKS HAS BEEN TO CONDUCT A CENSUS OF ALL THE FORMER 
TUAREG MEMBERS ELIGIBLE FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. 
 
4.  IT WAS AGREED THAT EACH OF THE 13 EX-TUAREG FRONTS WOULD PROVIDE 
THE NAMES OF 220 PEOPLE (MEN AND WOMEN) WHO COULD BE CONSIDERED FOR 
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES. AT 
PRESENT, 1,067 EX-REBELS FROM SIX FRONTS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED IN THE 
AGADEZ REGION, AS HAVE 1,106 EX-REBELS FROM SEVEN FRONTS IN THE 
NORTH TAHOUA-AZAWAK REGION. AS THESE FORMER FRONT MEMBERS BEGIN 
RECEIVING FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, WORK CONTINUES TO 
REGISTER ADDITIONAL EX-REBELS IN PLACES AS FAR AWAY FROM AGADEZ AS 
NIAMEY, TILLABERI AND ZINDER. ALTOGETHER, 11 OF THE 13 FRONTS HAVE 
COMPLETED THE REGISTRATION PROCESS. 
 
--------------------------------------------- -- 
COMPLEX PROCESS TO MAKE CASH WORK FOR EX-REBELS 
--------------------------------------------- -- 
 
5.  ACCORDING TO AGREEMENTS REACHED, EACH FORMER REBELS IS TO 
RECEIVE 165,000 CFA FRANCS (USD 323) BUT THEY WOULD NOT RECEIVE THIS 
SUM INDIVIDUALLY BUT AS PART OF A GREATER AMOUNT TO BE PROVIDED TO A 
CO-OPERATIVE GROUP THEY HAVE FORMED WITH OTHER EX-REBELS.  THESE 
CO-OPS ARE GENERALLY COMPOSED OF SEVEN TO 10 MEMBERS AND THEY CAN BE 
MEN OR WOMEN, OR BOTH. THEREFORE, A GROUP WITH 10 MEMBERS WOULD 
RECEIVE 1,165,000 CFA (USD 3,230) UPON APPROVAL OF THEIR APPLICATION 
FOR A MICRO-PROJECT.  HOWEVER, THE CURRENT UNDP PROGRAM REQUIRES 
THAT ONLY 80 PERCENT OF THIS AMOUNT BE PROVIDED, WITH THE REMAINING 
20 PERCENT TO BE GRANTED FOLLOWING AN EVALUATION OF THE 
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE APPROVED ACTIVITY. 
 
6.  TO DATE, MICRO-PROJECTS HAVE BEEN APPROVED FOR 106 CO-OPS IN THE 
AGADEZ REGION AND 104 CO-OPS IN THE AZAWAK REGION.  ALTOGETHER, 
2,173 EX-REBELS ARE MEMBERS OF THESE 210 CO-OPS AND THE ACTIVITIES 
THEY WILL BE PURSUING INCLUDE CEREALS BANKS, COMMUNITY GARDENS, 
LIVESTOCK MARKETING, STORES FOR THE SALE OF AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, 
ETC.  THE HEAVY AND COMPLEX ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN OF PROCESSING AND 
FOLLOWING UP ON THE WORK OF ALL THESE CO-OPS AND THEIR ACTIVITIES IS 
OBVIOUS.  THIS BURDEN IS EVEN GREATER WHEN ONE CONSIDERS THAT THE 
GEOGRAPHIC AREA COVERED BY A DOZEN PROJECT STAFF IS ABOUT 250,000 
SQUARE KILOMETERS (AN AREA LARGER THAN THE STATES OF VIRGINIA AND 
MARYLAND COMBINED.) 
 
