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Viewing cable 06SAOPAULO449, FEDERAL DEPUTY GREEHALGH SHARES VIEWS ON ELECTION CAMPAIGN,
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| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06SAOPAULO449 | 2006-04-28 18:30 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Sao Paulo |
VZCZCXRO8655
PP RUEHRG
DE RUEHSO #0449/01 1181830
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 281830Z APR 06
FM AMCONSUL SAO PAULO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 4932
INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 6073
RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 2183
RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION 2525
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 0259
RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA 0942
RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO 1932
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ 2738
RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 1674
RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 7033
RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 2875
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RHMFISS/CDR USSOUTHCOM MIAMI FL
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC 2389
RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 SAO PAULO 000449
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
NSC FOR CRONIN
STATE PASS USTR FOR SULLIVAN/LEZNY
DEPT OF TREASURY OASIA, DAS LEE AND FPARODI
USDOC FOR 4332/ITA/MAC/WH/OLAC/SHUPKA
USDOC ALSO FOR 3134/USFCS/OIO/EOLSON/DANDERSON
STATE PASS EXIMBANK
STATE PASS OPIC FOR DMORONESE, NRIVERA, CMERVENNE
DOL FOR ILAB MMITTELHAUSER
SOUTHCOM FOR POLAD
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PGOV PINR PHUM ELAB EAGR BR
SUBJECT: FEDERAL DEPUTY GREEHALGH SHARES VIEWS ON ELECTION CAMPAIGN,
LULA'S PREDICAMENT, CAMPAIGN FINANCE COMPLEXITIES, CELSO DANIEL
CASE, AND MORE
REF: (A) BRASILIA 727 AND PREVIOUS;
(B) SAO PAULO 316; (C) 05 BRASILIA 387;
(D) 04 SAO PAULO 379;(E) 02 SAO PAULO xxx
(F) BRASILIA 813; (G) SAO PAULO 332
SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED - PLEASE PROTECT ACCORDINGLY.
-------
SUMMARY
-------
¶1. (SBU) In a ninety-minute breakfast meeting with Consulate
representatives, Federal Deputy Luiz Eduardo Greenhalgh (PT-SP)
offered his insights on a number of current political issues. He
said President Lula faces a tough fight for re-election and is
concerned about his prospects in populous Sao Paulo state, which
Greenhalgh characterized as "enemy territory." For this reason, Lula
is promoting the Workers Party (Party dos Trabalhadores - PT)
gubernatorial candidacy of Senator Aloisio Mercadante over that of
former Mayor Marta Suplicy in the hope that, even if he doesn't win,
the popular Mercadante can provide Lula with reverse coattails.
Greenhalgh expressed concern over Lula's lack of a government
program and especially his increasing isolation as more of his
friends and party colleagues leave government due to either scandal
or re-organization or both. Lula has become dependent on several
key advisors from Rio Grande do Sul state.
¶2. (SBU) The one piece of good news for Lula is that the opposition
candidate, Geraldo Alckmin, has so far not resonated with voters,
giving Lula some breathing room. The major third party, the PMDB,
remains hopelessly divided over whether or not to run a presidential
candidate, and, if so, who. Party leadership is doing everything
possible to avoid a run by populist Rio de Janeiro former Governor
Anthony Garotinho. If elected to a second term, Greenhalgh
predicted, Lula would continue his orthodox macro-economic policies
but would increase the emphasis on education and devote more
resources to it.
¶3. (SBU) In assessing his party's prospects, Greenhalgh estimated
that the PT will probably win about 60 (out of a possible 513) seats
in the federal Chamber of Deputies, down from its current 89. The
PT continues to struggle to recover from the ongoing political
scandal (ref A). END SUMMARY.
------------------------
WHITHER LULA AND THE PT?
------------------------
¶4. (U) Federal Deputy Luiz Eduardo Greenhalgh, a founder and
long-standing prominent member of President Lula's PT from Sao
Paulo, invited Deputy Principal Officer (DPO), Poloff, and Political
Assistant to breakfast at his apartment near downtown Sao Paulo.
Also present was Sister (Congregation of the Holy Cross) Michael
Mary Nolan, an AMCIT human rights advocate and partner in
Greenhalgh's law firm who has lived and worked in Brazil since 1968,
and the Deputy's secretary and political assistant, Miraci Astun.
Congressman Greenhalgh, in a relaxed and talkative mood, began by
sharing "war stories" of his days as a human rights advocate under
the military dictatorship.
