Currently released so far... 97115 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
2011/08/25
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Consulate Kaduna
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Ponta Delgada
Consulate Peshawar
REO Mosul
REO Kirkuk
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
US Delegation FEST TWO
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AF
ADANA
ASEC
AFIN
AMGT
AE
AORC
AID
AR
AO
AU
ASEAN
AGOA
AFGHANISTAN
AFFAIRS
AMED
APER
ASECARP
APEC
AEMR
AS
AA
ANET
AFLU
ABLD
AL
ASUP
AJ
APECO
AMER
ABUD
AODE
AM
AFSN
AESC
AND
AG
ALOW
AROC
AVIANFLU
ATRN
ACOA
AEGR
AMGMT
AADP
AFSI
ACABQ
APRM
AZ
AIDS
ASE
AGAO
ADCO
ABDALLAH
ARF
AIDAC
ACOTA
ASCH
AC
ASEG
AGR
ACS
AMCHAMS
AN
AMIA
ASIG
ADPM
ADB
ANARCHISTS
ALOWAR
ARM
AUC
AINF
AINT
AORG
AY
AVIAN
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARSO
ARABBL
ASO
ANTITERRORISM
ARABL
AOWC
AGRICULTURE
ALJAZEERA
AMTC
AFINM
AOCR
ABER
ARR
AFPK
ASSEMBLY
ASSK
AZE
AORCYM
AINR
AGMT
AEC
ACKM
APRC
AIN
ASCC
AFPREL
ASED
APERTH
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AOMS
AORCO
ANTXON
ARC
AFAF
ADIP
AIAG
AFARI
AEMED
AORL
AX
ASECAF
AOPC
ASECAFIN
AFZAL
APCS
AMB
AGUIRRE
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AIT
ARCH
AMEX
ALI
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
ALEXANDER
ATRD
AEIR
AOIC
ABLDG
ASEX
AFR
ASCE
ATRA
ASEK
AER
ALOUNI
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AMAT
AEMRS
ASPA
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ALL
AECL
ACAO
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORD
AFL
AME
ADM
ASECPHUM
AGIT
ABT
ASECVE
AGUILAR
AT
ABMC
ALZUGUREN
ANGEL
ASR
ANTONIO
BMGT
BEXP
BM
BG
BL
BA
BR
BTA
BO
BY
BBSR
BLUE
BK
BF
BTIO
BELLVIEW
BE
BU
BN
BH
BD
BC
BTC
BILAT
BT
BX
BRUSSELS
BP
BB
BRPA
BUSH
BURMA
BMENA
BESP
BIT
BBG
BGD
BMEAID
BAGHDAD
BEN
BIO
BMOT
BWC
BLUNT
BURNS
BUT
BGMT
BAIO
BCW
BOEHNER
BFIF
BOL
BASHAR
BIMSTEC
BOU
BIDEN
BZ
BFIN
BTRA
BI
BHUM
BOIKO
BERARDUCCI
BOUCHAIB
BORDER
BEXPC
BTIU
BTT
BIOS
BEXB
BGPGOV
BOND
BLR
CE
CG
CH
CVR
CASC
CU
CI
CD
CO
CDG
CB
CJAN
CPAS
COM
CVIS
CMGT
CT
CENTCOM
CNARC
CTERR
COUNTER
CHIEF
CDC
CTR
CBW
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CY
CA
CM
CS
CWC
CN
CITES
CF
CWG
CIVS
CFIS
CASCC
CROATIA
CONS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CASA
COE
CJ
CHR
CODEL
CR
CBC
CACS
CHERTOFF
CAS
CONTROL
CONDITIONS
CONDOLEEZZA
CITEL
CV
CLINTON
CHG
CZ
CON
CTBT
CEN
CRIMES
COMMERCE
CLOK
CRISTINA
CFED
CARC
CND
CTM
CARICOM
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CBTH
CHINA
CSW
CICTE
CJUS
CYPRUS
CW
CAMBODIA
CENSUS
CIDA
CRIME
CBG
CBE
CMGMT
CAIO
CEC
CARSON
CPCTC
CEDAW
COMESA
CVIA
CWCM
CEA
COSI
CAPC
CGEN
COPUOS
CGOPRC
COETRD
CKGR