--------------------------------------------- -- 
EX-REBELS COMPLAIN CASH IS TOO LITTLE, TOO LATE 
--------------------------------------------- -- 
 
7.  THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT THIS USD 1.6 MILLION, TWO-YEAR PROJECT 
(NOW NEARING THE END OF ITS FIRST YEAR) WILL BE SEVERELY CHALLENGED 
 
NIAMEY 00001023  002 OF 002 
 
 
TO CONTINUE THE IMPLEMENTATION MOMENTUM AND VERIFICATION THAT THE 
FUNDS PROVIDED WILL GO FOR THE PURPOSES INTENDED.  THE 25 CHECKS, 
DISTRIBUTED WITH MUCH FANFARE ON SEPTEMBER 8, ARE A FIRST STEP IN 
WHAT COULD BECOME A LONG PROCESS. TWO YEARS IS PROBABLY NOT ENOUGH 
TIME TO COMPLETE THIS PROCESS AND THE UNDP CLAIMS THE PROJECT IS 
SHORT-FUNDED BY ABOUT USD 220,000. 
 
8.  CURRENT CONTRIBUTORS AND THE AMOUNTS PROVIDED TO THIS EFFORT TO 
CONSOLIDATE PEACE IN THE AIR AND AZAWAK REGIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: GON 
(USD 157,000); UNDP (USD 580,000); FRANCE (USD 360,000); LIBYA (USD 
318,000); AND, U.S. (USD 225,000).  THE U.S. CONTRIBUTION REPRESENTS 
ONE OF THE FIRST DISBURSEMENTS OF FUNDS MADE UNDER THE TRANS-SAHARA 
COUNTER TERRORISM PARTNERSHIP (TSCTP).  POST HAS SUBMITTED A REQUEST 
FOR AN ADDIITONAL USD 200,000 IN ESF FUNDING TO PROVIDE FURTHER 
SUPPORT THIS PROGRAM (REFTEL). 
 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
KEEPING THE PEACE REQUIRES A SUSTAINED COMMITMENT 
--------------------------------------------- ---- 
 
9.  THE FUNDING ISSUE IS FURTHER COMPLICATED BY THE STRONG FEELING 
AMONG EX-REBEL GROUPS THAT THE MONEY THEY ARE FINALLY RECEIVING IS 
INADEQUATE TO MEET THEIR NEEDS. DURING THE SEPTEMBER 8 CEREMONY 
EX-FRONT LEADERS SAID IN THEIR SPEECHES THAT THEY ARE STRONGLY 
COMMITTED TO PEACE BUT THAT THE AMOUNTS THEY ARE NOW RECEIVING AFTER 
WAITING OVER 11 YEARS ARE JUST TOO LITTLE. ONE GROUP LEADER REFERRED 
TO THE AMOUNT OF MONEY BEING PROVIDED TO EACH EX-REBEL AS 
RIDICULOUSLY SMALL.  WHILE IT IS CLEAR THEY ARE HAPPY TO BE 
RECEIVING SOMETHING, IT IS ALSO CLEAR THAT THEY WERE EXPECTING A 
MUCH HIGHER PEACE DIVIDEND. 
 
10.  COMMENT.  KEEPING THE PEACE IN THE AIR AND AZAWAK REGIONS WILL 
REQUIRE MORE THAN A TWO-YEAR, USD TWO MILLION PROJECT, A SUM OF 
MONEY CONSIDERED PALTRY BY FORMER REBELS.  IT REMAINS AN OPEN 
QUESTION HOW MUCH MORE WILL BE NEEDED TO MAINTAIN THE PEACE AND IT 
MAY BE THAT EVEN MUCH MORE MAY NOT BE ENOUGH.  AS NOTED IN HIGH 
COMMISSIONER ANACKO'S REMARKS AT THE SEPTEMBER 8 CEREMONY IN AGADEZ, 
POVERTY AND MISERY WERE THE UNDERLYING CAUSES TO THE TUAREQ 
REBELLION. ADDRESSING ADEQUATELY THESE CAUSES WILL TAKE MANY YEARS 
OF CONSISTENT HIGH LEVELS OF INVESTMENT, FROM BOTH PUBLIC AND 
PRIVATE SOURCES.  NONETHELESS, DONORS SHOULD CONTINUE IN THE MONTHS 
AND YEARS AHEAD TO EXPAND THEIR WORK WITH THE GON TO SUPPORT THE 
MAINTENANCE OF PEACE IN NIGER'S AIR AND AZAWAK REGIONS.  END 
COMMENT. 
ALLEN