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Viewing cable 06SANTIAGO438, CHILE: SUBMISSION FOR SIXTH ANNUAL TIP REPORT

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06SANTIAGO438 2006-03-02 22:30 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Embassy Santiago
VZCZCXYZ0000
PP RUEHWEB

DE RUEHSG #0438/01 0612230
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 022230Z MAR 06
FM AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8580
UNCLAS SANTIAGO 000438 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SENSITIVE 
SIPDIS 
 
STATE FOR G/TIP LBROWN, WHA/PPC MPUCCETTI, WHA/BSC ISHERIDAN 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: KCRM PHUM KWMN ELAB GTIP CI
SUBJECT: CHILE: SUBMISSION FOR SIXTH ANNUAL TIP REPORT 
(PART 1 OF 2) 
 
REF: A. STATE 3836 
     B. 05 SANTIAGO 465 
     C. 05 SANTIAGO 466 
 
1.  (SBU) Summary:  Chile continues to improve in its efforts 
to identify, investigate and prosecute trafficking in 
persons, and to protect trafficking victims.  The number of 
known or suspected cases of cross-border trafficking in Chile 
is low, although there is a problem with domestic commercial 
sexual exploitation of minors (CSEM).  The Government of 
Chile is increasingly focusing specific efforts on 
trafficking in persons (TIP).  In 2005, the GOC named a 
national anti-TIP coordinator and ratified the UN Protocol to 
Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, 
Especially Women and Children.  Legal reforms have improved 
mechanisms to prosecute traffickers, provide victim 
assistance and preserve victims' rights.  The GOC is 
cooperating with OAS and MERCOSUR efforts to define the 
extent of TIP in the region, and has also begun compiling 
information on trafficking investigations and prosecutions 
domestically.  The GOC could further improve its anti-TIP 
efforts by passing national legislation explicitly 
criminalizing TIP in all its forms; increasing public TIP 
awareness of and sensitivity toward TIP; providing temporary 
residency ("T" visa status) to victims; and training labor 
inspectors to identify possible trafficking situations.  End 
Summary. 
 
2.  (U) In accordance with reftel A request, Post is 
submitting data on trafficking in persons in Chile.  Embassy 
point of contact for trafficking in persons issues is 
Political Officer Jeffrey E. Galvin, tel: (56)(2)330-3334; 
fax: (56)(2)330-3318; email: GalvinJE@State.gov. 
 
3.  (SBU) OVERVIEW OF CHILE'S ACTIVITIES TO ELIMINATE 
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: Information provided below is keyed 
to questions from ref A, paragraph 21. 
 
-- A. There are a significant number of juveniles involved in 
commercial sexual exploitation in Chile, almost all of whom 
are Chilean nationals, as well as some isolated cases of 
cross-border trafficking.  Chile appears to be a country of 
origin, transit and destination for trafficked persons. 
 
-- In the past, there were indications that a very small 
number of Chilean women were being tricked into the 
commercial sex trade in Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia through 
false job advertisements. 
 
-- In February 2006, authorities detained two Chilean 
nationals and an Argentine citizen for trafficking nine 
Argentine women into prostitution in Antofagasta.  The 
victims were allegedly promised relatively high-paying 
waitress jobs, only to be held at a remote location and 
forced into prostitution once in Chile.  Two victims escaped 
and contacted Chilean authorities, who rescued the other 
victims and arrested the traffickers.  The victims were 
placed with the Antofagasta prosecutor's office victim 
assistance program, and an investigation had started at the 
time of this report. 
 
-- In January 2006, there were 74 active prosecutions for 
juvenile commercial sexual exploitation: 27 for the promotion 
and facilitation of prostitution; 20 against clients of 
under-age prostitutes; 12 for production of pornographic 
material; and 15 for possession and distribution of 
pornographic material. 
 
-- In November 2005, responding to a tip from a customer, 
authorities rescued three young Chinese women working at a 
Santiago spa recently opened by an ethnic Chinese Chilean 
citizen.  The women were allegedly recruited in China and 
promised an opportunity to learn Spanish at a Chilean 
university.  Once in Chile, they were forced to work at the 
spa giving massages to customers, living in a nearby hotel 
owned by the spa owner, with their freedom of movement 
restricted.  The victims claim they were pressured to provide 
sex to clients but deny having actually engaged in sexual 
acts.  Chilean prosecutors plan to finish their investigation 
by mid-April and file formal charges against the recruiter 
and the spa owner.  The victims have been placed in a 
victim's assistance program by the Santiago South 
prosecutor's office. 
 