¶5. (SBU) When talk turned to the current political situation,
Greenhalgh, an influential "petista" (PT member) who narrowly missed
being elected in February 2005 to the Presidency of the federal
Chamber of Deputies (see ref C), and serves as his party's deputy
SAO PAULO 00000449 002 OF 006
leader in the Chamber, provided a sober assessment of the PT's
prospects. The PT, he averred, will probably end up with
approximately 60 seats (out of 513) in the Chamber of Deputies, down
from its current 89. The scandal has obviously alienated many
voters. Lula's re-election is by no means assured. He is fighting
hard now because he's under attack from the opposition, and he needs
to demonstrate his legitimacy as a political leader and statesman
and protect his legacy. Lula loves to campaign, Greenhalgh
observed, and relishes the opportunity to "make them swallow him," a
reference to the elites who despise Lula (and the feeling is
mutual). But neither Lula nor his government has any program or any
new ideas, Greenhalgh confided; since the scandal broke in May 2005,
the government has been paralyzed, as, he acknowledged, the Congress
has also, its time taken up entirely by the work of the various
investigative committees (CPIs).
¶6. (SBU) What's worse, Greenhalgh continued, Lula is increasingly
isolated. He is suffering from the "lonely at the top" syndrome.
Most of his old party friends are gone, victims of the scandals or
of one reshuffling or another. Former Chief of Staff Jose Dirceu
was never a close personal friend, but he was an effective political
ally, confidant, and enforcer. Former Finance Minister Antonio
Palocci, on the other hand, was a good friend from his days as Mayor
of Ribeirao Preto (interior of Sao Paulo state), and both his
personal counsel and his political and financial acumen are sorely
missed. In the entire Executive Branch, only two close friends of
Lula remain on the job: Luiz Dulci, Secretary General of the
Presidency, and Gilberto Carvalho, Lula's personal secretary. Lula
is now the captive of the "Republic of Rio Grande do Sul," led by
current Chief of Staff Dilma Roussef and new political coordinator
(and former Education Minister) Tarso Genro. If elected to a second
term, Greenhalgh ventured, Lula would probably continue with the
same economic policies he has pursued to date, but would try to make
education the focus of his government's efforts to redress Brazil's
social and economic inequality.
----------------------------------------
CELSO DANIEL'S MURDER WAS A COMMON CRIME
----------------------------------------
¶7. (SBU) Poloff observed that even Gilberto Carvalho's continued
government service may be in question, as major national media
continue to link him to an alleged cover-up of the January 2002
kidnapping and murder of Santo Andre Mayor (and Lula presidential
campaign coordinator) Celso Daniel (refs D-E). Carvalho has had to
testify before the parliamentary committee investigating
irregularities in bingo operations and other forms of municipal
corruption ("the Bingoes CPI"). Both Greenhalgh and Nolan were
quick to insist that these allegations were false, that Carvalho was
a serious, devout person innocent of wrongdoing, and that the
media's coverage of the Daniel murder was wide of the mark.
Greenhalgh, who in his role as Federal Deputy was intimately
involved in the investigation, offered his ten-minute account of
what really happened. It was a common crime. Yes, there were
credible allegations of municipal corruption in Santo Andre (one of
the "ABC" industrial suburbs south of Sao Paulo, where the PT is
strong) involving Daniel's friend and former bodyguard, Sergio Gomes
da Silva, aka Sombra, and yes, Daniel was dining with "Sombra" right
before he was kidnapped, so it was inevitable that media and others
would connect the murder with political corruption, but there was no
factual basis for so doing. In Greenhalgh's version, the criminal
gang that picked Daniel up off the street panicked when they
realized they had a VIP on their hands; some wanted to let him go,
but others, fearing he could reveal the identity of his captors,
SAO PAULO 00000449 003 OF 006
insisted he be eliminated, and so he was. Greenhalgh claimed to be
one of the first to see the body, and, based on his long experience
in human rights cases, could swear that Daniel had not/not been
tortured, despite allegations to the contrary. He had met many
times with members of the Daniel family, including his brothers Juan
Francisco and Bruno, who he said at first appeared to accept the
police's "common crime" theory but who now insist that the murder
and cover-up were carried out by elements of the PT at the
instigation of Jose Dirceu.
-----------------
THE OPPOSITION...
