Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 06LIMA3896, PERU LNG: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #06LIMA3896.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06LIMA3896 | 2006-09-29 22:14 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Lima |
VZCZCXYZ0000
RR RUEHWEB
DE RUEHPE #3896/01 2722214
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 292214Z SEP 06
FM AMEMBASSY LIMA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 2524
RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO 0719
INFO RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA 3962
RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 6997
RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 2599
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 9800
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ SEP SANTIAGO 0874
RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO 3433
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RUMIAAA/USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL
RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC
RHEBAAA/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHDC
UNCLAS LIMA 003896
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR WHA/AND, WHA/EPSC, OES
TREASURY FOR U/S TAYLOR,KOZLOFF,LEVINE
STATE PASS TO EXIM AND USTR
DEPT OF ENERGY FOR S.LADISLAW
ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION FOR CHARLES ESSER
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ENRG ECON ETRD EAID SENV PE
SUBJECT: PERU LNG: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES
REF: (A) Lima 3686 (B) Lima 742
¶1. SUMMARY: The Peru Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) project is
proceeding apace, bringing gas from the Camisea gas fields through
to pipeline to LNG plant and marine terminal on Peru's coastline. A
2010 export target should deliver $200 million in GOP revenues and
community projects per year, with annual exports of four million
metric tons of liquefied natural gas, potentially worth a billion
dollars. President Alan Garcia has publicly expressed full support
for this project, in which U.S. company Hunt Oil is the operator
with a 50 percent share. There is little Peruvian opposition to
the LNG project but continuing complaints about Camisea. At a
September 27 Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) public forum,
civil society and GOP speakers noted the economic importance of Peru
LNG. There were no concerns raised about Paracas Bay. NGO critics
focused on rupture risks of the Camisea liquids pipeline (which will
also carry Peru LNG liquids) and social impacts on the indigenous
residents near the gas fields and pipeline. Project implementers
said they are addressing these concerns by working to ensure the
pipeline's integrity and improve their work with indigenous
communities. While the GOP, the USG, the IDB and NGOs should work
together to make sure environmental and social plans are fully
implemented, Post recommends support for IDB lending to Peru LNG.
END SUMMARY.
OUTLINE OF PERU LNG
-------------------
¶2. The Peru LNG project is on schedule, with five main components -
gas extraction, pipeline, expansion of the Pisco fractionation
plant, and a new liquefaction plant with a marine terminal at Pampa
Melchorita, 169 km south of Lima. The anticipated economic effect
of the project makes Peru LNG a vital cornerstone of GOP development
plans. It includes combined projected annual royalties of $200
million for the central and local governments, and public works
projects for communities. The Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) has
approved the Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for Concession
Block 56, the new gas pipeline and LNG plant/marine terminal. The
operator of Block 88, Argentine company Pluspetrol, will submit a
revised EIA for that block covering proposed changes to the pipeline
route that will be shared by Peru LNG.
¶3. Peru LNG, a Peruvian corporation, is a consortium consisting of
Hunt Oil Company (50 percent partner), SK Corporation of South Korea
and Repsol-YPF of Spain. Peru LNG contracted with the GOP to build
and operate the Peru LNG plant, offshore Marine Terminal and a gas
pipeline connecting the plant to the existing Camisea pipeline (Ref
B). Peru LNG awarded a subcontract for construction of the Marine
Terminal in August. PlusPetrol, Argentine company leading the
original Camisea extraction consortium, will operate the gas fields
in Block 56 that will feed the Peru LNG project. PlusPetrol will
also fractionate the gas liquids from Block 56 along with the
liquids from current operations of Block 88, dividing the liquids
into propane, butane, naphtha and diesel.
¶4. Pluspetrol will pay the GOP a sliding (per external market
indicators) royalty of 30 percent to 38 percent for gas sold to Peru
LNG. Fifty percent of the royalty is earmarked for regional and
municipal governments, and universities of the Cuzco Department (the
"gas canon") and 14.25 percent for the local governments and
universities of the Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Ica, and Lima
departments (through a fund called "FOCAM").
¶5. Note: FOCAM was designed to complement the canon reserved for
extraction area communities, and covers all departments along the
Camisea and Peru LNG pipeline routes. The gas canon is similar to
the mining canon; requirements for use by communities are the same.
