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Viewing cable 06BOGOTA4503, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AT-RISK COMMUNITIES

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06BOGOTA4503 2006-05-22 17:14 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Bogota
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 BOGOTA 004503 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: PGOV EAID CO
SUBJECT: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AT-RISK COMMUNITIES 
 
1. Summary: The GOC is rolling out social services to 
fifty-one municipalities recently liberated from FARC or 
paramilitary influence.  The Plan Colombia initiative 
consists of a five-tiered approach to retaking the territory 
and stabilizing the regional economy around sustainable 
agriculture and the provision of social services.  EconOff 
traveled with Accion Social to observe the roll out of 
economic development assistance in Valledupar.  The 
communities are complex, and building consensus among 
indigenous and local leaders concerning targeted assistance 
requires lengthy consultation and the ability to provide 
creative solutions to meet cultural expectations.  End 
Summary. 
 
---------------------- 
Reclaiming Communities 
---------------------- 
 
2. The GOC created Accion Social and the Center for 
Integrated Action to reclaim and stabilize historically 
at-risk communities against subversive influences, especially 
in areas that have been affected by the conflict with 
Colombia,s illegal armed terrorist groups (FARC, ELN, AUC). 
Soon after President Uribe,s election in 2002, the GOC 
recognized the need to follow-up successful military 
campaigns with social intervention.  This Plan Colombia 
initiative rolls out social services to approximately 1.5 
million Colombians in fifty-one affected municipalities, and 
consists of a five-tiered approach toward securing and 
stabilizing affected regions. 
 
Tier 1   Control of territory, remove organized crime and 
drug-trafficker influence 
Tier 2   Deliver humanitarian assistance and reactivate 
social network 
Tier 3   Develop economic activities and connect with viable 
supply-chain 
Tier 4   Strengthen formal justice service and develop 
alternative conflict resolution 
Tier 5   Development of social activities, sports and 
renovate local customs 
 
------------------------------ 
U.S. Assistance to the Program 
------------------------------ 
 
3.  In 2004, during the early stages of the program, the 
Department of Defense sponsored GOC travel to the U.S. to 
learn about consensus building, delivering assistance to high 
risk communities, and maximizing international humanitarian 
aid programs for support of displaced families.  In addition, 
through 2004 and 2005, DOD provided a combined USD 2.8 
million in funding for infrastructure projects and medical 
supplies in support of this initiative.  Infrastructure 
projects have ranged from the construction of schools and 
hospitals to paving of roads connecting affected areas to 
main economic centers.  The medical supplies have been used 
for emergency and triage treatment for civilian populations 
immediately following military action. 
 
4.  USAID also contributes to the program, especially in the 
tier four- strengthening the rule of law and alternative 
conflict resolution.  Throughout Colombia, USAID has 
constructed forty-three Jutice Houses (Casas de Justicia). 
These are multi-agency service centers that facilitate 
community access to justice, dispute resolution, 
psycho-social support and other services provided by 
national, municipal, university, and community justice 
partners.  USAID has also trained Justice House staff and 
supported community-initiated conflict resolution 
initiatives, such as preventing violence against youth.  In 
addition, USAID has trained and certified over 2,100 
conciliators who contribute to strengthening community 
co-existence and access to justice.  USAID has contributed 
USD 153,000 for the establishment of two Justice Houses in 
Valledupar, serving approximately 70,000 residents. 
 
-------------------- 
Economic Development 
-------------------- 
 
5.  Accion Social is responsible for the tier three economic 
development activities through coordinated interventions in 
each of the fifty-one municipalities.  These interventions 
are financed through a USD 45 million budget, including some 
humanitarian assistance from the U.S. Department of Defense. 
The goal of the interventions is to assess the comparative 
advantage of each region and focus local leaders on measures 
to enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the 
community,s key economic outputs.  Interventions begin with 
consultations to allow the community to identify which 
pre-existing agricultural activities can be converted to 
efficient production.  As communities work to convert these 
activities (i.e. replace old coffee trees), families are 
taught subsistence farming and given seeds and chickens to 
last them until their new crops or activities generate a 
return.  Secondary benefits of these interventions include 
building community support for alternative development apart 
from illicit crops, the return of internally displaced people 
to their lands, capital improvements made to fertile lands, 
and whenever possible, the development of small-scale 
manufacturing. 
 
The following are examples of regional economic development 
activities and the number of families these activities are 
expected to support. 
 
ZONE        ECONOMIC ACTIVITY                        FAMILIES 
--------------------------------------------- ----------------- 
Arauca      Dairy, Meat, Cacao                        1,300 
 
Choco       Rice, Plantain, Fruits, Hard woods        2,330 
Catatumbo   Onion, Cacao, Sugar, Beans, Tourism       8,003 
Cauca       Plantain, Cacao, Exotic Fruits              772 
Valledupar  Coffee, Sugar Cane, Handicrafts           1,020 
Tumaco      Cacao, African Palm, Fishing              4,740 
South       Cattle, Wood Work, Exotic Fruits, Flowers   969 
 
---------------------- 
VALLEDUPAR CASE STUDY 
---------------------- 
 
6. On May 8th EconOff traveled with the GOC to Valledupar to 
observe the roll-out of Accion Social,s tier three economic 
development program.  Valledupar is the largest of three 
municipalities located in the Cesar Department where the 
Kankuamo, Kogi, Arwaco and Wiwa Indian tribes reside. 
Historically, this region has struggled under violent 
influence of the FARC and AUC paramilitary groups.  The 
intervention began with a series of consensus-building 
meetings among leaders and members of the community 
concerning which agro-industry would bring economic 
self-sufficiency to the region.  During the visit, the GOC 
presented the results of economic assessments on coffee, 
sugar cane, exotic fruits, and livestock.  The community 
selected coffee and sugar cane as the region,s principal 
activities.  GOC experts highlighted traditional handicrafts 
as a potential supplemental source of income. 
 
------------------ 
COMMUNITY RESPONSE 
------------------ 
 
7.  The local indigenous tribes responded very differently to 
the economic development program.  The Kankuamos, who were 
the principal recipients of the program, did not empower 
their representative to the meetings with the authority to 
allocate funds or accept the assistance.  They were unwilling 
to reveal their available cash-flow and resisted the idea of 
organizing the women into a weaver,s cooperative.  The 
tribal-leader did not attend the meetings or respond to phone 
calls during the visit.  When the Wiwa Indians, the Kogi, and 
the Arwacos were contacted in a separate meeting, their 
leadership immediately made themselves available for 
consultation.  During these consultations, the leaders agreed 
to contribute 10 percent of their total annual budget and 
promised to seek further financing.  The leaders of these 
groups expressed appreciation for the agricultural assistance 
as well as support for the commercialization of their 
handicrafts. 
 
------- 
COMMENT 
------- 
 
8.  The GOC,s national focus on agriculture as the primary 
vehicle of economic development in these affected regions is 
a short-term fix, but lacks the long-term vision needed to 
significantly reduce poverty in Colombia,s rural areas. 
Intervention-related job training to workers through SENA 
(the GOC,s national apprenticeship agency) is geared 
primarily to small-scale agro-industry and does not prepare 
workers for other opportunities.  Initial reports from the 
fifty-one communities involved in this project show affected 
communities support the immediate use of the region,s human 
capital in traditional industries, mainly agriculture.  The 
distribution of land is a primary concern, however, and the 
GOC has not developed a targeted process to utilize land 
seized from demobilized former paramilitary groups in the 
roll out of these agricultural initiatives.  In any event, 
the long-term economic viability of traditional agriculture 
in these areas remains in doubt. 
WOOD