-- In November 2005, Post was contacted by the Colorado Legal 
Services' Migrant Farmworkers Division, about two Chilean 
ranch-hands seeking T-visa protection and claiming to have 
suffered labor exploitation in Colorado.  These individuals 
traveled to the U.S. on valid H2A visas.  Post's attempts to 
obtain further information from Colorado Legal Services on 
 
the recruitment of these individuals or other specifics of 
their case have been unsuccessful to date. 
 
-- In January 2005, authorities in Chile and Peru arrested 
two women running a sham employment agency.  The agency 
offered Peruvian women employment as waitresses in Chile, but 
upon arrival the victims were compelled to sign employment 
contracts and forced into prostitution.  Three victims of 
this trafficking incident were repatriated to Peru. 
 
-- Outside of a thwarted attempt by a Spanish couple to 
illegally adopt a Chilean infant, there were no reported 
cases of cross-border trafficking in 2004, based on 
information in the press and from the Investigative Police 
(Policia de Investigaciones de Chile - PICH). 
 
Reliable sources, including the national Prosecutors Office 
(MP, Ministerio Publico), police, news reports, and NGOs, 
indicate that cross border trafficking for sexual or labor 
exploitation is limited in scope.  However, no comprehensive 
or official statistics on TIP in Chile are currently 
available.  What information is available tends to focus on 
sexual exploitation of children.  A 2003 study by Chile's 
National Department of Children's Affairs (SENAME) examined 
the problem of commercial sexual exploitation of children 
under the age of 18 (the legal age for commercial sex workers 
in Chile).  The majority of the juvenile victims lived with 
their own families or relatives.  According to the study's 
conclusions, in 2003 more than 3700 children and adolescents 
were victims of commercial sexual exploitation in Chile. 
(Note: In January meetings with Poloffs (septel), both the 
Director of the National Women's Service and the acting head 
of the National TIP Coordinator's office expressed doubts 
about the validity of this study, saying its projections were 
based on a limited and not-scientific sample.  End note.) 
The study stated that 78 percent of the victims were female 
and 22 percent were male, with the majority having initiated 
commercial sexual activity when they were 12-13 years old. 
Forty percent of the victims had not completed basic levels 
of education.  The study concluded that this sexual 
exploitation was caused by a number of factors -- including 
extreme poverty, lack of education and training in both 
schools and families, history of violence or sexual abuse 
within the family, and child labor. 
 
-- B. Within Chile, victims of sexual exploitation have 
reportedly been trafficked from rural areas to urban areas 
(i.e., Santiago, Iquique, Valparaiso), and to towns near 
major mining operations in northern Chile.  From Chile, 
victims have been trafficked to neighboring countries 
(Argentina, Peru, Bolivia), the U.S., Europe, and Asia, 
according to law enforcement officials.  Victims also come 
from Peru, Argentina, Colombia and Bolivia to Chile, although 
it is difficult for authorities to distinguish trafficked 
persons from economic migrants. 
 
Interviews conducted in 2004 by the NGOs La Morada and 
Instituto de la Mujer indicated that Chile is becoming a 
destination country in the region, due to economic 
difficulties in Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.  Anecdotal 
evidence indicated that up to half of the women working in 
clubs and in the commercial sex trade in Santiago were 
foreigners.  However, a senior Labor Ministry official told 
Poloff that the Ministry was aware of these claims, and 
stated there was no evidence to indicate the women referred 
to were trafficking victims. 
 
Recognition of trafficking in persons (TIP) as a serious 
issue is increasing in Chile.  In February 2005, Chile 
ratified the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish 
Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (the 
Palermo Protocol).  This Protocol requires Chile to ensure 
its national legislation effectively recognizes and punishes 
TIP as a serious crime.  The GOC has designated an office in 
the Interior Ministry as National Coordinator for anti-TIP 
activities.  Legal reforms which took effect nationwide in 
June 2005 have made the prosecution of TIP-related cases more 
rapid and transparent.  The MP maintains statistics on 
criminal prosecutions, and plans to begin compiling 
statistics on TIP. 
 
