Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 06MADRID516, SIXTH ANNUAL ANTI-TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TIP)
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #06MADRID516.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06MADRID516 | 2006-03-01 18:03 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Madrid |
VZCZCXRO3942
PP RUEHAG RUEHDA RUEHDF RUEHFL RUEHIK RUEHKW RUEHLA RUEHLN RUEHLZ
RUEHROV RUEHSR RUEHVK RUEHYG
DE RUEHMD #0516/01 0601803
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 011803Z MAR 06
FM AMEMBASSY MADRID
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 9001
INFO RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
RUEHUJA/AMEMBASSY ABUJA 0069
RUEHAS/AMEMBASSY ALGIERS 3867
RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION 0069
RUEHBP/AMEMBASSY BAMAKO 0012
RUEHBO/AMEMBASSY BOGOTA 4917
RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 0401
RUEHCV/AMEMBASSY CARACAS 0901
RUEHRY/AMEMBASSY CONAKRY 0044
RUEHFN/AMEMBASSY FREETOWN 0032
RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA 1798
RUEHNK/AMEMBASSY NOUAKCHOTT 1100
RUEHQT/AMEMBASSY QUITO 1233
RUEHRB/AMEMBASSY RABAT 5922
RUEHLA/AMCONSUL BARCELONA 1777
RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
RUEAHLC/HOMELAND SECURITY CENTER WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 12 MADRID 000516
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
DEPARTMENT FOR G/TIP, G, INL, DRL, PRM, IWI, EUR/PGI,
EUR/WE DEPARTMENT PLEASE PASS TO USAID
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PHUM ELAB KCRM KFRD PREF SP KWMN SMIG ASEC
SUBJECT: SIXTH ANNUAL ANTI-TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TIP)
REPORT FOR SPAIN
REF: STATE 3836
MADRID 00000516 001.2 OF 012
¶1. (SBU) Following is Embassy Madrid,s input for the Sixth
Annual Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report. Embassy POC is
Political Officer Tim Dougherty, tel. (34) 91 587-2294.
Staff hours spent in preparation of this report includes the
following:
Political Counselor - FE-OC: 3 hours
Deputy Political Counselor - FS-02: 5 hours
Political Officer - FS-04: 50 hours
Political Assistant - LES-9: 8 hours
Consular Legal Assistant - LES-11: 3 hours
//OVERVIEW//
¶2. (SBU) Spain maintains an active set of political, legal
and social programs to combat human trafficking. In 2005,
Spain provided comprehensive statistics on trafficking;
continued to coordinate actions to fight trafficking;
improved cooperation with international law enforcement;
continued to provide assistance to victims; continued
preventive measures and increased focus on demand reduction
programs. Please see paragraph 4 for a detailed description
of Spain,s progress on the TIP benchmarks established in
¶2005. In March, Minister of the Interior Jose Antonio Alonso
told Spain,s Senate that it is "essential that the
government continue in its fight against trafficking. This
is an issue that we will not ignore." In addition, in
February 2006, Minister of Justice Juan Fernando Lopez said
that while the current penal code and laws against
trafficking are "weapons in the battle against trafficking,"
he said Spain in 2006 will study and will likely modify the
penal code to make it an even stronger deterrent in the fight
against trafficking. The Spanish government, specifically
the Ministry of the Interior and in consultation with various
NGOs, is in the process of drafting a national plan to fight
trafficking in persons. According to police contacts, the
driving force behind this initiative is the Protocol to
Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
Especially Women and Children, and a formal request from
Spain,s Parliamentary Mixed Commission on the Rights of
Women comprised of members of virtually all political parties
in Spain. Drafting of the national plan is ongoing and
expected to be completed during 2006.
¶3. (SBU) Spain is both a destination and transit country for
trafficked persons, primarily women between the ages of 18 to
30 trafficked for prostitution and forced labor. Statistical
data and information on Spanish Government efforts to combat
trafficking come from the Ministry of Interior which includes
the Spanish National Police as well as the Civil Guard. The
SNP reports that within Spain, a total of 146 trafficking
networks for sexual exploitation were dismantled, with 737
responsible individuals arrested in 2005. Background
information on the extent of trafficking in Spain, government
prevention efforts, and victim assistance comes primarily
from Project Hope, the main NGO contracted by the government
to provide assistance to victims. Other NGOs, including the
Association for Attention, Prevention and Reinsertion of
Women Prostitutes (APRAMP) and the Voluntary Association of
Dominican Mothers (VOMAD) also provided information towards
this report. All sources are generally reliable.
