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Viewing cable 06ABUJA1791, AVIAN FLU: NIGERIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06ABUJA1791 2006-07-12 17:22 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Abuja
VZCZCXRO6896
PP RUEHDU RUEHGI RUEHJO RUEHMA RUEHMR RUEHPA RUEHRN
DE RUEHUJA #1791/01 1931722
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 121722Z JUL 06
FM AMEMBASSY ABUJA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6443
INFO RUEHZO/AFRICAN UNION COLLECTIVE
RUEAUSA/DEPT OF HHS WASHDC
RHFMISS/CDR USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE
RUEHRN/USMISSION UN ROME 0016
RUFOADA/JAC MOLESWORTH RAF MOLESWORTH UK
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RUEKDIA/DIA WASHDC
RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHDC//USDP/ASD-HD//
RUEHPH/CDC ATLANTA GA
RUEHRC/DEPT OF AGRICULTURE WASHDC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 ABUJA 001791 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
USDA FOR FAS/OA, FAS/DLP, FAS/ICD AND FAS/ITP 
USDA FOR APHIS 
USDA FOR WAYNE MOLSTAD/OSEC 
USAID/W FOR AFR/WA ANGELA LOZANO 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: TBIO KFLU EAGR EAID NI AVIANFLU
SUBJECT: AVIAN FLU: NIGERIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 
 
REF:  LAGOS 811 
 
ABUJA 00001791  001.2 OF 002 
 
1. Summary. Information is fragmentary on Nigeria's poultry 
sector.  Chickens constitute more than 95% of Nigeria's 
poultry.  Nigeria has an estimated 150 million birds -- 70 
million on commercial farms and 80 million belonging to 
"informal" or backyard farmers.  The decentralized nature of 
Nigeria's poultry industry has made controlling AI 
difficult.  The GON's delay in adopting a compensation 
policy permitting prompt payments to farmers with AI- 
infected birds means it is small farmers who bear the 
greatest financial loss from birds lost to AI or culling. 
End summary. 
 
2. Nigeria's poultry sector is important to Nigerians 
because of the employment it provides and because eggs and 
poultry meat supply a significant percentage of Nigerians' 
protein.  Representatives of the Poultry Association of 
Nigeria provided some of the following information, but 
statistics and information about Nigeria's poultry industry 
remain fragmentary.  This is especially true because 
"informal" farmers make up a large portion of Nigeria's 
poultry farmers. 
 
3. Nigerian farmers raise guinea fowl, geese, ducks, and 
ostriches, but chickens constitute more than 95% of 
Nigeria's poultry.  Most Nigerian poultry is sold and 
consumed in Nigeria.  The major genetic lines of chickens 
available in Nigeria, and their origin, are:  Loman Brown, 
South Africa and the United States; Nera Black, Israel; ISA 
Brown, the Netherlands; and Shika Brown, National Animal 
Production Research Institute, Zaria, Nigeria. 
 
4. Nigeria has an estimated 150 million birds: 70 million on 
commercial farms and 80 million belonging to "informal" or 
backyard farmers.  Industry sources said about half of 
Nigeria's commercial poultry production came from small- 
scale producers, who have between 100 and 5,000 birds. 
Large-scale poultry production, by farmers with 50,000 or 
more birds, accounted for a little less than 20% of 
Nigeria's commercial output, while medium-scale farmers 
produced the remainder. 
 
5. Close to 80% of Nigeria's total poultry production is 
concentrated in the country's southwest, but production is 
scattered throughout the country.  Poultry products from the 
southwest are transported as far as Abuja, Kaduna, and Kano, 
mainly by car, truck, or bus.  Some companies export to 
neighboring countries, especially the Republic of Benin, 
often informally through Nigeria's relatively porous 
borders. 
 
6. Major distributors buy eggs at farms' gates and transport 
them to major markets in Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja, and 
Nigeria's state capitals.  In the cities, sub-distributors 
sell to retailers.  These retailers range from supermarkets 
to street kiosks.  Some egg producers brand their eggs and 
sell in leading supermarkets. 
 
7. For poultry meat, sellers transport live birds to 
designated markets.  Small producers supply smaller 
customers and local wet markets, which are common and sell 
live birds in an open environment.  Customers slaughter 
their purchases.  Large-scale producers who own processing 
facilities distribute their products through supermarkets 
and retail meat outlets.  Mainly commercial farms supply 
hotels, supermarkets, and restaurants, as well as stores in 
urban centers. 
 
Comment 
------- 
 
8. The decentralized nature of Nigeria's poultry industry 
has made controlling avian influenza (AI) difficult. 
Nigerians' propensity to raise backyard flocks, even in 
cities, increases the risk that AI may be transmitted to 
humans.  The Government of Nigeria's (GON) delay in adopting 
a compensation policy which pays for birds that die as well 
as those culled and which pays promptly, means small farmers 
 
ABUJA 00001791  002.2 OF 002 
 
 
bear the greatest financial loss and have little incentive 
to report outbreaks.  While unofficial (unauthorized) bird 
vaccinations are increasingly common in Nigeria, small 
farmers are least able to pay for inoculations.  Nigeria's 
informal poultry farmers will continue to be a weak link in 
the response to AI until the GON's compensation policy gives 
more consideration to the country's backyard farmers. 
FUREY