Official and NGO sources indicate that low-income, young 
women are the primary targets for trafficking within Chile 
and to other countries. PICH's BRISEX (sexual crimes brigade) 
reports alleged traffickers use newspaper advertisements to 
lure young women into the sex trade.  One trafficking group 
used ads for jobs as models and product promoters to lure 
girls aged 11-17, and then took them to an apartment to 
engage in sex for money.  Advertisements for relatively 
high-paying jobs as waitresses in neighboring countries or 
 
towns near mining operations are another frequently cited 
ploy.  Law enforcement agents claim, in general terms, that 
traffickers looking for children target economically 
disadvantaged families.  Traffickers convince the parents 
they are giving the child the opportunity for education or 
legitimate employment.  The parents reportedly do not know 
what actually happens to their children and therefore do not 
report the situation to the police. 
 
It is relatively easy to obtain a work permit and residency 
in Chile.  This, combined with recent labor reforms, good 
dissemination of information on labor rights, and generally 
effective enforcement reduces the likelihood of trafficking 
for labor exploitation.  However, increasing economic 
migration may make it difficult to identify cases of illegal 
trafficking.  Enforcement efforts were effective when 
possible trafficking situations were identified.  Border 
control officials regularly question young women entering and 
leaving Chile about their intentions, and informed them of 
the possibility that an offer of work in a bar or club could 
be illegitimate. 
 
-- C.  There are few practical limitations on the 
government's ability to address TIP.  Funding for law 
enforcement, prosecutors' offices and the courts is generally 
adequate.  Overall resources dedicated specifically to 
anti-trafficking efforts are modest but increasing, as the 
GOC focuses on TIP as an important issue.  The GOC provides 
funding for official travel to TIP conferences or workshops, 
and has been receptive to Post offers of training in 
anti-trafficking efforts.  Many of the services provided or 
partially funded by the GOC for victims of sexual violence in 
general are also available to trafficking victims.  The GOC's 
budget for victim assistance was nearly USD 2 million in 
2006. 
 
-- D. To date, the GOC has not systematically monitored its 
anti-trafficking efforts.  Poloff and TIP Regional Report 
Officer met with the National TIP Coordinator's Office 
(NTIPCO) in the Interior Ministry on January 27, 2006. 
NTIPCO was established in mid-2005, after Chile's 
ratification of the Palermo Protocols.  It is in the process 
of collecting data from other branches of the GOC on their 
anti-TIP activities.  Police data is made public, but is not 
disaggregated to identify trafficking or possible trafficking 
cases.  In coordination with Save the Children, the GOC is 
developing an integrated system linking police, immigration 
and border control officials, social service agencies, 
hospitals, and morgues to help identify trafficking cases. 
The MP is attempting to compile interim information on 
trafficking investigations and prosecutions to release to 
Post. 
 
4.  (SBU) PREVENTION: Information provided below is keyed to 
questions from ref A, paragraph 22. 
 
-- A. The GOC recognizes trafficking in persons occurs in 
Chile and has the legal framework to prosecute TIP and 
TIP-related activities as serious crimes.  The GOC is placing 
more priority on anti-trafficking efforts, and is cooperating 
with regional efforts through the OAS and MERCOSUR to 
identify the extent and nature of TIP in the region. 
 
-- B. The newly-formed National TIP Coordinator's Office 
(NTIPCO) in the Interior Ministry has the overall lead on 
TIP.  The Ministerio Publico (MP, national Prosecutor's 
Office) is responsible for the investigation and prosecution 
of trafficking crimes.  The Chilean Investigative Police 
(PICH) Brigada de Delitos Sexuales (Sex Crimes Unit) and 
Brigada de Cibercrimen (Cybercrime Unit) conduct surveillance 
and investigations.  The Ministry of Interior is responsible 
for border security and immigration control.  The National 
Childrens' Service (SENAME) and National Womens' Service 
(SERNAM) are involved in prevention and protection efforts. 
These agencies work in cooperation with the Ministries of 
Interior, Justice, Education and Health on prevention, public 
awareness and victim's assistance programs.  There are also 
numerous NGOs and private organizations who have formed 
networks to address TIP-related issues. 
 
-- C. On January 25-26, 2006, SERNAM conducted G/TIP-funded 
anti-trafficking programs for local officials and women's 
groups in the northern cities of Iquique and Arica.  The 
program brought together presenters from the Interior 
Ministry, State Defense Council (roughly the equivalent of 
the U.S. Attorney General), and NGOs.  The seminars were 
designed to inform local activists of national and 
international norms regarding trafficking, and to train local 
officials to identify trafficking and to use existing 
legislation and legal tools to attack the problem. The four 
 
seminars reached a total of 100 local officials and 160 
activists in the two cities. 
 