//PROGRESS REPORT ON SPAIN TIP BENCHMARKS//
¶4. (SBU) -- PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE STATISTICS: Spain,s
MADRID 00000516 002.2 OF 012
Ministry of Interior provided the USG access to a restricted
internal report (also available to NGOs that work on TIP
issues) that provides detailed information on TIP enforcement
trends, including on TIP-related arrests. Post is
translating the key Ministry of Interior overview of TIP
statistics for transmittal to G/TIP and EUR/WE. Information
on specific TIP-related investigations, convictions and
sentencing is available online through the Spanish affiliate
of Westlaw (www.westlaw.es). In the past two years the SNP
has separated its illegal immigration and false document
statistics from sexual and labor exploitation network
statistics, achieving a goal of G/TIP to reorganize TIP
statistics.
-- CONTINUE EFFORTS TO COORDINATE ACTIONS AGAINST TIP: Under
the Spanish system, police officials include NGOs in TIP
response. As noted above, relevant NGOs and government
agencies have special access to TIP-related information
collected by Spanish police. The Spanish National Police has
established a special branch - the Immigration Networks and
Falsified Documents Unit (UCRIF) that investigates
TIP-related activities.
-- CONTINUE INTERNATIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS: Spanish
law enforcement agencies continue to cooperate with law
enforcement agencies in countries of origin as well as
Interpol and Europol. In 2005, this cooperation resulted in
the break up of 131 human trafficking networks in countries
of origin. See paragraph 31 of this report for additional
details.
-- CONTINUE ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS: The Spanish government,
through government-funded NGOs, is continuing with programs
to help the victims of trafficking. The various NGOs provide
shelter, counseling and psychological assistance, legal
assistance, job training, placement and reinsertion services,
and assistance in obtaining visas that are available for
those who testify against traffickers. Since 1999 through
December 2005, Project Hope provided direct legal, medical,
psychological assistance to 338 women victims of trafficking,
with 95 women seeking assistance in 2005. Project Hope also
provides assistance to victims in indirect ways such as
prevention programs, police training and lobbying the
government for additional resources and in the formulation of
a national plan to combat trafficking. See paragraph 49-59
of this report for additional details.
-- CONTINUE IMPLEMENTING PREVENTIVE MEASURES: Spain will
begin issuing passports with an integrated electronic
identity chip starting August 1, 2006, which has been
identified as one important aid in TIP prevention. In
addition, Spain will begin including the National Identity
Document (DNI) number in all electronic passports beginning
in March 2007. In addition, the government sponsors programs
that educate women victims of trafficking and encourages them
to report trafficking to law enforcement officials. Other
preventative measures are detailed in this report in
paragraphs 20-30.
-- INCREASE FOCUS ON DOMESTIC DEMAND REDUCTION PROGRAMS:
Under the Spanish system, demand reduction is primarily the
responsibility of municipal and regional officials. Police
reported increased activity to dissuade customers of
prostitutes. In Madrid, for example, police instituted
vehicle checkpoints and other measures in areas frequented by
prostitutes to discourage solicitation. This activity was
also intended to help police identify prostitutes that were
possible TIP victims. In Barcelona, the Catalan Interior
MADRID 00000516 003.2 OF 012
Minister continues to make anti-trafficking a priority and
often accompanies police officers on visits to areas of
prostitution to assess conditions and discourage solicitation.
//STATISTICS AND DATA//
¶5. (SBU) The Spanish National Police (SNP) reports that 3,064
victims of trafficking in persons were liberated in 2005.
This total includes 1,337 victims of sexual exploitation and
681 victims of forced labor who were liberated. Government
data is considered accurate. Project Hope reports that 92
percent of the victims they assist are women between 18 and
30 years of age. A SNP victim's profile, updated for 2005,
indicates that young, poorly educated women with limited
economic resources are the most likely group to be trafficked
to Spain. There are no areas of Spain that are outside of
government control.