CFE
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CLO
CAFTA
CVISU
CHRISTOPHER
CACM
CIAT
CDB
CIS
CUL
CHAO
CNC
CL
CSEP
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAN
CAJC
CUIS
CONSULAR
CLMT
CIA
CBSA
CEUDA
CAC
CROS
CIO
CPUOS
CKOR
CVPR
CONG
CONTROLS
CEPTER
CVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGKIRF
CDCE
DPOL
DEMARCHE
DHS
DR
DA
DISENGAGEMENT
DEMOCRATIC
DEFENSE
DJ
DY
DARFUR
DHRF
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DO
DARFR
DOC
DRL
DK
DOJ
DTRA
DOMESTIC
DAC
DOD
DEAX
DIEZ
DEOC
DELTAVIOLENCE
DCOM
DMINE
DRC
DCG
DPKO
DOMESTICPOLITICS
DE
DB
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DHLAKAMA
DHSX
DS
DKEM
DAO
DCM
DANIEL
DEM
DAVID
DCRM
ETRD
EAGR
ETTC
EAID
ECON
EFIN
ECIN
EINV
ELAB
EAIR
ENRG
EPET
EWWT
ECPS
EIND
EMIN
ELTN
EC
ETMIN
EUC
EZ
ET
ELECTIONS
ENVR
EU
EUN
EG
EINT
ER
ECONOMICS
ES
EMS
ENIV
EEB
EN
ECE
ECOSOC
EK
ENVIRONMENT
EFIS
EI
EWT
ENGRD
ECPSN
EXIM
EIAD
ERIN
ECPC
EDEV
ENGY
ECTRD
EPA
ESTH
ECCT
EINVECON
ENGR
ERTD
EUR
EAP
EWWC
ELTD
EL
EXIMOPIC
EXTERNAL
ETRDEC
ESCAP
ECO
EGAD
ELNT
ECONOMIC
ENV
ETRN
EIAR
EUMEM
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EREL
ECOM
ECONETRDEAGRJA
ETCC
ETRG
ECONOMY
EMED
ETR
ENERG
EITC
EFINOECD
EURM
EENG
ERA
EXPORT
ENRD
ECONEINVETRDEFINELABETRDKTDBPGOVOPIC
EGEN
EBRD
EVIN
ETRAD
ECOWAS
EFTA
ECONETRDBESPAR
EGOVSY
EPIN
EID
ECONENRG
EDRC
ESENV
ETT
EB
ENER
ELTNSNAR
ECHEVARRIA
ETRC
EPIT
EDUC
ESA
EFI
ENRGY
ESCI
EE
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
ECIP
EIAID
EIVN
EBEXP
ESTN
EING
EGOV
ETRA
EPETEIND
ELAN
ETRDGK
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
EPEC
ENVI
ELN
EAG
EPCS
EPRT
EPTED
ETRB
EUM
EAIDS
EFIC
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EAIDAR
ESF
EIDN
ELAM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
ECN
EDA
EXBS
EINTECPS
ENRGTRGYETRDBEXPBTIOSZ
EPREL
EAC
EINVEFIN
ETA
EAGER
EINDIR
ECA
ECLAC
ELAP
EITI
EUCOM
ECONEFINETRDPGOVEAGRPTERKTFNKCRMEAID
EARG
ELDIN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
EFINTS
ECCP
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
EAIDNI
EFQ
ECOQKPKO
EGPHUM
EBUD
ECONEINVEFINPGOVIZ
ENERGY
ELB
EINDETRD
EMI
ECONEFIN
EIB
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EIN
EFIM
ETIO
ELAINE
EMN
EATO
EWTR
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
EPPD
ENRGIZ
EISL
ESPINOSA
ELEC
EAIG
ESLCO
EUREM
ENTG
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ECINECONCS
ETRO
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
EFND
EPECO
EAIRECONRP
ERGR
ETRDPGOV
ECPN
ENRGMO
EPWR
EET
EAIS
EAGRE
EDUARDO
EAGRRP
EAIDPHUMPRELUG
EICN
ECONQH
EVN
EGHG
ELBR
EINF
EAIDHO
EENV
ETEX
ERNG
ED
FR
FREEDOM
FINREF
FJ
FI
FRELIMO
FOREIGN
FAA
FETHI
FAS
FTAA
