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Viewing cable 06KINSHASA444, OFDA VISIT TO SOUTH KIVU

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Reference ID Created Released Classification Origin
06KINSHASA444 2006-03-15 14:58 2011-08-25 00:00 UNCLASSIFIED Embassy Kinshasa
VZCZCXRO9596
RR RUEHDU RUEHGI RUEHJO RUEHMR
DE RUEHKI #0444/01 0741458
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 151458Z MAR 06
FM AMEMBASSY KINSHASA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 3433
INFO RUEHXR/RWANDA COLLECTIVE
RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY
RUEHRO/USMISSION UN ROME
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 KINSHASA 000444 
 
SIPDIS 
 
SIPDIS 
UNCLAS AIDAC 
 
SIPDIS 
 
 
 
DISSEMINATION: KCTY 
CHARGE: PROG 
 
APPROVED: 
DRAFTED:  OFDA:  JNASH 
CLEARED: 
 
 
 
 
FM AMEMBASSY KINSHASA 
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 2647 
INFO RUEHXR/RWANDA COLLECTIVE 
RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT DOMMUNITY 
B T 
UNCLAS SECTION 
 
SIPDIS 
 
AIDAC 
 
AID/W FOR DCHA/OFDA- MMARX, CGOTTSCHALK, MSHIRLEY 
AID/W FOR DCHA/FFP- TANDERSON, NCOX, TMCRAE 
AID/W FOR DCHA/OTI- RJENKINS, KHUBER 
AID/W FOR AFR- KO'DONNELL, JBORNS 
NAIROBI FOR USAID/OFDA/ARO- JMYER,ADWYER 
NAIROBI FOR USAID/FFP- DSUTHER, ADEPREZ 
ROME FOR USUN FODAG- RNEWBERG 
GENEVA FOR NKYLOH 
 
E.O. 12958: N/A 
TAGS: EAID PHUM PREF KPKO CG
 
SUBJECT: OFDA VISIT TO SOUTH KIVU 
 
------- 
Summary 
------- 
 
1.  (U) This is the first of two communications reporting 
observations made by the USAID/OFDA DRC team during a 
three-week visit tourneeto in eastern DRC in February of 
2006.  Discussed here is the team's visit to South Kivu 
province in early February. 
 
2. (U) Traveling to first to Kitutu, in southern South 
Kivu, the USAID/OFDA team observed that the International 
Rescue Committees (IRC) was providing a valuable, life- 
saving service through its program of assistance to local 
health structures in the provision of primary health care. 
As this part of IRC's program appeared , however, to be 
less developed than others, USAID/OFDA expressed a desire 
to see Kitutu given more attention in the future.  Since 
the area is still plagued by violence associated with the 
movements of armed groups of Mai- Mai, FDLR and now a 
vigilante civilian protection militia, it was clear that 
this part of South Kivu would have to be considered as 
remaining in the "emergency" phase for at least another 
year.  Following Kitutu, the team traveled to Baraka and 
Fizi, also in southern South Kivu, but bordering Lake 
Tanganyika, to assess changes in the humanitarian 
situation resulting from three months of "facilitated 
repatriation" of Congolese refugees formally housed in 
refugee camps in Tanzania.   Reintegration appeared to be 
going relatively well for those refugees who had arrived 
after UNHCR had opened offices in Baraka, but the lack of 
support for all the "spontaneous" returns that had 
occurred before that was reported as creating tension in 
the communities.  Humanitarian actors who had been working 
with local populations before the arrival of UNHCR told 
the team that the lack of coordination of activities had 
now become a serious problem.  The USAID/OFDA-sponsored 
food security project implemented by Action Against Hunger 
(AAH) had experienced severe setbacks as a result of a 10- 
month drought in the area during 2005, but was found to 
have significantly contributed to the effort to facilitate 
refugees' return and reintegration.  In Bukavu, the team 
was told that military operations directed against FDLR 
elements had caused new population displacements in the 
Mwenga/Kamituga and Bunyakiri areas, but that details were 
not yet available since humanitarians had largely 
evacuated these areas, as suggested to them by MONUC, so 
as not to be in the middle of the fighting.  End summary. 
 
------ 
Kitutu 
------ 
 
2.  (U) On February 1, a USAID/OFDA team composed of 
Disaster Operations Specialist (DOS) Michelle Shirley 
(Washington), Senior Program Officer Jay Nash (Kinshasa) 
and Program Officer Victor Bushamuka (Kinshasa) traveled 
to  southern South Kivu to assess the impact of USAID/OFDA- 
funded activities in the area.  The team first visited 
 
KINSHASA 00000444  002 OF 006 
 
 
Kitutu, 230 kilometers (km) southwest of Bukavu, where 
USAID/OFDA partner the International Rescue Committee 
(IIRC) has been providing emergency support to the primary 
health care system. 
 