¶6. (SBU) Trafficking victims arrive in Spain from three major
regions: Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
(Romania, Russia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Belarus,
Slovenia and Poland), South and Central America (Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela), and Africa (Nigeria,
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Morocco, Algeria, Mali, Mauritania).
More than three-quarters of all trafficked women come from
five countries: Romania, Russia, Brazil, Colombia, and
Nigeria. In 2005, Paraguay also became a country of origin
for human trafficking to Spain due to a continuing
socioeconomic crisis. Women stand out as one of the most
vulnerable groups affected by poverty and unemployment. The
SNP reported that 57 Paraguayan women were liberated from
forced prostitution and six Paraguayans were liberated from
forced labor in 2005.
¶7. (SBU) Clandestine clothing production and restaurant work
are typical types of employment of illegal Asian immigrants,
frequently Chinese, who come to Spain with false documents
via trafficking networks. Spain is used as a transit point
for women trafficked from Brazil to Portugal. African
trafficking networks often use Spain as a transit point for
other EU nations, particularly France and Germany. The most
frequent destinations for victims trafficked to Spain
include: the Community of Madrid, Catalonia, the Community
of Valencia, and Andalusia.
¶8. (SBU) The country of origin determines the most likely
route traffickers use to reach Spain. Victims from countries
within Europe are often brought into Spain via the northern
border, while victims from Africa are brought through
Spain,s southern coast or through the Canary Islands. Once
victims are smuggled into Spain through the Canary Islands,
the trafficking networks have already bypassed immigration
controls into the Spanish peninsula and are free to travel to
Madrid or other locations within Spain or the EU. Victims
from Central or South America are brought directly into
Spain, or through other countries that are signatories to the
Schengen Treaty.
¶9. (SBU) Trafficking arrests and the number of victims of
sexual exploitation remain comparable to previous years. In
2005, 146 networks for sexual exploitation were dismantled
which resulted in the arrests of 737 people. The Spanish
National Police continue to see a stronger presence of
Romanian criminal networks involved in both prostitution and
illegal immigration. In-depth coverage from a February 2006
report in daily newspaper "El Periodico" reported that
despite SNP efforts to break up human trafficking networks
from Romania, the influence of the Romanian mafia is
MADRID 00000516 004.2 OF 012
expanding.
¶10. (SBU) The SNP has a special unit, the Immigration
Networks and Falsified Documents Unit (UCRIF) that covers
trafficking in persons related issues. The UCRIF
Intelligence Unit analyzes statistical data and trends, while
coordinating efforts and sharing data with the Civil Guard
and Interpol. Regional SNP offices conduct quarterly reviews
to set goals in combating trafficking and to assess success
in meeting previous quarter goals.
¶11. (SBU) Victims are trafficked into Spain for both sexual
and labor exploitation. The sexual exploitation most
frequently involves prostitution and work in nude dancing
clubs. The labor exploitation involves primarily
agricultural, low-skill construction, and domestic
employment. Press reports indicate that criminal networks
often lure their victims by using travel agencies and
newspaper advertisements in their home countries that promise
guaranteed employment in Spain. Typically in the case of
Romanian organized networks, women are forced into
prostitution where 90 percent of their earnings were marked
for the criminal network; men are often employed in
low-paying construction jobs. The Russian trafficking
networks in Catalonia lure women from northeastern Russia to
Catalonia with the promise of a loan and a job; upon arrival
in Spain, traffickers hold their passports and force the
women into prostitution to pay back their debts. Methods
used by traffickers to maintain control over their victims
include physical abuse, the withholding of travel documents,
threats of violence towards a victim's family, and the forced
use of drugs. Frequently, trafficking victims are forced
into debt to pay the costs of their journey to Spain.
¶12. (SBU) Spain is generally not a country of origin for
trafficking.
¶13. (SBU) There is political will at the highest levels to
combat trafficking and the government makes a good faith
effort to seriously address trafficking issues. The current
government, elected in March 2004, has made improved
treatment of women a high priority with the passage of the
October 2004 Integral Law Against Gender Violence, a domestic
violence law that provides for heavier sentences when
violence is directed against women or "especially vulnerable"
victims. When King Juan Carlos addressed the Diplomatic
Corps in January 2005, he emphasized the need to fight
against trafficking in persons networks.