-----------------
¶8. (SBU) Returning to the current political scene, Greenhalgh noted
that Lula had at least one piece of good luck: the campaign of his
opponent, Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) candidate and
former Sao Paulo Governor Geraldo Alckmin, had not yet taken off,
and Lula retained a considerable lead in the polls. In fact,
Greenhalgh opined, if Alckmin doesn't show some tangible improvement
soon, the PSDB leadership may remove him as their candidate and
designate former Sao Paulo Mayor (and current gubernatorial
candidate) Jose Serra their nominee. There is time enough: party
conventions are held in June, and the candidate doesn't have to
register until late June. Unlike others we have spoken to,
Greenhalgh believes Serra would be tougher for Lula to defeat than
Alckmin. (Comment: He may also hope the PSDB removes Serra from the
gubernatorial campaign, making it more plausible for a PT candidate
to win. End comment.)
-------------------------------
...AND THE INFERNAL THIRD PARTY
-------------------------------
¶9. (SBU) Then, of course, there remained the question of what the
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) was going to do. The
PMDB was "our original sin," lamented Greenhalgh, referring to the
fact that the PMDB had evolved out of the Brazilian Democratic
Movement (MDB), the legal opposition to the 1964-85 dictatorship,
and almost all working politicians over the age of about 40 (except
maybe some die-hard Communists and some supporters of the military
regime) had started out in either the MDB and PMDB. The party
remains hopelessly divided over whether or not to run its own
presidential candidate, and, if so, who. The party leadership
remains united in its profound wish that former Rio de Janeiro
candidate Anthony Garotinho not be their standard-bearer. (Comment:
One has to wonder why the PMDB accepted him into its ranks after he
defected from the Socialist Party. End Comment.) Recently, Jose
Dirceu had met with PMDB former (1992-94) President Itamar Franco,
reportedly at Lula's behest, to offer him the Vice-Presidential
candidacy in a PT-PMDB alliance. But this was a Dirceu "rogue
operation," asserted Greenhalgh, which in the end hadn't worked,
since Franco had declared his presidential candidacy instead. The
purpose of a Franco run for President was to block Garotinho, a
worthy goal in Greenhalgh's view, but the danger was that it might
be too successful; an Itamar Franco presidential candidacy that
showed any sign of viability would be a nightmare for the entire
nation. In fact, Franco is more interested in running for the
Senate from his home state of Minas Gerais than for the Presidency,
but if his Presidential candidacy should take off, as it might, the
country will be in trouble.
-----------------------------------
SAO PAULO STATE GOVERNOR'S RACE HAS NATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
SAO PAULO 00000449 004 OF 006
-----------------------------------
¶10. (SBU) Poloff inquired into the PT's handling of the campaign for
Governor of Sao Paulo. The PT has scheduled a primary for May 7.
Two candidates - Senator Aloisio Mercadante, the government's leader
in the Senate, and former Sao Paulo Mayor Marta Suplicy - are
running. There once was a third candidate, Federal Deputy Joao
Paulo Cunha, a former President of the Chamber of Deputies, but he
withdrew some time back due to his involvement with the "mensalao"
(political bribery) scandal. The Chamber recently voted (ref A) not
to expel him and deprive him of his political rights for eight
years, despite the evidence against him, but federal prosecutors
have built a strong criminal case against him. Nevertheless, he
remains a power in the party in this state. According to
Greenhalgh, President Lula was initially inclined to let Marta
Suplicy and Mercadante work out their differences. Suplicy is very
strong in the city of Sao Paulo; Mercadante is strong in the
interior of the state. The periphery of greater Sao Paulo, the
industrial suburban belt, is up for grabs. Then Lula recalled what
had happened in the February 2005 election for President of the
Chamber. Greenhalgh should have been the easy winner, since his
party had the largest bloc in the Chamber, and tradition favored
letting them have their choice. But Virgilio Guimaraes, another
"petista," had entered the race, splitting the vote and paving the
way to victory for Severino Cavalcanti of the Progressivist Party
(PP). A member of the Chamber's so-called "lower clergy,"
ineffective and not well respected, Cavalcanti had presided over a
period of Congressional lethargy and was then forced to resign in
September 2005 over allegations that he extorted bribes from a
restaurateur who had a contract with the Chamber.
¶11. (SBU) To avoid another fiasco involving a PT split vote, Lula
interceded. Aware that Marta Suplicy has high negative numbers and
would be a divisive figure as a candidate - she would be much better
as Vice-Governor, or as a Federal Deputy, Greenhalgh said - he put
the word out that he favored Mercadante. At least one peripheral
community, Osasco, west of the city, where Cunha holds sway,
publicly switched its support from Suplicy to Mercadante.
Guarulhos, another city on the outskirts, remains a battleground, as
do Santo Andre and Diadema. Lula understands, Greenhalgh stressed,
that no PT candidate is likely to win as long as Jose Serra is the
PSDB candidate for Governor, but the popular, respected Mercadante
can bring in a lot of votes for Lula in the Presidential election,
votes badly needed in "enemy territory," as Greenhalgh characterized
Sao Paulo state, where the PSDB has a strong base. The state, which
has 23 percent of Brazil's population, is absolutely critical.