3. (U) The town of Kitutu was still under Mai- Mai control 
at the time of the OFDA team's visit. Local authorities 
were anxiously awaiting the arrival of "regular" FARDC 
troops to replace these Mai- Mai, who though all are 
officially now part of the new national army, have not yet 
to received any formal induction or retraining.  Although 
some parts of South Kivu have stabilized since the 
institution installation of the transitional government in 
June of 2003, Kitutu has not seen dramatic change.  The 
area remains extremely isolated, at the end of a barely 
passable road from Bukavu which passes first through 
Mwenga and Kamituga.  The road used once to continued 
southward all the way to Kasongo, in Maniema province, but 
Kitutu has been completely cut off from population centers 
to the south since the beginning of the war. Only 
motorcycles can manage the stretch of this road from 
Kamituga to Kitutu. 
 
4. (U) Kitutu town was occupied by Rwandan RPF forces 
during much of the 1998-2003 Congo-Rwanda war, and local 
priests report having seeinng a great deal of very brutal 
violence during and since that time.  Currently, residents 
of Kitutu, and the many displaced persons from other 
villages in the area who now live there, can travel out of 
town only a few kilometers without running the risk of 
encountering either active FDLR elements or gangs of 
unfriendly Mai- Mai who will, at a minimum, rob the 
civilians.  Often they also commit acts of violence, 
including beatings and rape.  In recent months, residents 
of villages in the Kalole area southeast of Kitutu began 
resisting the Mai- Mai presence by forming a new vigilante 
group called "Raia Mutomboki", which is Swahili for 
"citizen in revolt".  The group, which took on several Mai- 
Mai strongholds brandishing machetes and wearing no 
clothes at all, was surprisingly successful in pushing the 
Mai- Mai out of the area. 
 
5. (U) The OFDA team found IRC to be providing a valuable 
service in supporting the local health structures, who are 
completely cut off from any other outside support, but 
nevertheless felt that this part of the IRC project was 
considerably less developed and had received significantly 
less attention than the corresponding efforts in Kamituga 
and Mwenga, which were both visited in previous trips to 
the area.  There are no resident expatriates to oversee 
the program, and supervision visits from Bukavu appear to 
have become relatively few and far between.  Though this 
is no doubt partially due to the distance isolation of 
Kitutu, OFDA Reps asked IRC to work quickly to address the 
situation. 
 
6. (U) It was clear to the USAID/OFDA team that the Kitutu 
Health Zone should be considered to still be squarely in 
the to be in an emergency phase, both because of the 
 
KINSHASA 00000444  003 OF 006 
 
 
security situation and the relatively low degree of 
attention it has received from the humanitarian community 
to date. The community seemed extremely grateful for the 
IRC intervention, and the health workers told the OFDA 
reps flatly that without IRC, there would be virtually no 
health care at all in the Kitutu Health Zone. The team 
felt that OFDA would need to continue its support to the 
area for at least the next six months and perhaps 
considerably longer, depending on the ability of 
government troops to bring peace and stability to the 
area. 
 
7. (U) The local health staff impressed the USAID/OFDA 
team as being remarkably dedicated for professionals 
living in such a very difficult and remote part of the 
province.  Kitutu used to be part of the Mwenga health 
zone, but was since last year designated to be its own 
health zone as part of a country-wide restructuring of the 
health system last year.  There were no doctors and no 
hospital before, but now there are two young doctors 
assigned to the zone, and the central health center of 
Kitutu town has been converted into a small hospital.  IRC 
is assisting the local staff to renovate this health 
center and to construct a maternity ward. 
 
8. (U) In contrast to their generally positive view of 
IRC, local officials were less than enthusiastic with 
regard to the food-security interventions of USAID/OFDA's 
other partner in the area:  Food for the Hungry 
International (FHI).  They complained that FHI did not 
maintain a presence in Kitutu, and that the seeds that had 
been delivered had not been well synchronized with the 
agricultural season and thus had not produced well. 
USAID/OFDA reps raised this issue with FHI headquarters in 
Bukavu upon return from Kitutu, but found that FHI's 
records suggest that seeds were distributed at exactly the 
right moment.  Nevertheless, FHI assured the team that 
they would conduct a detailed assessment of the results of 
the project in Kitutu and deliver a full report by the end 
of March.  As health officials were reporting an increase 
in the number of cases of malnutrition arriving at health 
centers, USAID/OFDA will ask that FHI explore the 
territory's experience with fish farming and perhaps, 
security permitting, and assuming a continuation of the 
program, suggest that might be included in future 
proposals. 
 
----------- 
Baraka-Fizi 
----------- 
 
9. (U) Following the Kitutu visit, the OFDA team returned 
to southern South Kivu to assess changes in the situation 
in the Baraka-Fizi area since OFDA Rep Bushamuka's visit 
to that area in December 2005.  With the large number of 
spontaneous returnees from Tanzania over the past year, 
and especially the recent "facilitated return" program 
which UNHCR began in October of 2005, Fizi and Baraka had 
clearly returned to life, with each day bringing progress 
 
 
*********************** 
* Missing Section 004 * 
*********************** 
 
 
KINSHASA 00000444  005 OF 006 
 
 
ration upon arrival at transit camps in Baraka and Kazimia 
before being transported to selected drop-off sites closer 
to their home villages.  Families judged to be 
particularly vulnerable are also receiving also tin 
roofing, wood, and technical support to assist them in 
building new houses.  One the trip, the USAID/OFDA 
tripteam saw numerous families constructing small houses 
with materials supplied by Norwegian Refugee Council, 
ACTED or Tear Fund. 
 
