Keep Us Strong WikiLeaks logo

Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287

Articles

Browse latest releases

Browse by creation date

Browse by origin

A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

Browse by tag

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ETRD EAGR ETTC EAID ECON EFIN ECIN EINV ELAB EAIR ENRG EPET EWWT ECPS EIND EMIN ELTN EC ETMIN EUC EZ ET ELECTIONS ENVR EU EUN EG EINT ER ECONOMICS ES EMS ENIV EEB EN ECE ECOSOC EK ENVIRONMENT EFIS EI EWT ENGRD ECPSN EXIM EIAD ERIN ECPC EDEV ENGY ECTRD EPA ESTH ECCT EINVECON ENGR ERTD EUR EAP EWWC ELTD EL EXIMOPIC EXTERNAL ETRDEC ESCAP ECO EGAD ELNT ECONOMIC ENV ETRN EIAR EUMEM ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID EREL ECOM ECONETRDEAGRJA ETCC ETRG ECONOMY EMED ETR ENERG EITC EFINOECD EURM EENG ERA EXPORT ENRD ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC EGEN EBRD EVIN ETRAD ECOWAS EFTA ECONETRDBESPAR EGOVSY EPIN EID ECONENRG EDRC ESENV ETT EB ENER ELTNSNAR ECHEVARRIA ETRC EPIT EDUC ESA EFI ENRGY ESCI EE EAIDXMXAXBXFFR EETC ECIP EIAID EIVN EBEXP ESTN EING EGOV ETRA EPETEIND ELAN ETRDGK EAIDRW ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS EPEC ENVI ELN EAG EPCS EPRT EPTED ETRB EUM EAIDS EFIC EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM EAIDAR ESF EIDN ELAM EDU EV EAIDAF ECN EDA EXBS EINTECPS ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ EPREL EAC EINVEFIN ETA EAGER EINDIR ECA ECLAC ELAP EITI EUCOM ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID EARG ELDIN EINVKSCA ENNP EFINECONCS EFINTS ECCP ETC EAIRASECCASCID EINN ETRP EAIDNI EFQ ECOQKPKO EGPHUM EBUD ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ ENERGY ELB EINDETRD EMI ECONEFIN EIB EURN ETRDEINVTINTCS EIN EFIM ETIO ELAINE EMN EATO EWTR EIPR EINVETC ETTD ETDR EIQ ECONCS EPPD ENRGIZ EISL ESPINOSA ELEC EAIG ESLCO EUREM ENTG ERD EINVECONSENVCSJA EEPET EUNCH ECINECONCS ETRO ETRDECONWTOCS ECUN EFND EPECO EAIRECONRP ERGR ETRDPGOV ECPN ENRGMO EPWR EET EAIS EAGRE EDUARDO EAGRRP EAIDPHUMPRELUG EICN ECONQH EVN EGHG ELBR EINF EAIDHO EENV ETEX ERNG ED
KMDR KPAO KPKO KJUS KCRM KGHG KFRD KWMN KDEM KTFN KHIV KGIC KIDE KSCA KNNP KHUM KIPR KSUM KISL KIRF KCOR KRCM KPAL KWBG KN KS KOMC KSEP KFLU KPWR KTIA KSEO KMPI KHLS KICC KSTH KMCA KVPR KPRM KE KU KZ KFLO KSAF KTIP KTEX KBCT KOCI KOLY KOR KAWC KACT KUNR KTDB KSTC KLIG KSKN KNN KCFE KCIP KGHA KHDP KPOW KUNC KDRL KV KPREL KCRS KPOL KRVC KRIM KGIT KWIR KT KIRC KOMO KRFD KUWAIT KG KFIN KSCI KTFIN KFTN KGOV KPRV KSAC KGIV KCRIM KPIR KSOC KBIO KW KGLB KMWN KPO KFSC KSEAO KSTCPL KSI KPRP KREC KFPC KUNH KCSA KMRS KNDP KR KICCPUR KPPAO KCSY KTBT KCIS KNEP KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KNNB KGCC KINR KPOP KMFO KENV KNAR KVIR KDRG KDMR KFCE