¶14. (SBU) In 2005, the Madrid city government stepped up its
enforcement of its anti-prostitution and anti-trafficking
campaign by increasing police presence in targeted zones. An
extensive publicity campaign to discourage prostitution
continues with posters and advertisements in newspapers, on
the radio, and on city buses. The Ministry of Interior
coordinates anti-trafficking efforts and receives support in
its efforts from the Office of the President, the Ministry of
Labor and Social Services, the Ministry of Justice, and the
Ministry of Education. There were no reports of government
officials involved in trafficking. The government controls
borders and investigates trafficking activities with
resources deployed from the Civil Guard and police
authorities. The Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of
Labor and Social Services are responsible for committing
resources to prosecuting violators, inspecting workplaces,
and assisting victims. The government also funds several
NGOs that provide services to victims.
MADRID 00000516 005.2 OF 012
¶15. (SBU) There were no reports of government officials
facilitating or condoning trafficking, taking bribes, or in
any way assisting in trafficking operations.
¶16. (SBU) The absence of controlled frontiers within a newly
expanded European Union allows many traffickers to move
easily from country to country without being scrutinized by
immigration officials. An impediment to combating
trafficking is the reluctance of victims to provide
information regarding trafficking. The fact that most, if
not all, victims are illegal aliens, and threats by
traffickers all contribute to this reluctance. This
reluctance to press charges occurs despite Spanish provisions
for witness protection and the availability of Article 59
visas for those who testify against trafficking rings. There
are no limitations on government funding for police and other
governmental institutions. Spain does not have a problem
with government corruption. Government funding for NGOs
providing victims assistance continues to be increased.
¶17. (SBU) The National Police's UCRIF Intelligence Unit
maintains ongoing monitoring of trafficking trends and
statistics. Regional SNP units review anti-trafficking
efforts on a quarterly basis. The SNP and Civil Guard
participate in ongoing coordination and data-sharing with
Interpol and Europol, and the Ministry of Interior
coordinates and evaluates anti-trafficking efforts within the
Spanish government.
¶18. (SBU) Prostitution is decriminalized in Spain, although
forcing others into involuntary prostitution and organizing
prostitution rings is illegal. As of September 30, 2003,
with the Organic Law for Measures Related to Citizen
Security, Domestic Violence and the Social Integration of
Foreigners, it is illegal for anyone to profit from
prostitution other than the actual prostitute. The law makes
it illegal for pimps or brothels to receive money from the
prostitute's activities, even if the prostitute consents to
it. The majority of prostitutes are foreign and the
government does not issue work permits to prostitutes.
Foreign nationals who practice prostitution without residency
permission or permission to work can be prosecuted
administratively under the Alien Law of 2000. Spanish law
prohibits the involvement of minors in prostitution (under
the age of 18). Prison sentences for using force, violence,
and threats of fraud for sexual exploitation in trafficking
related offenses are specified as 5 to 10 years, with
sentences increasing to 12 to 15 years with aggravating
circumstances.
¶19. (SBU) Spain is currently reviewing laws regarding
prostitution. The debate over prostitution erupted in 2005
because of a proposed Catalan bill that seeks to legalize and
regulate prostitution. In February 2006, Ministry of Labor
officials said the central government is likely to leave the
matter in the hands of regional governments, although
anti-trafficking enforcement remains in the hands of the
central government. Spain,s central government has
increased efforts in protecting illegal immigrant women and
dismantling the criminal syndicates that exploit them.
//PREVENTION//
¶20. (SBU) The government acknowledges that trafficking is a
problem and takes measures to address the problem.
¶21. (SBU) Spain commits resources of the Ministry of Interior
(the Spanish National Police and Civil Guard), Ministry of
MADRID 00000516 006.2 OF 012
Labor and Social Services, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of
Education, Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ministry of Public
Administration, and the Ministry of Health and Consumer
Affairs. The Spanish government also funds several NGOs that
work with trafficking victims by providing victims assistance
that includes shelter, legal aid, counseling and
psychological assistance, placement and reinsertion services.