13. (U) One weakness of the program is that because of 
poor road conditions in the area, UNHCR's drop-off points 
are in many cases still far from the villages which are 
the returnees' destinations.  Because some of the 
returnees will still have to walk as many as 150 
kilometers after being dropped off, a significant 
percentage reportedly prefer to sell their food and non- 
food packages rather than take the whole load with them. 
Another weakness is that, again, due to non-existent 
infrastructure, health centers which can provide returnees 
with the 6-months of free health care to which they are 
entitled, are often located far from the actual home 
villages. 
 
14. (U) A problem cited by International international 
NGOs who were working in the area before the arrival of 
UNHCR complain that UNHCR has not been readily sharing 
information with them as to the eventual destinations of 
the new arrivals, and has generally not made much of an 
effort to make sure its activities are well-coordinated 
with those who already had programs in the area. 
Coordination is particularly important at the present time 
because the beginning of the UNHCR facilitated return and 
the additional funding now available through UNHCR have 
attracted many new INGOs and NGOs to the area.  The more 
experienced NGOs complain that the many of the newer 
actors try to work without having a base in the area and 
without knowing the area well, which leads to duplication 
of efforts or the disturbance of existing programs. 
Caritas/Uvira, for example, hurriedly distributed seeds in 
some communities without first consulting with other 
actors to see if seed distributions had already occurred 
in those villages or were already planned by someone else. 
UNOCHA opened an office in Baraka in July 2005, but to 
date has had limited success in getting the various actors 
in the various sectors to come together to discuss their 
plans in coordination meetings. 
 
15. (U) Another problem that "old" International 
international NGOs are experiencing is that with the 
arrival of UNHCR and its partners, the intended 
beneficiaries of some of their programs are "not 
available" to participate in programs planned to increase 
food security.  ACF AAH reports, for instance, that rather 
than plant and cultivate, returnees spend all their time 
running between the various offices which provide 
assistance of one type or another to make sure they are on 
any lists of intended recipients.  In addition, ACF AAH 
has found this group of beneficiaries to be difficult to 
 
KINSHASA 00000444  006 OF 006 
 
 
work with in general, since, after years of living in 
refugee camps where everything was provided free - 
including food, education, health care, shelter, etc. - by 
external actors, they have a particularly strong sense of 
entitlement to all types of assistance and little 
inclination to want to participate in programs where the 
assistance requires effort on their part. 
 
16. (U) Finally, the most serious problem for the moment 
seems to be that few of those refugees who returned before 
UNHCR set up an office in Baraka in mid- 2005, have 
received any assistance at all, though they have documents 
showing that they also came also from the UNHCR-run camps 
in Tanzania.  According to NGOs working in the area, this 
discrepancy in assistance is creating tension between the 
groups.  Upon return to Kinshasa, OFDA reps raised this 
question with the head of UNHCR in DRC, who said he was 
unaware of this situation and would investigate it 
personally and subsequently provide more information. 
 
 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
Military offensives directed against FDLR strongholds 
--------------------------------------------- -------- 
 
17, (U) Although the OFDA team did not spend much time in 
Bukavu, the South Kivu capital, various humanitarian 
actors there, including UNOCHA, expressed concern about 
ongoing FARDC offensives against the Rwandan FDLR 
elements, particularly in the Mwenga-Kamituga area.  MONUC 
had reportedly asked the FARDC to wait until it had 
completed a rotation of its peacekeeping troops and would 
be in a better position to assist with logistics, but the 
FARDC proceeded anyway, largely, many observers believe, 
with the political objective of showing both Rwanda and 
the populations of the Kivus that it was taking a hard 
line against the FDLR.  Unfortunately, FARDC efforts 
against the FDLR in South Kivu have never had much success 
even when assisted by MONUC, and humanitarians felt that 
the latest round of activity had simply resulted in the 
needless displacement of civilian populations from the 
affected areas. 
 
18. (U) As of February 26, MONUC has again lent logistic 
support to FARDC anti-FDLR efforts, and the Bunyakiri area 
has been added to the list of operational zones.  A week 
prior to this new campaign, MONUC had advised humanitarian 
organizations to pull their personnel from the field for 
the duration.  Most, including USAID/OFDA partners IRC (in 
Mwenga and Kamituga) and IMC (in Bunyakiri, Kalonge and 
Hombo) complied with this suggestion, and now have their 
staffs on standby in Bukavu.  Though UNOCHA/Bukavu has 
reports of the displacement of as many as 10,000 to 12,000 
families in the Bunyakiri-Kalonge area, the figures are 
impossible to confirm since military activity has just 
been completed is ongoing and the area remains to unsafe 
for humanitarians to visit. 
MEECE.