KNAO KDEN KGCN KICA KIMMITT KMCC KLFU KMSG KSEC KUM KCUL KMNP KSMT KCOM KOMCSG KSPR KPMI KRAD KIND KCRP KAUST KWAWC KTER KCHG KRDP KPAS KITA KTSC KPAOPREL KWGB KIRP KJUST KMIG KLAB KTFR KSEI KSTT KAPO KSTS KLSO KWNN KPOA KHSA KNPP KPAONZ KBTS KWWW KY KJRE KPAOKMDRKE KCRCM KSCS KWMNCI KESO KWUN KPLS KIIP KEDEM KPAOY KRIF KGICKS KREF KTRD KFRDSOCIRO KTAO KJU KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW KEN KO KNEI KEMR KKIV KEAI KWAC KRCIM KWCI KFIU KWIC KCORR KOMS KNNO KPAI KBWG KTTB KTBD KTIALG KILS KFEM KTDM KESS KNUC KPA KOMCCO KCEM KRCS KWBGSY KNPPIS KNNPMNUC KWN KERG KLTN KALM KCCP KSUMPHUM KREL KGH KLIP KTLA KAWK KWMM KVRP KVRC KAID KSLG KDEMK KX KIF KNPR KCFC KFTFN KTFM KPDD KCERS KMOC KDEMAF KMEPI KEMS KDRM KEPREL KBTR KEDU KNP KIRL KNNR KMPT KISLPINR KTPN KA KJUSTH KPIN KDEV KTDD KAKA KFRP KWNM KTSD KINL KJUSKUNR KWWMN KECF KWBC KPRO KVBL KOM KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG KEDM KFLD KLPM KRGY KNNF KICR KIFR KM KWMNCS KAWS KLAP KPAK KDDG KCGC KID KNSD KMPF KPFO KDP KCMR KRMS KNPT KNNNP KTIAPARM KDTB KNUP KPGOV KNAP KNNC KUK KSRE KREISLER KIVP KQ KTIAEUN KPALAOIS KRM KISLAO KWM KFLOA
PHUM PINR PTER PGOV PREL PREF PL PM PHSA PE PARM PINS PK PUNE PO PALESTINIAN PU PBTS PROP PTBS POL POLI PA PGOVZI POLMIL POLITICAL PARTIES POLM PD POLITICS POLICY PAS PMIL PINT PNAT PV PKO PPOL PERSONS PING PBIO PH PETR PARMS PRES PCON PETERS PRELBR PT PLAB PP PAK PDEM PKPA PSOCI PF PLO PTERM PJUS PSOE PELOSI PROPERTY PGOVPREL PARP PRL PNIR PHUMKPAL PG PREZ PGIC PBOV PAO PKK PROV PHSAK PHUMPREL PROTECTION PGOVBL PSI PRELPK PGOVENRG PUM PRELKPKO PATTY PSOC PRIVATIZATION PRELSP PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ PMIG PREC PAIGH PROG PSHA PARK PETER POG PHUS PPREL PS PTERPREL PRELPGOV POV PKPO PGOVECON POUS PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN PWBG PMAR PREM PAR PNR PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO PARMIR PGOVGM PHUH PARTM PN PRE PTE PY POLUN PPEL PDOV PGOVSOCI PIRF PGOVPM PBST PRELEVU PGOR PBTSRU PRM PRELKPAOIZ PGVO PERL PGOC PAGR PMIN PHUMR PVIP PPD PGV PRAM PINL PKPAL PTERE PGOF PINO PHAS PODC PRHUM PHUMA PREO PPA PEPFAR PGO PRGOV PAC PRESL PORG PKFK PEPR PRELP PREFA PNG PGOVPHUMKPAO PRELECON PINOCHET PFOR PGOVLO PHUMBA PRELC PREK PHUME PHJM POLINT PGOVPZ PGOVKCRM PGOVE PHALANAGE PARTY PECON PEACE PROCESS PLN PRELSW PAHO PEDRO PRELA PASS PPAO PGPV PNUM PCUL PGGV PSA PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA PGIV PRFE POGOV PEL PBT PAMQ PINF PSEPC POSTS PHUMPGOV PVOV PHSAPREL PROLIFERATION PENA PRELTBIOBA PIN PRELL PGOVPTER PHAM PHYTRP PTEL PTERPGOV PHARM PROTESTS PRELAF PKBL PRELKPAO PKNP PARMP PHUML PFOV PERM PUOS PRELGOV PHUMPTER PARAGRAPH PERURENA PBTSEWWT PCI PETROL PINSO PINSCE PQL PEREZ PBS

