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Viewing cable 06NAIROBI1930, USAID ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR MICHAEL HESS

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06NAIROBI1930 2006-05-03 12:58 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Nairobi
VZCZCXYZ0000
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHNR #1930/01 1231258
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 031258Z MAY 06
FM AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
INFO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1449
RUEHDS/AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA 8486
RUEHDJ/AMEMBASSY DJIBOUTI 4170
RUEHBS/AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS 1668
RUEHRO/AMEMBASSY ROME 4906
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 3910
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 6936
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
UNCLAS NAIROBI 001930 
 
SIPDIS 
 
AIDAC AFDROUGHT 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR EPRATT 
USAID/W FOR AA/DCHA, WGARVELINK, LROGERS 
DCHA/OFDA FOR GGOTTLIEB, PMORRIS, CGOTTSCHALK, 
KCHANNELL 
DCHA/FFP FOR JDWORKEN 
AFR/EA FOR JBORNS, KNELSON 
USUN FOR EMALY 
BRUSSELS FOR PLERNER 
ROME FOR FODAG 
GENEVA FOR NKYLOH 
NSC FOR JMELINE, TSHORTLEY 
 
E.O. 12958:  N/A 
TAGS: EAID KE
SUBJECT: USAID ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR MICHAEL HESS 
VIEWS DROUGHT CONDITIONS AND USAID RESPONSE IN KENYA. 
 
 
Summary 
 
1.  From April 7 to 13, Assistant Administrator of the 
USAID Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian 
Assistance (AA/DCHA) Michael E. Hess traveled to Kenya 
to assess the impact of drought and to view USAID 
interventions.  AA/DCHA Hess visited drought-affected 
pastoralists in Mandera District and farmer communities 
in Kitui and Makueni districts.  In discussions with 
community members, government and local officials, and 
humanitarian organizations, AA/DCHA Hess emphasized the 
need to address the structural and chronic causes of 
hunger in Kenya and to identify long-term solutions. 
USAID will continue to monitor the progress of the 
current rainy season and provide appropriate assistance 
to affected populations.  End Summary. 
 
Mandera Pastoralist District 
 
2.  On April 8, AA/DCHA Hess and Nairobi-based USAID 
staff traveled to Mandera District in North Eastern 
Province.  The delegation was accompanied by staff from 
the Government of Kenya Office of the President and the 
U.N. World Food Program (WFP). 
 
3.  Mandera District, in the northeastern corner of 
Kenya bordering Somalia and Ethiopia, is one of the 
hardest hit districts in the current drought.  The area 
is a major marketing center and provides health, 
education, and other services for populations from all 
three countries.  Local communities reported up to 60 
percent of the livestock, primarily cattle, goats and 
sheep, in the district have died from the drought 
conditions.  To address pre-famine conditions, WFP is 
distributing 75 percent rations to approximately 80 
percent of the district's population. 
 
4.  After a courtesy call to the District Commissioner, 
AA/DCHA Hess visited the Mandera town livestock market. 
USAID partner Development Alternatives Incorporated 
(DAI) is implementing a peace-building and conflict- 
resolution activity based at the market that brings 
together a market management committee and local 
leaders from three countries.  AA/DCHA Hess spoke with 
a group of leaders who said that drought conditions are 
the worst in 90 years.  Sales in the livestock market 
have dropped from an estimated 1,500 per day to only 
500 in recent weeks.  The leaders explained that their 
communities are in a perpetual cycle of preparing for 
drought, experiencing drought, or recovering from 
drought, and that competition for resources is ever 
present at all stages of this cycle.  However, this 
year the leaders noted a decrease in the number of 
conflicts that led to violence and credited USAID's 
conflict resolution activities for providing a platform 
in the marketplace to peacefully resolve conflict. 
 
5.  The delegation then visited WFP's food store and 
found hundreds of tons of U.S. and Government of Kenya 
commodities neatly stacked.  WFP officers on the scene 
said that there was enough food for about one month of 
Mandera district?s distribution requirements in the 
warehouse.  However, with the rainy season commencing 
there are concerns that flooded and muddy roads may 
prevent sufficient food quantities from arriving in 
Mandera over the dirt road network in North Eastern 
Province. 
 
6.  Over lunch AA/DCHA Hess met a group of leaders from 
Gedo region, Somalia, who described conditions there as 
precarious.  They continue to experience distress 
 
migration, high losses of livestock with some of the 
most vulnerable households losing up to 100 percent of 
livestock, and limited availability of water and basic 
health and nutrition services. 
 
7.  On the way back to Nairobi the delegation stopped 
in El-Wak, a town on the Somali border, where it had 
rained heavily the night before, bringing relief to the 
drought-stricken area.  Due to the rains, all the 
livestock still alive were out of town taking advantage 
of the standing water in pasture areas.  The delegation 
visited Borehole 11, which was established in the 1970s 
with USAID support in a village approximately 10 km 
from El Wak.  The existence of the borehole has 
attracted hundreds of desperate people living in hovels 
and depending on WFP food for survival. 
 
