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Viewing cable 06TOKYO2031, RECORD INDUSTRY WORRIES ON IP MULTICAST

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06TOKYO2031 2006-04-14 06:59 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Tokyo
VZCZCXYZ0010
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHKO #2031/01 1040659
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 140659Z APR 06
FM AMEMBASSY TOKYO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0982
INFO RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
UNCLAS TOKYO 002031 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR EAP/J, EAP/EP, EB/TPP/MTA/IP 
EAP/J PLEASE PASS TO USTR Meyers, USPTO Keplinger, LOC 
Poor 
 
SIPDIS 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KIPR ECON JP
SUBJECT:  RECORD INDUSTRY WORRIES ON IP MULTICAST 
COPYRIGHTS 
 
REF: Ereshefsky e-mails 4/13 and 4/14/06 
 
1.  This is an action request please see paragraph 8. 
 
2.  SUMMARY:  Three Japanese government working groups 
are addressing copyright issues for IP multicasting and 
are leaning towards adopting a change that would probably 
eliminate the ability of the U.S. recording industry to 
retain its rights in the re-transmission of programs via 
multicasting, by treating multicasting the same as 
broadcasting and cable.  The multicasting providers (see 
definition for IP multicast at end of cable) are pushing 
for this as a way to remove what they say is the onerous 
burden of obtaining copyrights clearances for their 
programs.  Industry tells us that the Cabinet's 
Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters (IPSH) is 
aggressively pushing for this change because the telecoms 
companies have convinced them that the change is 
necessary to open the way for IP (Internet Protocol) 
broadcasting, part of the much-anticipated convergence of 
communications and the internet.  Although this problem 
may not cause big losses for the recording industry in 
the short term because multicasting is still small and 
they do not make much under current broadcasting and 
cable rules, there is the potential for losing control 
over digital copies in the future.  As changes are due to 
be drafted by May 30, USG must decide quickly if and how 
it wishes to respond. 
End Summary 
 
3.  The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) 
explained in a meeting on April 12 that the change that 
IPSH, Agency for Cultural Affairs (ACA aka Bunkacho), and 
Ministry of Communications and Internal Affairs (MIC) 
working groups are studying would permit the same 
treatment under copyright law for "interactive 
transmission" including simulcast, webcast, and IP 
multicasting, as that which currently applies to 
broadcasting (terrestrial or satellite TV, radio) and 
cablecast.  Whereas sound-recordings used in multicasting 
now have exclusive rights over (a) re-transmission of 
broadcast, (b) use of records in original programs, and 
(c) ephemeral recordings, these would be reduced to only 
a right of remuneration, paid after transmission for (b). 
However, RIAJ pointed out, only Japanese domestic 
recordings, and not the U.S. repetoire, would be eligible 
for the remuneration right because the United States is 
not a party to the Rome Convention. 
 
4.  RIAJ has been defending the recording industry 
position in meetings with the working groups, arguing 
that the problem can be resolved without resorting to a 
change in the copyright law.  In order to address the 
complaints about a cumbersome rights clearance process 
for the multicasting companies (2 NTT subsidiaries, KDDI, 
and BB Yahoo) RIAJ is rushing to launch a collective 
licensing system in May which will include all kinds of 
performers, musicians, and actors.  However, RIAJ says 
that it is not optimistic about turning the proposal 
around because IPSH and the broadcasters responded in 
meetings that even the new collective licensing system 
will not be able to cover all domestic and international 
repertoire.  RIAJ is also studying whether or how the 
change would be in violation of international treaties. 
 
5.  At this point, the Agency for Cultural Affairs told 
RIAJ, there are still three options on the table for the 
treatment of recordings, of which only the first option 
appears to be acceptable to U.S. industry: 
 
(1)  Retaining the current system for multicasting which 
recognizes the "right of making available", (which the 
Japanese call the "right of making transmittable") using 
the new collective licensing system. 
 
(2) Change from the current system for multicasting to 
the cable casting rules, but with no rights for re- 
transmission. 
 
(3) Change to the cablecasting rules but retaining the 
right of remuneration for re-transmission (which U.S. 
industry would not be able to claim.) 
 
6.  RIAJ said that the cable industry, which wants to 
ward off competition from multicasting, supports their 
position on the issue, but the recording industry is 
otherwise isolated because other rights holders, such as 
authors, will retain their rights.  RIAJ felt that IPSH 
and MIC have been pressured by broadcasters and telecoms 
companies and have decided it is more important to 
facilitate development of new types of broadcasting. 
ACA's position is neutral because it is more attuned to 
the concerns of the rights holders.  This whole debate is 
arising now because the GOJ has decided to shift all 
terrestial TV to digital TV by 2011 and, in order to 
resolve reception problems in some areas, to promote re- 
transmission of digital TV over IP multicasting over DSL 
or FTTH (optical fiber-to-the-home). 
 
7.  It is difficult for the Embassy to assess what impact 
the proposed change would have on the recording industry 
and what losses it might suffer.  Under current Japanese 
law, the U.S. recording industry has full rights in 
multicasting -- which is not yet very widespread -- but 
gets little or nothing from broadcasts or cablecasts. 
Moreover, currently IP multicasting uses set-top boxes 
which do not allow for digital copying.  However, this is 
expected to change in the near future and RIAJ fears it 
will become easy for IP multicast providers to launch 
sound-recording streaming which will not be covered by 
exclusive rights.  This would enable massive digital 
piracy ("stream ripping") and leave open the ability to 
make massive "ephemeral recordings" (a form of temporary 
copy that is kept in the webcaster's server to transmit 
sound recordings.) 
 
8.  ACA is scheduled to draft its recommendations by May 
30.  After a report is drafted in June there will be a 
call for public comments mid-June to mid-July.  The plan 
is have a draft law to submit to the Diet in the Fall. 
Embassy will be meeting with ACA shortly to find out more 
about the proposed changes in the law.  Embassy would 
like to discuss the issue with the three 
ministries/agencies involved (IPSH, MIC, Bunkacho) as 
soon as possible and would appreciate comments, analysis, 
and talking points from interested USG agencies on this 
issue. 
 
9.  Note on IP Multicasting:  IP multicasting differs 
from the usual point-to-point internet streaming in which 
the ISP provides service to individual users and requires 
huge bandwidths.  IP Multicast is a bandwidth-conserving 
technology that reduces traffic by simultaneously 
delivering a single stream of information to thousands of 
recipients in a local or wide-area network 
 
SCHIEFFER