Browse by classification

Community resources

courage is contagious

Viewing cable 06TOKYO1406, APERC CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS ENERGY SECURITY,

If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs

Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
  • The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
  • The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
  • The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
To understand the justification used for the classification of each cable, please use this WikiSource article as reference.

Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #06TOKYO1406.
Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06TOKYO1406 2006-03-16 08:29 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Tokyo
VZCZCXRO0552
PP RUEHCHI RUEHFK RUEHHM RUEHKSO RUEHPB
DE RUEHKO #1406/01 0750829
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 160829Z MAR 06
FM AMEMBASSY TOKYO
TO RHMCSUU/DEPT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9835
INFO RUEHZU/ASIAN PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION
RUEHFK/AMCONSUL FUKUOKA 5173
RUEHNAG/AMCONSUL NAGOYA 5199
RUEHNH/AMCONSUL NAHA 7805
RUEHOK/AMCONSUL OSAKA KOBE 8313
RUEHKSO/AMCONSUL SAPPORO 6356
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 TOKYO 001406 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
 
PLEASE PASS TO EB/ESC/IEC/ENR FOR JOHN WECKER AND EAP/J FOR 
LORI SHOEMAKER. PLEASE PASS TO DOE/PI FOR BARBERT/PUMPHREY 
AND TO DOE/EIA FOR CARUSO/SWEETNAM. PLEASE PASS TO 
NNSA/BROOKS/PAUL/AOKI/BAK 
ER/BLACK/CARLSON. 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: ECON ENRG JA
SUBJECT: APERC CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS ENERGY SECURITY, 
EFFICIENCY AND COAL 
 
TOKYO 00001406  001.2 OF 003 
 
 
1.(SBU) Summary. At the Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre 
(APERC) annual conference on energy in the APEC countries, 
presenters agreed that APEC nations face similar energy 
security issues that stem from income growth, increased 
industrialization, and urbanization.  Given current prices 
for oil and natural gas, experts also agreed that coal is the 
most economical and efficient means of power generation, but 
that clean-coal technology must continue to be improved to 
make coal an environmentally attractive, zero-emissions 
energy solution. End summary. 
 
2.(SBU) The Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre (APERC), part 
of the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), held its 
annual conference on energy in the APEC countries.  During 
the conference, APERC presented its proposed research areas 
for 2006-07 and invited experts to present papers on regional 
energy supply and demand as well as the energy markets in 
Russia, China, and the US. 
 
3.(SBU) APERC Vice President Yonghun Jung presented an APEC 
energy supply outlook which predicted an increased demand for 
coal of 1.9 percent versus 1.8 percent for oil and 1.7 
percent for natural gas by 2030.  He argued that the key 
drivers of this energy demand would be income growth of 3.5 
percent, urbanization of 68 percent (versus 52 percent in 
2003) and increased industrial growth of 4.8 percent, versus 
GDP growth of only 4.1 percent per year.  Jung highlighted 
the expected growth and fast pace of motorization over the 
next 25 years, coupled with urbanization growth of between 61 
percent (China) and 87 percent (North America).  Energy use 
in the electricity sector is likely to grow at the quickest 
pace, followed by the commercial and transportation sectors. 
Despite current efforts to break global dependence on oil, 
imports are expected to increase over the next 25 years with 
the largest growth occurring in Southeast Asia, due to 
depletion of the area's own natural resources.  (By APERC's 
calculations, even Indonesia will be a net importer of oil in 
10 years time.  Furthermore, Thailand, which has seemingly 
sufficient supplies of natural gas, is expected to import 50% 
of its domestic supply by 2020.)  Jung also noted that the 
growing need for energy infrastructure and the looming 
shortage of human resources to manage the sector pose 
additional concerns for energy security.  This sentiment was 
echoed in other presentations. 
 
4.(SBU) IEEJ's Senior Research Fellow Yoshimitsu Mimuroto 
described renewed global interest in coal.  The Asia Pacific 
region in 2004 relied on coal for nearly half of its energy 
compared to the rest of the world, which averaged a little 
over one quarter.  In the 1980s coal and natural gas were 
used as substitutes for oil and that phenomenon returned 
around 2000.  Currently Japan imports the largest amount of 
coal in the world (approximately 20%), primarily from 
Australia; South Korea is a distant second.  Mimuroto 
demonstrated that coal demand had substantially surpassed IEA 
projections since 2000 and likely would remain the 
predominant fuel in power generation over the next two 
decades, necessitating further development of clean coal 
technology for reduced emissions.  (Mimuroto also noted that 
US exports of coal have declined relative to the 1980s and 
early 1990s, and expressed hope that US exports would 
increase to meet growing world demand.)  Already, dust 
removal technology has produced dramatic emission reductions 
and the goal is to develop zero-emission technology using 
combined cycle turbines (CCT).  Mimuroto argued that a 
combination of reasonable prices, competitive CCTs and the 
Kyoto mechanism for emissions trading produced the best 
energy mix based on energy security, economic, and 
environmental considerations.  Finally, Mimuroto noted that 
in Japan METI's current plan is to deploy zero-emission coal 
plants from around 2030. 
 