NGOs receiving governmental assistance include: Project
Hope, the Association for Attention, Prevention and
Reinsertion of Women Prostitutes (APRAMP), the Voluntary
Association of Dominican Mothers (VOMAD), Association for
Cooperation in the South-the Segovias (ACSUR), Association of
Raped Women, General Association in Defense of the Rights of
Prostitutes (HETAIRA), Villa Teresita Safe House, CARITAS,
the Red Cross, and Hermanos Oblatas.
¶22. (SBU) Spain sponsors programs that educate women victims
of violence and encourages women to report instances to the
police.
¶23. (SBU) The government supports programs to increase
employment opportunities for women. Government funded NGOs
provide job placement and work training services for women
liberated from trafficking rings.
¶24. (SBU) Governmental agencies and victim assistance NGOs
report that funding resources are sufficient to operate their
programs. Spanish administration at the national, regional,
and local level provides financing and social services for
the victims of trafficking.
¶25. (SBU) NGO representatives report that they have good
relations with the Spanish government. The Association for
Attention, Prevention and Reinsertion of Women Prostitutes
(APRAMP) reports good cooperation with state and local police
on turning over prostitutes for psychological counseling,
safe housing, and rehabilitation. Project Hope also reports
that the relationship with the SNP and the Civil Guard is
good. When the police find a victim of TIP, they immediately
refer the individual to NGOs that provide victims,
assistance.
¶26. (SBU) The government adequately monitors its borders by
committing resources to the Civil Guard to patrol its sea
borders. Despite hazardous sea conditions, illegal
immigration across the open ocean and the Straits of
Gibraltar continues to increase into Spain due to its
geographical location as a European entry point for migrants
from Africa and South America. The SNP and Civil Guard both
monitor immigration patterns for evidence of trafficking.
¶27. (SBU) The Ministry of Interior coordinates
anti-trafficking efforts and maintains workgroups for the
coordination of SNP and Civil Guard activities. Both the SNP
and the Civil Guard also are involved in coordinating and
sharing data with Interpol and Europol. There is a joint
task force within the Ministry of Interior that coordinates
SNP and Civil Guard operations, including immigration and
trafficking issues. Members of the committee include: the
Secretary of State for Security, the Director of Police, the
SIPDIS
Director of the Civil Guard, the Director of Infrastructure
in the Ministry of Interior, and the Interior Minister's
Chief of Cabinet. Public corruption is generally not a
problem in Spain. Anti-corruption investigations would
normally be handled through normal law enforcement and
judicial agencies.
¶28. (SBU) The government coordinates its law enforcement
MADRID 00000516 007.2 OF 012
anti-trafficking activities with Interpol, Europol, and EU
illegal-immigration working groups. Spain has provided
French-language training to high-level SNP officials to
assist in cooperation with Francophone Africa countries.
Spain participates in EU and Schengen Group cooperative
efforts to combat trafficking. Spain has been active in the
EU Experts Group on Trafficking in Human Beings.
¶29. (SBU) The government addresses trafficking issues in two
national action plans. The government has a National
Immigration Plan that addresses combating illegal immigration
into Spain, which is a major component in preventing
trafficking. The government also published a Parliamentary
plan on Women's Rights in September 2003 that includes
analysis and recommendations for improving the situation of
women victims. Components of these plans have been
incorporated into the September 2003 Organic Law for Measures
Related to Citizen Security, Domestic Violence and the Social
Integration of Foreigners, the October 2004 Integral Law
Against Gender Violence, and the February 2005 modification
to the Aliens Law. The Ministry of Interior coordinates
anti-trafficking efforts, while the Ministry of Labor and
Social Services, the Ministry of Justice, Interpol, Europol
help provide for victim's assistance.
¶30. (SBU) The Ministry of Interior takes the lead in
directing anti-trafficking efforts.
//INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS//
¶31. (SBU) Spain cooperates with other governments in the
investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases, as well
as with the EU, Interpol, and Europol. The SNP reported in
2005 this cooperation led to the break up of 131 human
trafficking rings in the following countries of origin: Cape
Verde, France, Guinea, Italy, Morocco, Mauritania, Romania,
Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela. These operations resulted in
arrests of 280 traffickers.