The formula is different: the mining canon is paid off income taxes
while the gas canon is based on royalties (and eventually on income
tax after investment is recovered). Camisea Canon and FOCAM funds
transferred by the GOP are already in the millions, which the local
governments have been largely unable to spend for capacity reasons
similar to the situation with the mining canon. End Note.
¶6. Repsol-YPF contracted to purchase the entire Peru LNG output.
Repsol's sales plans are not being formulated in Peru and are still
uncertain, but Mexico and the U.S. West Coast remain logical
destinations per Repsol executives. With President Garcia's recent
political overtures to Chile, LNG export to Chile (small volumes as
demand is not great) is now more conceivable. A new proposed use
for LNG may be within Peru, although the market is comparatively
small. The same 600x compression that makes LNG attractive for the
U.S. market has led the Irradia joint venture to develop a project
to truck or ship LNG to Peru's inland cities. Initial capacity of a
plant will be 150,000 gallons/day with an initial investment of $170
million.
GOP AND MEDIA SUPPORT FOR PERU LNG
-----------------------------------
¶7. President Garcia announced to the press on September 12 his full
support for Peru LNG, saying that if completed on time by 2010, LNG
export will give a strategic push to Peru's economic capacity and
will attract significant investment, foreign and domestic. Garcia
applauded the 600 Peruvian workers laboring at the plant site and
the overall project as proof that international companies have
faith in Peru as a site for investment. Not surprisingly
considering the reputation of Garcia's APRA party for internal
discipline, the rest of the ministries have been supportive. MEM
Vice Minister Pedro Gamio told Econoff September 15 that while the
MEM from top to bottom firmly believes that Peru LNG is an important
and well-planned project, the MEM and its environmental Department
plan to oversee every bit of construction to make sure all
environmental, engineering and social concerns are addressed. The
new president of Environmental Commission CONAM told Econoff on
September 27 that CONAM will take an active role (which it did not
with Camisea) to ensure that environmental concerns are met with
what appears to be a solid, well-planned project.
¶8. Prime Minister (and key APRA official) Jorge del Castillo
continues to fully support Peru LNG. As President of Congress'
Investment Committee, he was instrumental in clearing the way for
Peru LNG project approval during the Toledo Administration, despite
APRA's opposition to Toledo in many areas.
¶9. COMMENT: Garcia's public support tracks with private statements
as reported by our industry and government contacts. While he had
called for "renegotiation" of Camisea contracts, his public and
private remarks were never directed to the 2006 Peru LNG export
deal; Garcia's campaign was directed at ensuring that the domestic
price of Camisea natural gas and gas liquids remained below
international prices. Camisea renegotiation talks are ongoing but
in any event should have no bearing on Peru LNG. END COMMENT.
PUBLIC AND MEDIA REACTION
-------------------------
¶10. Public and media reaction to the Peru LNG project in the wake of
Garcia's September 12 statements have been minimal, in line with the
overall high support that the Peruvian public has of the project.
While the Camisea pipeline contract, as it relates to damage
provisions for rupture, continues to figure in the news, this has
not been cited as a reason to oppose Peru LNG. In the midst of a
steady public campaign by the Garcia administration to address
poverty - in which Peru LNG revenues figure as a funding source,
there has been virtually no criticism of the export project.
¶11. Though the largest Congressional bloc was elected under the
banner of statist candidate Ollanta Humala, who favored national
over foreign investment, Peruvian legislators have not called for
changes to or restrictions on the Peru LNG project.
¶12. Local and international NGOs are critical of Camisea as it
relates to social development for indigenous peoples near the gas
fields and pipeline routes. The IDB held its fourth semi-annual
Camisea public forum in Lima on September 27; while various
consortia and GOP presenters described the Peru LNG project in the
context of the existing Camisea project, none of the many vocal
critics singled out Peru LNG. Econoff discussed with a number of
NGOs the recent letter by several to the IDB, expressing concerns
with Peru LNG. The thrust of NGO concerns are completion of IDB
conditions from its Camisea loan, with the added concerns over the
possibility of future ruptures in the liquids pipeline and
mitigation of any effects in Paracas Bay.
