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Viewing cable 06ADDISABABA2061, ETHIOPIAN PASTORALISTS DISCUSS INTERNAL AND CROSS-

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06ADDISABABA2061 2006-07-26 12:03 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Addis Ababa
VZCZCXRO1612
PP RUEHROV
DE RUEHDS #2061/01 2071203
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 261203Z JUL 06
FM AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 1780
INFO RUCNIAD/IGAD COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RHMFISS/CJTF HOA PRIORITY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 ADDIS ABABA 002061 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
DEPARTMENT FOR AF/E 
DEPARTMENT PASS USAID FOR AFR 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EAGR EAID PGOV PREF ET
SUBJECT: ETHIOPIAN PASTORALISTS DISCUSS INTERNAL AND CROSS- 
BORDER CONFLICTS 
 
REF:  ADDIS ABABA 1939 (NOTAL) 
      ADDIS ABABA 1893 (NOTAL) 
 
1. (U) SUMMARY: From July 16-18, the UN's Office of the 
Coordinator for Humanitarian Activities (UN OCHA) convened 
approximately 300 pastoralists from about 15 West and East 
African countries, as part of UN OCHA's DFID-funded 
Pastoralist Communications Initiative.  The meeting provided 
a platform for significant discussions on the margins 
between the leadership of the Borena and Gujji Oromos, and 
resulted in a separate agreement between opposing Nuer 
communities to continue talks on resolving conflict in 
Ethiopia's Gambella Region.  In addition to conflict 
mitigation, the pastoralist gathering provided as well 
opportunities for cross fertilization of ideas on economic 
development, governance and policy issues, and provision of 
services such as education.  In addition to conflict 
resolution, livestock marketing and trade also were key 
topics of discussion.  END SUMMARY. 
 
2. (U) This was the second pastoralist gathering organized 
by UN OCHA's Pastoralist Communications Initiative.  The 
previous Global Pastoralist Gathering in January 2005 drew 
200 participants from 23 countries, and met in the Hamer 
Tribal area of Turmi, in Ethiopia's Southern Nations, 
Nationalities, and Peoples' Region.  The July 16-18 
gathering was held at a tented camp near Yabello in the 
Borena Oromo area, and also included pastoralist experts, 
NGOs, donors, and observers from Latin America, the Middle 
East and Iran. 
 
3. (U) The timing of the gathering was very relevant, as 
USAID is embarking on a regional program focusing on 
pastoralists, with a component on livestock trade.  In 
addition, after the meeting was planned, a major conflict 
erupted between the Borena people and the neighboring Gujji 
Oromos, costing an estimated 100 or more lives, which 
remains unresolved. 
 
4. (U) The meeting was fully supported by the Ethiopian 
government, which facilitated the entry of participants from 
many countries, and participated with others in the last 
days of the meeting to hear input from pastoralists. 
Federal government representatives included officials from 
the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Federal Affairs, and 
Agriculture, while regional officials included 
representatives from the Oromiya, Somali, and Southern 
Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' (SNNPR) Regions. 
 
----------------------------- 
Livestock Marketing and Trade 
------------------------------ 
 
5. (U) While plenary discussions addressed livelihoods and 
livestock in general, at USAID's request a side meeting was 
held to discuss barriers affecting livestock trade through 
the northern corridor ports of Bosaso (Puntland, Somalia), 
Berbera (Somaliland, Somalia) and Djibouti.  This was a 
unique opportunity to speak collectively to representatives 
of these areas, and to provide input for planning livestock 
marketing under the Regional Enhanced Livelihoods for 
Pastoralist Areas (RELPA) project which will be starting 
soon. 
 
6. (U) Approximately 40 representatives of the Somali- 
speaking areas of Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia (Somaliland 
and Puntland), and Kenya attended a two-and-half-hour-long 
campfire meeting, including three Ministers of Livestock and 
MPs from Ethiopia and Kenya.  Participants said this was the 
first time they had attended a meeting of people from all 
these Somali-speaking areas since Somalia's dissolution more 
than 15 years ago. 
 
7. (SBU) All agreed that the Rift Valley Fever ban on live 
animal imports from the Horn of Africa to Saudi Arabia had 
the biggest impact on reducing prices and volume of trade 
from the ports.   While acknowledging the need for better 
sanitary or phyto-sanitary control and certification, some 
say the continuation of the ban is political: a Saudi prince 
reportedly handles the import of live animals from Australia 
and is preventing the lifting of the Rift Valley Fever ban 
on the Horn of Africa.   They all asked for U.S. help in 
removing the ban and in building sanitary and phyto-sanitary 
capacity.  Many thought Saudi Arabia wanted to re-establish 
imports of sheep and goats from the Horn, and that some 
certification effort would provide the necessary 
justification for imports to resume. 
 