¶32. (SBU) The SNP reports that within Spain, a total of 146
trafficking networks for sexual exploitation were dismantled,
with 737 responsible individuals arrested in 2005. The SNP
reports a total of 59 trafficking networks for labor
exploitation dismantled, with 173 responsible individuals
arrested. The SNP also tracks statistics related to the
dismantling of organizations that enable trafficking
syndicates to operate. The SNP reported dismantling 67
illegal immigration networks, 43 false document networks, and
18 fraud networks with a total of 559 people arrested. In
the past two years the SNP has separated its illegal
immigration and false document statistics from sexual and
labor exploitation network statistics, achieving a goal of
G/TIP to reorganize TIP statistics.
¶33. (SBU) Data on prosecutions is readily available through
both frequent personal contact between SNP and Embassy
personnel and through an online service of Westlaw database.
There are several penal codes related to trafficking in
persons, including: Article 312, crimes against the rights of
foreigners; Article 313, crimes involving forced labor; and
Article 318 bis, crimes involving trafficking in persons.
¶34. (SBU) There were a total of 129 cases adjudicated in the
Spanish courts in 2005 for crimes related to trafficking in
persons. Spanish courts at all levels use a combination of
available penal codes in prosecuting crimes related to
trafficking in persons to ensure a conviction because of a
frequent lack of testimony from victims.
MADRID 00000516 008.2 OF 012
¶35. (SBU) Judges sometimes invoke TIP legislation in their
decisions. Lawyers for a group of three Romanians charged
and convicted of "crimes against the rights of foreigners"
appealed to the Supreme Court. The court upheld the
conviction and increased it to find the three guilty of the
more severe charge of trafficking in persons. One
defendant,s 4-year sentence was increased to a 7-year
sentence, while the others were given a 6-year sentence. All
three were also fined 7,300 euros each.
¶36. (SBU) A human trafficking ring between Nigeria and Spain
was broken up on January 24, 2005, resulting in the arrest of
a woman believed to be a recruiting agent for the ring.
Investigators said that at least 20 young Nigerian women were
liberated as a result of the investigation and arrest.
¶37. (SBU) A total of 42 people were arrested in Las Palmas,
Canary Islands, in January 2006, for running a network
trafficking women from Brazil for prostitution. In addition,
the network used the women to transport drugs and illegal
weapons.
¶38. (SBU) Spain has specific laws to prohibit trafficking in
persons and other activities related to sexual and labor
exploitation. These laws are applied in practice and are
adequate to cover the full scope of trafficking in persons.
The law prohibits trafficking in persons from, through, or to
Spain. The law also bans trafficking in workers; sexual
exploitation involving violence, intimidation or fraud; the
sexual exploitation of minors, including their use for
prostitution or pornography; forging or certifying false
government documents for the purpose of TIP; and illicit
association with trafficking in persons networks. The
September 2003 Organic Law for Specific Measures Related to
Citizen Security, Domestic Violence and the Social
Integration of Foreigners increased penalties for trafficking
in persons and other activities related to trafficking. The
penalty for trafficking in persons was increased to 5 to 10
years from the previous 2 to 4 years. If the trafficking is
done through the use of violence or intimidation, the maximum
sentence applies. Penalties were increased from 2 to 4 years
to 6 to 12 years for activities related to trafficking, such
as trafficking for sexual exploitation, the use of threats,
violence, or fraud, the involvement of minors, or placing the
victim's life in danger.
¶39. (SBU) The penalty for trafficking in persons for sexual
exploitation is 5 to 10 years in prison, increasing to 6 to
12 years if aggravating circumstances are present. The
penalty for trafficking in persons for labor exploitation is
2 to 5 years and a fine. Stricter penalties apply if the
life or health of the victim is endangered, if the victim is
a minor or if the offender is a member of a criminal
organization.
¶40. (SBU) The penalty for rape is 6 to 12 years in prison,
increasing to a possible 15 years with aggravating
circumstances. The penalty for sexual assault is 1 to 4
years in prison, increasing to 4 to 10 years with aggravating
circumstances.