POST ASSESSMENT
---------------
¶13. In the IDB conference, all of the active NGOs appeared willing
to work constructively to make Peru LNG responsive to environmental
and social needs. The IDB has scheduled a further meeting with
interested parties on September 29 in Lima, which Embassy and NGOs
will attend. While none of the NGOs had a firm list of the IDB
Camisea loan conditions that needed completion, we agreed to discuss
this on September 29. It is Post's assessment that NGOs will want to
delay a vote on the IDB Peru LNG loan until satisfied that Camisea
loan conditions have been met; most of conditions deal with
community development.
¶14. The few vocal critics of Peru LNG are fishermen in Paracas Bay
and the Peru LNG site, Pampa Melchorita. The MEM's Environmental
Director and industry representatives told Econoff that these
groups, as well as residents near the Peru LNG site, are seeking
either compensation for claimed loss of revenue or jobs.
REVENUE AND BENEFIT PROJECTIONS
-------------------------------
¶15. Pluspetrol -- the same Argentine firm that operates the
Malvinas gas fields for the Camisea project, and the gas liquids
fractionation plant in Pisco/Paracas Bay - has been drilling since
May. Current estimates - basically agreed upon by industry and the
GOP -- for gas proven reserves in Block 56 and the adjacent Camisea
Block 88 indicate 10.87 trillion cubic feet (tcf), while total
reserves (including probable and possible) are 16.69 tcf in 2005.
These reserves are enough to comfortably cover Peru's future
domestic needs as well as feed the LNG plant for decades; MEM
estimates of domestic demand (which contain the unlikely assumption
that no more hydroelectric plants will be built) are 4.0 tcf for the
next 20 years, while Peru LNG's needs would be 4.2 tcf.
¶16. There are no firm estimates yet for the value of Peru LNG's
plans for community development projects. Peru LNG is reluctant to
quantify projects as negotiations with various government entities
are ongoing. Pluspetrol described on September 27 its community
development activities, but acknowledged to Econoff that the firm
has not done a good job of publicizing them. Econoff pointed out
the continuing need for drinking water, wastewater and sewage
treatment for the Paracas Bay area, and Pluspetrol expressing
willingness to consider such projects, which are in line with
President Garcia's stated priority for water projects. (Note: with
no evidence of negative effects from the marine terminal and
fractionation plant, and significant (but not complete) cleanup of
fishmeal plant effluents, municipal waste remains the major polluter
of Paracas Bay. End Note.)
GOP: 35,000 jobs created
-------------------------
¶17. The MEM confirmed to Econoff that PERU LNG job creation
estimates are reasonable: 35,000 direct and indirect Peruvian jobs
created during construction of the extraction facilities, pipeline,
expansion of the fractionation plant, LNG plant, sea wall and Marine
Terminal. The foregoing estimates do not take into account the
number of government workers who will be engaged in oversight and
development activities, from the Ministries of Economy, Energy,
Health and Transportation, plus their associated sub-agencies. Once
perforation of the Lot 56 fields is completed, there will be very
few additional jobs in the gas extraction and separation facilities,
a positive sign for concerns over non-indigenous workers having
negative effects on local indigenous peoples, some of whom are
arguably in "voluntary isolation" (although this concept is
debated). Many new permanent LNG pipeline maintenance jobs will be
created, as well as the staffing needs for the plant and marine
terminal.
GAS FIELDS IN BLOCK 56
----------------------
¶18. There may be some social impacts on the communities closest to
the Block 56 gas fields, although use of existing nearby separation
and pumping facilities for Peru LNG products will reduce them.
However, with more workers in the area, there is a possibility of
increased communicable diseases. DIGESA, the Ministry of Health's
Inspection Service, is actively involved in monitoring the
situation. DIGESA has not opposed the Peru LNG project, but it has
raised concerns that it will monitor as the gas fields are
developed. The MEM has held over eight workshops and at least one
public hearing has been held (with translators) in the native
communities nearest the Block 56 gas fields.
¶19. At the September 27 meeting, Pluspetrol laid out extensive plans
for augmenting education, health and development support for the
jungle communities, in cooperation with Ministries of Health and
Education programs. While a number of native representatives
criticized the slow pace of community development, most acknowledged
that private industry was making substantial efforts but that the
GOP needed to pay more attention in the entire lower Urubamba River
area to health, education and job creation.