5.(SBU) Glen Sweetnam of the Department of Energy's Energy 
Information Administration (EIA) contended that the effect of 
high oil prices meant a drop in natural gas consumption and 
an increase in coal use because the price of natural gas 
continues to be linked to oil.  OPEC appears unwilling to 
increase production and despite two years of high oil prices, 
impediments to increased investment in oil production 
 
TOKYO 00001406  002.2 OF 003 
 
 
persist.  Over the past 25 years, GDP in the US has been very 
resilient despite increases in oil prices, an indication that 
oil prices play a less influential role in the US economy. 
The EIA has based its 2006 energy projections in large part 
on this statistic.  Sweetnam did note, however, that 
unconventional fuel supplies are attractive at current prices 
-- these sources include oil sands, coal-to-liquids, and 
ethanol.  He also expressed the EIA's view that "peak oil" is 
not a concern although the EIA continues to follow the issue 
closely. 
 
6.(SBU) In the context of the 2006 G8 Summit's Russian 
presidency, presenter Vladimir Ivanov from the Energy 
Research Institute of Northeast Asia (ERINA) gave details of 
oil and natural gas projects throughout Russia.  He discussed 
Russia's concern over its dependence on Europe as the 
dominant destination for oil exports and the transit fees and 
port charges it must pay to reach western ports.  He valued 
at close to $230-$240 billion dollars the new delivery 
infrastructure Russia must build over the next 15-20 years. 
Ivanov referred to the Eastern Siberia Pacific Ocean pipeline 
as the infrastructural backbone of Russia's oil strategy.  He 
also noted that unlike oil and liquid natural gas (LNG) 
exports, pipeline gas exports depend on the policies and 
energy choices made by neighboring countries such as China, 
the Koreas, and Japan.  Russia's challenge will be to balance 
investment against unpredictable energy prices.  He suggested 
that improving energy efficiency in Russia should be seen as 
an opportunity to improve productivity and spur innovation. 
The challenge of energy security, rising energy prices and 
climate change all pointed toward increased emphasis on 
energy efficiency and de-carbonization of energy sources. 
 
7.(SBU) China's energy resources and environmental 
constraints were detailed by Zhou Fengqi of the Energy 
Research Institute of China's National Development and Reform 
Commission (NDRC).  He highlighted China's rapidly increasing 
energy demand, production, and infrastructure development and 
noted the imbalance in supply that persists.  Zhou described 
China's economic growth as lacking a refined developing model 
and of poor quality based on per capita GDP.  Despite China's 
ranking as the world's second largest energy consumer, its 
per capita energy consumption is less than 10 percent of the 
United States.  China has an excessive dependence on coal for 
energy production -- 69 percent versus a world average of 
27.2 percent.  In addition to poor energy efficiency, the air 
quality of 60 percent of China's cities did not meet the 
national environmental standard in 2004. 
 
8.(SBU) APERC's Gusti Sidemen highlighted the importance of 
governments' roles in environmental regulation and research 
and development.  He noted the challenge APEC countries face 
in creating attractive conditions for investors and he ranked 
several international companies on their proven environmental 
friendliness, safety, vision and other criteria.  Sidemen 
also pointed to the lack of emergency preparedness of 
developing member economies.  He called for an improved 
investment climate in the energy sector and a more 
transparent energy market through data exchange. 
 
9.(SBU) Allan Hoffman from the US Department of Energy 
presented an assessment of the implications of increased 
world energy demand.  He observed that energy is not in short 
supply.  What is in short supply is inexpensive energy that 
people can afford to buy.  Regarding Sweetnam's discussion of 
"peak oil", Hoffman countered that price volatility is the 
concern.  With limited spare capacity, serious ramifications 
could result if refinery production is disrupted.  Hoffman 
also noted that consumption of all primary energy sources is 
expected to increase through 2025 and that increase will 
likely equal more than half of current demand.  Fossil fuels 
will remain dominant and account for most of the increase in 
energy use.  Oil will still be the largest individual fuel 
source, with supplies increasingly concentrated in the Middle 
East.  Annual global emissions of CO2 will grow more rapidly 
than the primary energy supply.  Hoffman expressed concern 
that reliance on fossil fuels leaves the world vulnerable to 
oil and natural gas supply disruptions and the associated 
price instability.  However, greater attention is now being 
 
TOKYO 00001406  003.2 OF 003 
 
 
paid to more efficient use of energy and the development of 
indigenous renewable fuels (solar, wind, biomass, ocean 
energy), and there is renewed interest in nuclear power and 
in carbon capture and sequestration. 
 
10.(SBU) For fiscal 2006-07 APERC proposed studies in the 
areas of (1) urban development and transportation energy 
demand, (2) inter-fuel competition for road transport, (3) 
coal power generation in the 21st century, (4) electricity 
sector deregulation in APEC, (5) water for energy production 
in APEC, and (6) human resources for the energy sector. 
Significantly, APERC proposed examining the possible use of 
natural gas in the transportation sector to evaluate the 
potential positive impact on stranded gas.  There was also 
discussion on studying existing international 
negotiations/collaborations, such as APEC Energy Working 
Group Initiatives, to analyze the current situation and 
future prospects. 
SCHIEFFER