¶41. (SBU) Sentencing guidelines in convictions for
encouraging, favoring, or facilitating the trafficking of
persons from, in transit or destined for Spain for the
purpose of sexual exploitation are subject to imprisonment
for 5 to 10 years, with an increase to 12 to 15 years if
trafficking is carried out with violence, intimidation,
MADRID 00000516 009.2 OF 012
deceit or abuse of the victim,s state of need. Under the
post-September 2003 sentencing guidelines of 5 to 10 years,
the average sentence was 5.7 years. Spanish judges often
combine a trafficking sentence with a sentence for crimes
involving theft, illegal detention, forgery of documents, or
extortion. When a defendant is convicted of an additional
crime two separate sentences must be served. Once sentenced,
prisoners generally serve 75 percent of their sentence before
being eligible for parole. However, a Supreme Court judge
ruled in February 2006 that each request for a reduction in
sentence for good behavior must be applied to each sentence
individually, meaning it is likely that criminals prosecuted
on multiple counts related to trafficking will likely serve
the entire sentence and will rarely see parole.
¶42. (SBU) Trafficking into Spain is generally controlled by
organized criminal gangs or mafias. The largest such groups
are the Romanian criminal organizations that traffic
prostitutes and construction laborers, often luring victims
with false offers of employment. The trafficking networks
from Eastern Europe tend to be larger and better organized
than the traffickers from Latin America and Africa. There
are no reports of Spanish government officials being involved
in trafficking. Profits from the trafficking both stay with
the traffickers in Spain and are channeled back to criminal
associates in the country of origin. Syndicates that traffic
humans are often involved in drug trafficking as well, and
trafficking victims often serve as couriers in the drug trade.
¶43. (SBU) The government actively investigates cases of
trafficking. Law enforcement agencies use a wide variety of
legally permitted investigative techniques, including phone
taps, undercover operations, and surveillance activities.
¶44. (SBU) The government provides specialized
anti-trafficking training to law enforcement agencies.
Training is provided to new recruits at the National Police
Academy in Avila. Additional specialized training is also
mandatory for candidates to be promoted to the inspector
level. Project Hope representatives regularly present
information regarding trafficking in persons and victims
assistance to police recruits at the national police academy
in Avila. NGOs report that, according to victims they
assist, police have become more sensitive to victims, needs
as a result of increased experience and training, and victims
no longer fear they will be deported if they are arrested.
¶45. (SBU) The government can extradite persons charged with
trafficking, including its own nationals. Spanish officials
identified 25 extraditions for trafficking-related offenses
in 2004 from Brazil, Italy, Ukraine, Russia, Romania,
Germany, Lithuania, and Belarus. Post does not have any data
on extraditions in 2005, but is continuing to investigate.
¶46. (SBU) There are no reports of government involvement in
trafficking or tolerance of trafficking at any level of the
government.
¶47. (SBU) There are no reports of government officials
involved with trafficking in persons this period. The
government is neither a source nor destination for the child
sex tourism industry.
¶48. (SBU) The government has ratified all of the mentioned
instruments. Dates of ratification are:
ILO Convention 182 -- April 2, 2001;
ILO Convention 29 -- August 29, 1932;
ILO Convention 105 -- November 6, 1967;
MADRID 00000516 010.2 OF 012
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child -- December 18, 2001;
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, Especially Women and Children -- March 1, 2002;
//PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS//
¶49. (SBU) The government provides assistance to trafficking
victims. Medical attention, including emergency care, is
provided through the national health care system. The
government funds various NGOs to provide shelter, counseling
and psychological assistance, legal assistance, job training,
placement and reinsertion services, and assistance in
obtaining visas that are available for those who testify
against traffickers. Many victims are afraid to testify or
collaborate because of threatened harm to themselves or their
families. Since 2000, the law has provided for victims of
trafficking networks who cooperate with the police the right
to return voluntarily to their home country with the
financing of the government or the possibility of remaining
permanently in Spain with residency permission. Under the
February 2005 modification to the Aliens Law, victims can now
more easily obtain residency permits.
¶50. (SBU) The government provides funding to NGOs to provide
most victims assistance services. NGOs submit annual grant
proposals to the government to furnish services to victims.
¶51. (SBU) There is no particular written plan or protocol
that deals with referring trafficking victims to NGOs, but in
practice, trafficking victims are referred directly by the
SNP and the Civil Guard to Project Hope, the Association for
Attention, Prevention and Reinsertion of Women Prostitutes
(APRAMP), or other NGOs in areas not serviced by these two
NGOs.