NEW AND EXISITING GAS PIPELINES
-------------------------------
¶20. Peru LNG will use the 32-inch pipeline that runs from the
extraction area to the beginning of the Andes Mountains. The jungle
portion of the pipe was designed so that it could accommodate the
high flows that would eventually be required if more gas was
discovered in block 56 or other nearby blocks. (Note: Petrobras's
Block 58 and Repsol/Burlington-Conoco's Block 57 are also adjacent
to lot 56 and as yet untapped sources of gas. End Note.)
¶21. The Camisea consortium built the first-leg 32-inch pipe so
that operators of future gas exploitation, such as Peru LNG's Block
56 can use the pipeline that is in the most difficult terrain in the
whole route, with no need to create more environmental or social
impacts, nor suffer the risks of shifting terrain that have caused
problems for the liquids pipeline in the same stretch of jungle.
Even so, the Camisea 32-inch jungle gas pipe has never had an
accident. The existing liquids pipeline, which has ruptured, will be
used for Peru LNG liquids, with increased flow.
¶22. Peru LNG will have to build around 400km of new pipeline from
the end of the jungle portion to Pampa Melchorita. Peru LNG's
proposed route for the new pipeline closely parallels the existing
pipeline until it diverts more northerly to reach Pampa Melchorita.
While the environmental concerns of carving a pipeline path over the
Andes are undeniable -- revegetation of the right of way, migration
to the roads created during construction, for example - these are
challenges that can be overcome with proper oversight. It is clear
from Econoff's conversations with Hunt and GOP officials that
criticisms of revegetation efforts by TGP on the Camisea pipeline
have highly sensitized companies to the need to meet these concerns.
Nevertheless, this is an area where the GOP, USG, IDB and NGOs
could work together to make sure it is handled properly.
¶23. Though few concerns have been raised about the planned Peru LNG
gas pipeline, legitimate concerns exist that with a history of
liquids pipeline ruptures, increased flows through it could lead to
more ruptures. It is still premature to ascertain the causes of all
of the five ruptures, with three audits in various stages (the GOP's
independent audit contract was awarded last week). Although the
MEM's September 27 public presentation made clear that most ruptures
are due to weather/topographic pressures on the liquids pipe, there
may have been several defective pipes or welds. There have been no
more ruptures since the March 2006 rupture. We anticipate that the
intense public scrutiny will lead to more ongoing assessment,
rebuilding and rerouting of liquids pipe. The coming rainy season
will be a test of these efforts.
PERU LNG PLANT AND MARINE TERMINAL
----------------------------------
¶24. LABOR: Construction of the plant is on schedule and the
subcontract for construction of the marine terminal was awarded in
August. On an August visit by Treasury officers and Econoff, the
construction site was well excavated and full of vehicles and
workers. The construction site is currently employing 600 local
workers, evenly divided between residents of the two nearest
communities, Chincha and Canete (each around 25 km to the South and
North).
¶25. Past reports of labor issues at the plant (including several
months ago when visiting PDAS was advised not to visit the plant)
were based entirely on rivalry between the two towns. When it was
perceived that Peru LNG had more employees of one town than the
other, the other town organized a protest to disrupt construction
operations until the payroll was balanced. Peru LNG's construction
manager told Econoff that while Peru LNG agreed to hire from both
towns equally, and never intentionally favored one or the other, the
company has learned the hard way to pay close attention to the exact
makeup of the payroll. In addition, the professional employees of
Peru LNG have more or less evenly split their residences between the
two towns, in order to fairly apportion the demand for housing,
goods and services that the Peru LNG outside employees bring to the
area.
¶26. ENVIRONMENT: As with Econoffs earlier visit with regional ESTH
Hub Director in February 2006, the entire Peru LNG property at Pampa
Melchorita (169km South of Lima) is completely barren desert --
waterless and without vegetation. On this visit a group of pelicans
rested on the beach; otherwise there was no evidence of animal life,
including insects. There was an increase in human life surrounding
Peru LNG's property, where there are more shacks (most uninhabited)
erected by speculators. These individuals hope (according to
discussions Econoff has had in the nearby towns of Chincha and
Canete) to benefit when the Plant's construction makes the
surrounding land even more valuable, or they hope to get a job with
the plant builders.