-- On May 25-27, the MP in cooperation with GTZ (the German 
development corporation) and PICH conducted a seminar on 
"Fighting Child Pornography and the Trafficking of Persons 
for the Sex Trade."  The seminar was attended by nearly 1000 
law enforcement personnel from Chile and the region, with 
presentations by experts from Germany, the Netherlands and 
Chile.  This seminar content will be the basis for an 
anti-TIP module to be taught at the Chilean Police Academy 
starting in 2006. 
 
-- In 2004, the Ministry of Labor and SERNAM conducted labor 
rights seminars for domestic and service (bar and restaurant) 
workers and women's NGOs in Antofagasta and Iquique.  While 
not specifically targeting trafficking, these seminars were 
targeted to educate these high-risk populations of their 
legal rights and protections, and how to report abusive 
situations. 
 
-- SENAME and the Ministry of Justice were involved in 
creating the national action plan against commercial sexual 
exploitation of minors (CSEM), and has conducted national 
campaigns to raise awareness of this issue.  The multi-agency 
"Framework for Action Against the Commercial Sexual 
Exploitation of Children and Adolescents" created an annual 
review mechanism for GOC agencies and NGOs to meet and 
evaluate efforts to reduce sexual exploitation of children in 
Chile. 
 
-- D. In an effort to keep children in school, the government 
passed legislation in 2003 that raised mandatory education 
from 8 to 12 years.  The Ministry of Labor, in conjunction 
with the Ministry of Education and UNICEF, has a program to 
keep adolescents from leaving school in order to go to work, 
particularly for temporary agricultural jobs during the 
harvest season.  The GOC funds Integra, a program that 
provides day-care for low-income families.  The GOC also 
provides some funding to NGOs working on women's and 
children's issues. 
 
-- E. Note: Ref A, paragraph 22, did not include a sub E. 
End note. 
 
-- F. The GOC has generally positive relations with NGOs 
working on trafficking-related issues.  Chilean civil society 
organizations are somewhat weaker than those in developed 
countries.  The GOC encourages NGO activity in women's and 
children's issues and provides some funding.  Nearly 80 
percent of SENAME's budget supports NGO programs, 
particularly those that work with street children.  However, 
most funding is project-based and on a year-to-year basis. 
While a variety of NGOs address the issue of trafficking in 
persons as part of their other activities, no single group 
has emerged as a driving force and effective partner on TIP 
for the GOC or international organizations. 
 
-- G. Immigration controls are well developed, particularly 
in the airports, seaports and along the borders with Peru and 
Bolivia.  The GOC monitors migration for unusual patterns 
that could indicate trafficking.  However, due to the length 
of Chile's borders, GOC officials argue it is nearly 
impossible to monitor all movement of persons.  The Policia 
Internacional (International Police), who are responsible for 
immigration matters and border security, are concerned about 
illegal migration, alien smuggling and human trafficking, 
mostly illegal adoptions.  Post has a good working 
relationship with the police, and we have cooperated on many 
cases.  Anecdotal evidence suggests that persons allegedly 
involved in human trafficking, illegal migration, and alien 
smuggling enter and exit Chile in those areas that are not 
well patrolled and may employ false documentation. 
 
-- H. NTIPCO, housed in the Interior Ministry, is the GOC's 
designated point of contact on trafficking.  It has created a 
formal multi-agency working group on trafficking, and is 
creating a mechanism for inter-agency coordination and 
communication.  That said, this process is in its early 
stages.  For example, a mid-level official at the MP told 
Poloff that Post should continue to solicit the MP directly 
for information on prosecutions. 
 
There has been increasing cooperation between government 
agencies since 2002.  PICH and Carabineros work with the 
Ministry of Interior to track missing persons in a combined 
database, and PICH created a dedicated missing persons unit 
in 2004.  SENAME and the Ministries of Justice and Labor 
track child labor cases.  SENAME, SERNAM, the Ministries of 
Government and Health, PRODEMU (the Foundation for the 
 
Development and Promotion of Women) and the National Board of 
Chilean Child Care Centers (JUNJI; Junta Nacional de Jardines 
Infantiles) have formed the Protect Network (Red Protege), 
which offers public awareness and education campaigns aimed 
at preventing juvenile sexual violence and abuse. 
 
--J. The GOC has no national plan of action to address 
trafficking in persons. 
 
 
SUBMISSION FOR SIXTH ANNUAL TIP REPORT CONTINUED SEPTEL 
KELLY