¶52. (SBU) Project Hope legal advisor and post,s
recommendation last year for the "Tip Hero" award Marta
Gonzalez took part in the Embassy,s International Visitor
Program in late April/early May 2005 and participated in a
Combating Trafficking in Persons workshop in the Department.
Ms. Gonzalez said the most valuable aspect of the workshop
was the opportunity to network with NGOs from countries of
origin which helps to facilitate the safe return of victims
to their home countries.
¶53. (SBU) Trafficking victims who agree to cooperate with the
prosecution of traffickers are processed separately from the
criminal population. Those who agree to testify in criminal
cases are eligible for visas to remain in Spain. The victims
that choose not to cooperate with authorities are
repatriated, which must legally occur within 40 days. Victims
who testify do not face prosecution for prostitution and can
have their immigrant status normalized by means of the
previously described visas.
¶54. (SBU) The government actively encourages victims to
assist in the investigation and prosecution of traffickers.
The government informs victims in writing of their right to
seek legal action and seek restitution from traffickers. If
the victim does not have sufficient economic means, they have
the right to a state appointed lawyer. Victims who cooperate
with police in Barcelona receive assistance from Barcelona
City Hall and the Catalan Regional Parliament in the form of
health services, employment programs, and immigration
counseling. Government-funded NGOs also provide legal
assistance to victims. Victims testifying against an
employer may seek visas that allow for employment in Spain.
MADRID 00000516 011.2 OF 012
There is a restitution program for victims.
¶55. (SBU) Spain has a Law for the Protection of Witnesses
that allows a judge to provide for witness protection in the
form of allowing a witness to remain anonymous, detailing
police escorts, providing economic assistance, and changing a
victim's identity. Witnesses are allowed to testify with
their voice distorted and their identity hidden. The
government provides these protections in practice to victims
that the judge deems at risk. Witnesses are often referred
to local NGOs for assistance in obtaining work after
testifying.
¶56. (SBU) The government provides specialized training to new
law enforcement officers in both the recognition of
trafficking and victim assistance. The SNP training program
in Avila includes collaboration with NGOs in the education
program. Spain provides financial and repatriation assistance
to its citizens at its embassies and consulates; however, the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs reports that they have never
received a report of a Spaniard being a victim of a
trafficking ring.
¶57. (SBU) The government provides for medical assistance,
economic assistance, and repatriation of its citizens through
Spanish embassies and consulates, although The Ministry of
Foreign Affairs is not aware of any Spanish nationals who are
victims of trafficking.
¶58. (SBU) A network of NGOs united in assisting victims of
trafficking was formed and this network is assisting the
government in the creation of a national plan against
trafficking.
¶59. (SBU) Project Hope provides assistance with medical and
legal services and acts as a liaison with law enforcement
agencies for victims who are willing to cooperate in
investigations. Project Hope also has a housing and
reinsertion program for victims of trafficking and smuggling
who wish to remain in Spain. The group will help women apply
for residence visas.
//TIP HERO//
¶60. (SBU) Post nominates Gentiana Susaj for the TIP Hero
award. Ms. Susaj is an Albanian lawyer who worked on
protection issues relating to trafficking victims with both
the OSCE and the UNHCR in Albania from 1999 to 2003. In
2004, she relocated to Spain with her husband, a UNHCR
employee and lawyer. Ms. Susaj worked in the UNHCR Madrid
office for a year before beginning to work independently on
trafficking issues. While at the UNHCR in Madrid and
thereafter, she was responsible for organizing several major
meetings of NGO and Spanish government personnel working on
trafficking issues in Spain. As a result of those meetings
and her commitment and expertise, NGO ACCEM (Asociacin
Comisin Catlica Espaola Migracin) hired her as a
consultant to continue to work on trafficking, principally to
formally develop the NGO network and to advocate that the
government draft and implement its national plan on
trafficking. In conjunction with the NGOs, she has drafted a
formal mission statement and objectives for the NGO network.
She has also been the driving force behind the drafting and
submission of recommendations to the government for areas to
address in its national plan. Although NGO representatives
have been active in both developing the victim assistance
network and encouraging the government to act, without Ms.
Susaj this work would not have moved forward as it has. Post
MADRID 00000516 012.2 OF 012
considers her a perfect candidate for the Hero Award.
AGUIRRE