¶12. (SBU) The electoral campaign at state level also remains hostage
to the whims of PMDB state chairman (and former Governor) Orestes
Quercia. Often touted as a gubernatorial candidate, one who was
leading in the polls until Serra entered the race, Quercia would
actually prefer to be a Senator. He wants to make an alliance with
the PT, but the negotiations are not going well. He may end up in
an alliance with the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) in which the
President of the Chamber of Deputies, Aldo Rebelo (PCdoB-SP), would
run for Governor. But the incumbent Senator, Eduardo Suplicy (PT),
Marta Suplicy's ex-husband, remains a formidable opponent.
¶13. (U) Greenhalgh said he expected that the PT's "National
Encounter," which is taking place in Sao Paulo April 28-30, would
be, as always, somewhat contentious as militants argues over the
platform, but he believes that the party will nevertheless remain
united, and even the disaffected leftist will strongly support
Lula's re-election. They remain disappointed with his orthodox
SAO PAULO 00000449 005 OF 006
macroeconomic policy, but they recognize that a Lula second term
offer the best hope for combating inequality and advancing social
justice. (NOTE: Post was invited to send representatives to observe
the Encounter, and had planned to do so, but was advised April 26 by
the PT Secretariat for International Relations (SRI) that the party
had decided to hold a closed, "Members only" encounter, and that
there was no room for observers. END NOTE.)
------------------------------------
"CAIXA DOIS" - ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL
------------------------------------
¶14. (SBU) DPO inquired into the mechanics of campaign financing.
Greenhalgh replied that in his last race for Deputy, he had formally
declared expenditures of 600,000 reais (about USD 250,000). This
had come from individual contributions and from businesses. But
many businesses were reluctant to appear on contributor lists, so
they make their donations in kind, in the form of various services
(e.g., transportation, printing flyers, etc.) to the campaign.
Thus, Greenhalgh estimated that his actual campaign expenditures
were closer to 720,000 reais. When he declared the 600,000, he
said, people commented on how high it was, but that only lasted a
day or two. By making such a plausible declaration, so close to the
truth, he had effectively immunized himself against accusations of
campaign finance irregularities. In short, it was true, as Lula and
other defenders of the PT had asserted during the scandal, that
"everyone practices Caixa Dois," the collection and use of
unreported, off-the-books campaign funds. But there are ethical and
unethical ways of doing it, Greenhalgh insisted, fiction and
non-fiction. Some Federal Deputies from Sao Paulo report, with a
straight face, total campaign expenditures of 150,000 reais (USD
70,000), a sum of money that "could not get you elected city
councilman in Itagui," as Greenhalgh put it, when they no doubt
raised and spent three times that amount.
---
MST
---
¶15. (SBU) DPO inquired into the PT position on recent activity by
the Landless Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra - MST),
which has been engaged recently in increasingly confrontational land
invasions and property destruction (refs F-G). Greenhalgh noted
that his law firm represents MST (as well as various other social
movements and leftist publications), including leaders Joao Pedro
Stedile and Jose Rainha, and he has a long relationship with the
group and a policy of never criticizing them publicly. However, he
had departed from that policy after MST's March 8 assault on the
Aracruz cellulose plant in Rio Grande do Sul, which resulted in a
reported USD 400,000 worth of damage. He said he had issued a
statement to the effect that such disrespect for the rule of law was
unacceptable, and that MST needed to reassess its tactics.
Greenhalgh's view is that although MST generally operates under the
influence of the PT, in some places and circumstances Senator
Heloisa Helena's breakaway Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)
controls the movement. He suggested that PSOL rather than the PT
was to blame for MST's recent confrontational and violent actions.
-------
COMMENT
-------
¶16. (SBU) Greenhalgh is a serious politician with strong human
rights credentials, but he is not universally admired. He has
SAO PAULO 00000449 006 OF 006
himself been accused of corruption while serving as Vice-Mayor of
Sao Paulo in the administration of PT Mayor Luiza Erundina
(1989-92). He has also been widely criticized by both the PSDB and
some Sao Paulo state investigators for leading what some have called
a white-wash effort by the PT in the Celso Daniel murder case. That
said, his insights into the problems of his party, and Lula's
problems, are especially penetrating and relevant as the campaign
draws nearer. End Comment.
¶17. (U) This cable has been coordinated/cleared with Embassy
Brasilia.
MCMULLEN