Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 06NAIROBI1805, BOREHOLE INTEGRITY IN KENYA'S WAJIR DISTRICT

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #06NAIROBI1805.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06NAIROBI1805 2006-04-26 11:53 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Nairobi
VZCZCXYZ0016
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHNR #1805/01 1161153
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 261153Z APR 06
FM AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1276
RUEHDS/AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA 8457
RUEHDJ/AMEMBASSY DJIBOUTI 4145
RUEHBS/AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS 1655
RUEHRO/AMEMBASSY ROME 4890
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA 3889
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 6925
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
UNCLAS NAIROBI 001805 
 
SIPDIS 
 
AIDAC AFDROUGHT 
 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR EPRATT 
USAID/W FOR AA/DCHA, WGARVELINK, LROGERS 
DCHA/OFDA FOR GGOTTLIEB, PMORRIS, CGOTTSCHALK, 
KCHANNELL 
DCHA/FFP FOR JDWORKEN 
AFR/EA FOR JBORNS, KNELSON 
USUN FOR EMALY 
BRUSSELS FOR PLERNER 
ROME FOR FODAG 
GENEVA FOR NKYLOH 
NSC FOR JMELINE, TSHORTLEY 
 
E.O. 12958QN/A 
TAGS: EAID KE
SUBJECT:  BOREHOLE INTEGRITY IN KENYA'S WAJIR DISTRICT 
 
 
Summary 
 
1.  Boreholes, pumping water from depths of 200 meters, 
are critical in sustaining pastoralists and livestock 
in Kenya?s arid Wajir District.  Pumps have been 
operating continuously during the last six-month dry 
period and their mechanical integrity is now 
questionable.  Exhausted generators, broken pipes, and 
collapsed storage tanks characterize most of the sites, 
which receive little support from government or 
resource poor communities.  Rehabilitation of wells is 
necessary to reduce the high likelihood of failure due 
to mechanical breakdowns.  USAID/OFDA recommends 
rehabilitation interventions at five strategic 
locations in Wajir District to mitigate a humanitarian 
decline if the current rains are poor, and during 
future dry periods.  End Summary. 
 
USAID Assessment Trip 
 
2.  From April 14 to 17, USAID/OFDA Regional Advisor, 
USAID/OFDA Agriculture and Food Security Advisor, and 
USAID/FFP Desk Officer traveled to Garissa and Wajir 
districts in northeastern Kenya.  USAID/OFDA partner 
CARE, which currently implements drought interventions 
in Garissa District, hosted the delegation.  The team 
visited several boreholes and discussed the impact of 
the drought with affected pastoralist populations.  A 
separate cable will present the team's findings 
regarding pastoralist livelihood and food security. 
 
3.  An estimated 60,000 pastoralists and their animals 
live in the part of southern Wajir District visited by 
the team.  The area is a central transit point for 
pastoralists taking animals to markets and pasture in 
Somalia and the surrounding districts of Garissa, 
Isiolo, and Mandera.  According to USAID-supported 
Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), large 
numbers of cattle perished during the recent dry season 
and global malnutrition rates are above emergency 
levels.  USAID is supporting general distributions to 
populations through the World Food Program (WFP); and 
health, nutrition and water assistance through partners 
CARE and the U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF). 
 
Current Situation 
 
4.  Rain is now falling throughout the district. 
Natural water points and pasture is improving, and 
thousands of pastoralists who previously congregated 
around boreholes are migrating to traditional grazing 
points.  A good rainy season is critical for local 
recovery; however, migration has reduced demand for 
water at boreholes compared to during the dry season, 
meaning less operational hours on the generators and 
distribution systems required to pull clean water from 
aquifers as deep as 200 meters. 
 
5.  The average age of the four boreholes visited in 
southern Wajir is more than 20 years.  All sites are 
still productive; however, machinery, storage tanks, 
and distribution systems are dilapidated, leak water, 
and are unhygienic.  Furthermore, the local water 
management committees are untrained in the management 
and maintenance of boreholes, partly due to the fact 
that hitherto, theQ water resources were managed by 
the Ministry of Water on behalf of the communities. 
New GOK water legislation has transferred management of 
these water points to the local populations, who are 
technically and financially unprepared for the task. 
 
6.  During Kenya's dry season in the arid areas, 
boreholes represent the only source of water for both 
people and livestock.  Should the rains be poor this 
year, demand on the wells will again spike and their 
ability to produce will be critical for pastoralists' 
survival. 
 
Humanitarian Response 
 
7.  The Humanitarian Aid Department of the European 
Commission (ECHO) and the German Government are 
spending a total of 1.6 million U.S. dollars (USD) on 
programs to rehabilitate boreholes and their 
distribution systems in the northern and central parts 
of Wajir District.  The establishment and training of 
local water management committees, responsible for the 
maintenance at each location, is a key component of 
these interventions.  Water committees charge a user 
fee, which is used for maintenance and repair. 
 
8.  Since 1991, CARE has worked in Kenya's North 
Eastern Province, initially providing for Somalia 
refugees and then branching out to assist host 
communities.  In Fiscal Year (FY) 2005, USAID/OFDA 
provided 250,000 USD to CARE for water interventions in 
host communities in Garissa District, south of Wajir 
District.  With USAID/OFDA support CARE is repairing 
water infrastructure in eight locations in Garissa, 
including tanks, animal troughs, tap stands, and 
storage systems at schools.  In addition to improving 
access to water, CARE is enhancing community 
participation and project sustainability through the 
training of water committees and borehole and pump 
attendants. 
 
9.  Recognizing the need for similar interventions in 
neighboring southern Wajir District, CARE recently 
submitted a proposal to USAID/OFDA to rehabilitate five 
existing borehole sites in Dadajabura, Habaswain, and 
Lagbogol locations.  In several towns visited, the 
USAID assessment team observed people and animals 
sharing the same water point, raising concerns of water 
contamination and human diarrheal illnesses.  To remedy 
this situation, CARE proposes to construct separate 
water kiosks and livestock troughs to avoid 
contamination.  CARE's proposed activities would 
compliment ECHO and German government activities and 
ensure balanced assistance throughout the district.  If 
approved, work would begin in May. 
 
Conclusions and Recommendations 
 
10.  Rainfall has begun to fall in the Wajir District, 
temporarily recharging pasture and natural water 
points.  A good rainy season is essential for 
pastoralists and livestock to begin recovering from the 
previous six months of dry conditions. 
 
11.  Productive boreholes in Wajir District will be 
critical to humanitarian conditions should the current 
long rains fail, as well as during future dry seasons. 
Recovering pastoralists have few alternatives to access 
clean water for personal and livestock use. 
 
12.  Boreholes in the region have been under tremendous 
strain for the past six months, operating 24 hours a 
day due to dry season demands.  Generators, pumps, 
control panels, and distribution infrastructure are in 
disrepair and dilapidated.  Unless rehabilitated, they 
are unlikely to be productive during the next dry 
period. 
 
13.  The USAID assessment team recommends supporting 
projects designed to keep arid land boreholes 
operational and train local residents on maintenance 
and management of boreholes already established in the 
region. 
 
BELLAMY