ADDIS ABAB 00002061  002 OF 003 
 
 
 
8. (U) USAID's Regional Livestock Advisor from Nairobi asked 
the group about what they had been doing to modernize and 
improve livestock trade, and their commitment to instituting 
tough veterinary controls to prevent disease transmission. 
The Somalis were challenged by this and asked for help in 
convening a planning session among different stakeholders 
from Djibouti, Somalia (Somaliland and Puntland) and 
Ethiopia to address livestock trade issues.  Various 
officials, including Puntland Minister of Livestock Said 
Jama Ali, strongly advocated USAID supporting such a follow- 
up meeting. 
 
9. (U) At a subsequent meeting with USAID in Addis Ababa, 
Kenya's Director of Livestock Production Mr. Julius 
Kiptarus, who attended the Pastoralist gathering, encouraged 
USAID to assist in removing the barriers to formal cross- 
border trade and improving the veterinary delivery and 
certification services in Ethiopia. 
 
-------- 
Conflict 
-------- 
 
10. (U) The Gujji-Borena Oromo conflict was omnipresent at 
the pastoralist gathering due to its proximity to the 
gathering.  Prolonged and in-depth discussions between Gujji 
and Borena leaders on the margins included the traditional 
heads from both groups, the Abba Gaddas, who discussed the 
causes of the conflict and committed themselves to stopping 
the violence.  'Gathering' organizers reported good 
progress, citing diminishing reports of violent incidents 
and decreasing estimates of IDPs from the conflict.   The 
hope is that traditional conflict management structures can 
be used to resolve the conflict and deal with the underlying 
causes.  Both the Gujji and Borena leadership agreed that 
they felt the "government", even though this was not clearly 
defined, was the problem, and that they should re-establish 
their traditional peaceful relations themselves. 
 
11. (SBU) While the overall assessment is that violence is 
decreasing, some expressed concern that both Abba Gaddas 
were giving lip service to peace while preparing for another 
round of fighting.  The Gujji Abba Gadda, considered to be 
closer to the government, has extended his leadership from 
the normal eight years to another two years (some say 
three), therefore preventing the accession of the leader of 
the next age group for his traditional eight-year term. 
The reason given by the Abba Gadda is that he will deliver a 
new zone to the Gujji: Western Gujji next to the Southern 
Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region, to be carved out 
of the existing Borena Zone.  The conflict was sparked when 
the government awarded Gujji Zone a section of Borena Zone 
in late May.  The Borena Abba Gadda is said to be "angry as 
a lion" and still out for revenge for the killings which 
have taken place so far. 
 
12. (SBU) One possible indicator of the fear of further 
conflict is the movement of Borena Oromos and their Gabbara 
allies further into Kenya, pushed by the conflict and by 
fears of further attacks.  Ethiopian Gabbara were reportedly 
making arrangements at the Pastoralist gathering with their 
fellow Gabbara from Kenya to move into Kenya in large 
numbers to avoid the conflict.  They are said to feel that 
the Borena will lose the upcoming round of conflict with the 
Gujji, because the Gujji have government support.  Movement 
of the Borena and Gabbara into Kenya over the past few weeks 
has caused increased conflict in Kenya:  at USAID, Kenya's 
Director of Livestock reported increased fighting between 
Borena and neighboring people to the south, which would 
worsen as the Borena were pushed down from the north for 
"political" reasons. 
 
13. (U) A great success was bringing together opposing sides 
to discuss conflict in the eastern Gambella Region, between 
the Nuer community living in Gambella and the Nuer community 
in Sudan (whose traditional chief attended).  Positive 
discussions concluded with agreement to continue discussions 
once the groups had returned home.  This is a major factor 
in determining whether the Nuer refugees in Gambella can 
return to Sudan. 
 
14. (U) There was also a great deal of undirected talk about 
the situation in Somalia, including fear that a serious 
civil war may erupt.  There was considerable debate about 
how "fundamentalist" the Islamic Courts are, how much they 
reflect clan structures, and how much support they or the 
 
ADDIS ABAB 00002061  003 OF 003 
 
 
Transitional Federal Government enjoyed. 
 
HUDDLESTON