¶27. FISHERMEN: During Econoff's February visit, there was no
evidence of artisanal (small-scale, within 5 nm of shore) fishing
activity. The coast, out to 1000m and beyond is without islands or
underwater topographic relief. During the August visit, fishermen
were visible with regular beach fishing posts spaced out along Peru
LNG's portion of the beach (otherwise on either side no fishermen
were visible). The Peru LNG construction manager stated that the
fishermen were new arrivals and explained that the fishermen now
claimed that these spots marked their traditional fishing grounds.
Peru LNG has chosen not to dispute this, realizing that there will
be compensation claims when the shore facility for the marine
terminal is eventually constructed. (Note: while the science is
debatable, there is a solid argument that the seawall, when
eventually constructed in the otherwise featureless seascape, will
concentrate fish that will use it for shelter, thereby making nearby
fishing more efficient. End Note.)
EXPANSION OF FRACTIONATION PLANT
--------------------------------
¶28. In lat August 2006 Econoff toured Fractionation Plant with
visiting Department of Treasury officers. The PlusPetrol operations
manager showed us the location of the buildings for the expansion.
In order to handle the increased volume of gas liquids that will
come with the increased gas extraction in Block 56, the monthly
liquids flow through the pipes will increase. A second set of
condensing structures will be built on the existing PlusPetrol
property. Flow through the pipes that run from the plant undersea
to the marine terminal will simply increase, so there will be no
need to use larger pipes. There has never been a rupture associated
with these pipes.
¶29. Neither will ship traffic to the marine terminal increase,
according t Pluspetrol whose plan is to have larger ships dock to
transport the liquids products. The PlusPetrol manager explained
during the August 2006 visit that due to a combination of limiting
factors -- the time it takes to dock and undock a ship (only one
ship can dock at a time), the slow 5-knot speed used while in the
bay, the time required to pipe the liquids product aboard and
weather conditions (high waves and the infamous Paracas winds) that
make safe loading operations possible only for part of the day - the
marine terminal cannot easily handle increased ship traffic. (Note:
what has increased substantially is tourist boat traffic, to a
current 50/day. End Note.)
¶30. Econoff and Treasuryoffs also toured TGP's "CityGate" pipeline
terminus 35 km South of Lima, home of the master control center for
both existing pipelines and the distribution point for domestic gas
use in the Lima area. TGP officials said that the increased liquids
flow does not pose appreciable additional threats to the liquids
pipeline integrity, because the rupture issues have been more
involved with earth pressure (landslides) on the pipes, on which the
overall monthly flow has no bearing. The regular valve spacing for
the liquids pipeline means that no matter what the flow is, only a
fixed amount of liquids can spill in a rupture. CityGate will
continue to monitor and control flow through the liquids pipeline as
it handles increased flow from Peru LNG liquids.
COMMENT
-------
¶31. The GOP considers the Peru LNG project a vital component of
efforts to reduce poverty and make Peru a net energy exporter within
four years. We believe Hunt and its partners have learned lessons
from the Camisea experience and will bring high standards to the
project. Nevertheless, some holdover from the Camisea project, and
the inevitable environmental and social sensitivities of a project
that spans so great an area, make it prudent for the USG to monitor,
and recommend that the IDB monitor as part of any loan:
--Camisea liquids pipeline integrity issues;
--Effects on Paracas Bay of expanded fractionation plant and liquids
flow, and liquids shipping;
--Environmental effects of sea wall construction (polluting,
discharges, etc.);
-- social/environmental effects of Block 56 production;
-- restoration/preservation of new pipeline right of way.
¶32. We do not anticipate that problems with any of these items will
cause us to recommend withdrawing full support for the project. We
are rather encouraged by the solid engineering and social
development plans by the consortium. The IDB's posting of an
environmental/gas industry expert to Lima to oversee due diligence
for a Peru LNG loan, and compliance with Camisea loan conditions, is
a welcome development. The indigenous groups, environmental NGOs,
industry representatives and GOP officials all expressed to Econoff,
at the September 27 Camisea meeting, a desire to work together to
make Peru LNG work. While there remain some disgruntled
stakeholders, the Camisea model of public participation, canon/FOCAM
funding mechanism and a separate ombudsman for the project is
arguably a model that could be exported to other sectors in Peru
(like mining) and to other nations with controversial large
projects.
STRUBLE