8.  One woman told AA/DCHA Hess that she had lost all 
her livestock and had migrated to the village with her 
children out of desperation.  When asked if she would 
take up pastoralism again, she said she would if 
animals were provided through a restocking program. 
She also noted that her children had received some 
medical care from outreach workers, and after hearing 
that there was a school feeding program in El Wak that 
she would enroll her children in school.  Other 
households said that they were sharing their rations 
with new arrivals in El Wak. 
 
Kitui and Makueni Agro-Pastoral Districts 
 
9.  From April 9 to 10, AA/DCHA Hess visited drought- 
affected Makueni and Kitui districts accompanied by 
regional USAID management.  The delegation visited 
projects implemented by USAID partners German Agro 
Action (GAA) in Makueni District and Adventist 
Development and Relief Agengy (ADRA) in Kitui District. 
The delegation met with district officials, local 
community leaders, and beneficiaries. 
 
10.  Three weeks of rainfall in the area has improved 
local pasture, recharged natural water points, and 
prompted farmers to plant for the current long rain 
season.  Previous failed rainy seasons caused 
approximately 90 percent of maize crops to fail last 
year, detrimentally affecting food security in the 
region.  Compounding the short-term effects of the 
drought is lack of development assistance provided by 
the central government, which has resulted in the 
general underdevelopment of the districts. 
 
11.  USAID has responded to drought conditions in the 
districts with both food and non food interventions 
since February 2005.  USAID/OFDA provided 1.5 million 
U.S. dollars (USD) through partners GAA and World 
Vision to improve storage capacity and access to water. 
In addition, USAID/FFP supports a multi-year 
Developmental Assistance Program through partner ADRA. 
Approximately 50 percent of the population in Makueni 
and Kitui districts currently receives general rations 
from the USAID-supported U.N. World Food Program (WFP) 
operation. 
 
Water-Harvesting in Makueni District 
 
12.  In Makueni District, AA/DCHA Hess visited three 
examples of USAID/OFDA sustainable drought 
interventions, including rain catchment systems at 
local primary schools, reservoirs and water kiosks in 
local villages, and protected shallow wells.  A cash- 
for-work component attached to each intervention 
 
provides families with immediate relief.  Although 
rains were sporadic in recent years, rains do fall; 
however, the community does not have the ability to 
store rainfall and distribute water. 
 
13.  Since February 2005, GAA has constructed more than 
46 rain catchment systems and shallow wells in Makueni 
District with USAID/OFDA support.  AA/DCHA Hess visited 
examples of 20,000-liter tanks attached to school roof 
catchment schemes that, when filled, can provide water 
to students for up to six months.  Shallow wells are 
protected from livestock and include runoff troughs for 
animal use.  In March 2006, in response to ongoing 
drought conditions, USAID/OFDA awarded GAA an 
additional USD 500,000 to expand programs to the Mtito 
Andea Division in Makueni District. 
 
14.  AA/DCHA Hess congratulated the enthusiastic 
communities on the quality and swift implementation of 
the various projects.  Communities contribute both 
labor and local materials to each project and assume 
managerial control of the projects once completed.  The 
delegation noted that local residents had clearly 
rallied around the interventions in spite of the harsh 
conditions and crop losses experienced over the last 
year.  Communities commented that they felt empowered 
to plan and implement mitigation and developmental 
initiatives for future responses as a result of the 
USAID assistance. 
 
Title II Development Activities in Kitui District 
 
15.  In Kitui District, AA/DCHA Hess visited a Title II 
development activity implemented by ADRA/Kenya.  The 
project is one of five in Kenya aimed at improving 
livelihoods and increasing community capacity to 
prevent and mitigate the effects of weather-related 
disasters.  The multi-year project, from FY 2004 to FY 
2008, reaches approximately 60,000 people at a cost of 
approximately USD 7 million. 
 
16.  AA/DCHA Hess witnessed distribution of corn-soya 
blend (CSB) and vegetable oil to families caring for 
orphaned and vulnerable children, observed an HIV/AIDS 
awareness campaign, and visited 2 of the 140 community 
boreholes constructed through the program.  The 
boreholes aim to reduce the distance women must trek to 
find water. 
 
Conclusions 
 
17.  The start of the long rains in the districts 
visited is not enough to alleviate the immediate 
suffering of the drought-affected pastoralist and agro- 
pastoralist communities.  Continued rainfall is 
critical for full recovery, notably successful harvests 
and revitalized herds. 
 
18.  Emergency drought programming in the region, 
initiated in the fall of 2005, is having a positive 
impact on affected communities in Mandera, Kitui, and 
Makueni districts.  Water, food, health, and livelihood 
interventions by USAID are providing immediate relief, 
though more needs to be done to ensure long-term 
recovery and sustainability. 
 
19. USAID will continue to monitor rainfall and 
humanitarian conditions in Kenya to ensure appropriate 
assistance.  If the current rains continue, USAID 
programming will focus on recovery.  However, if the 
rains fail and humanitarian conditions deteriorate, 
 
USAID will continue to provide emergency assistance to 
affected populations. 
 
BELLAMY