FRB
FAO
FCS
FINANCE
FWS
FTA
FEMA
FDA
FLU
FRANCISCO
FBI
FORCE
FO
FARC
FK
FT
FCSC
FAC
FM
FMGT
FINV
FCSCEG
FARM
FERNANDO
FINR
FIN
FINE
FIR
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FCUL
FKLU
FMLN
FISO
FIXED
GM
GMUS
GG
GR
GE
GAZA
GT
GH
GZ
GJ
GLOBAL
GV
GABY
GOI
GA
GCC
GB
GY
GATT
GC
GUAM
GEORGE
GTIP
GOV
GOMEZ
GUTIERREZ
GL
GKGIC
GF
GU
GWI
GARCIA
GTMO
GN
GANGS
GIPNC
GAERC
GREGG
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
GERARD
GI
HK
HR
HUMANR
HUMAN
HO
HA
HUMANRIGHTS
HU
HHS
HIV
HUM
HRKAWC
HILLEN
HILLARY
HDP
HUMRIT
HSTC
HUMANITARIAN
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HURI
HL
HRETRD
HOURANI
HG
HARRIET
HESHAM
HI
HNCHR
HARRY
HRECON
HRC
HOSTAGES
HEBRON
HUMOR
HSWG
HYMPSK
HECTOR
HN
HYDE
HUD
HRPGOV
HIGHLIGHTS
ID
ILC
IS
IZ
ICAO
IMO
ITU
IR
IAEA
ICRC
IPROP
IT
IBRD
ISRAELI
IRAQI
ISSUES
ITRA
IV
IO
IGAD
IRAQ
IN
IMF
ICTR
ISCON
IADB
IDB
IEA
INR
IWC
ICCAT
ILO
INMARSAT
IOM
ICJ
IQ
ISPA
ITRD
IPR
INTELSAT
ISN
IAHRC
INTERNAL
IFAD
IICA
IHO
IRAN
IL
IRCE
IC
INTELLECTUAL
IRM
IE
ICTY
IDLI
IFO
ISCA
INF
INL
ISRAEL
INV
IBB
INFLUENZA
ISPL
ITER
ITIA
INRA
ISAF
IACHR
INTERPOL
IFR
IRS
INRB
IEF
ISAAC
ICC
INDO
IIP
IATTC
INAUGURATION
IND
INS
IZPREL
IACI
IEFIN
INNP
ILAB
IA
IMTS
ITALY
ITALIAN
IFIN
IRAJ
IX
ICG
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IACW
IK
IUCN
IZEAID
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
ISO
ICES
IRMO
ITPGOV
IQNV
IMSO
IRDB
IMET
INCB
IFRC
JA
JO
JP
JM
JCIC
JOHN
JE
JEFFERY
JS
JUS
JN
JOHNNIE
JAMES
JKUS
JOSEPH
JML
JAWAD
JSRP
JIMENEZ
JOSE
JKJUS
JK
JAPAN
KMDR
KPAO
KPKO
KJUS
KCRM
KGHG
KFRD
KWMN
KDEM
KTFN
KHIV
KGIC
KIDE
KSCA
KNNP
KHUM
KIPR
KSUM
KISL
KIRF
KCOR
KRCM
KPAL
KWBG
KN
KS
KOMC
KSEP
KFLU
KPWR
KTIA
KSEO
KMPI
KHLS
KICC
KSTH
KMCA
KVPR
KPRM
KE
KU
KZ
KFLO
KSAF
KTIP
KTEX
KBCT
KOCI
KOLY
KOR
KAWC
KACT
KUNR
KTDB
KSTC
KLIG
KSKN
KNN
KCFE
KCIP
KGHA
KHDP
KPOW
KUNC
KDRL
KV
KPREL
KCRS
KPOL
KRVC
KRIM
KGIT
KWIR
KT
KIRC
KOMO
KRFD
KUWAIT
KG
KFIN
KSCI
KTFIN
KFTN
KGOV
KPRV
KSAC
KGIV
KCRIM
KPIR
KSOC
KBIO
KW
KGLB
KMWN
KPO
KFSC
KSEAO
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KREC
KFPC
KUNH
KCSA
KMRS
KNDP
KR
KICCPUR
KPPAO
KCSY
KTBT
KCIS
KNEP
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KNNB
KGCC
KINR
KPOP
KMFO
KENV
KNAR
KVIR
KDRG
KDMR
KFCE
KNAO
KDEN
KGCN
KICA
KIMMITT
KMCC
KLFU
KMSG
KSEC
KUM
KCUL
KMNP
KSMT
KCOM
KOMCSG
KSPR
KPMI
KRAD
KIND
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KTER
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KITA
KTSC
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KJUST
KMIG
KLAB
KTFR
KSEI
KSTT
KAPO
KSTS
KLSO
KWNN
KPOA
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KBTS
KWWW
KY
KJRE
KPAOKMDRKE
KCRCM
KSCS
KWMNCI
KESO
KWUN
KPLS
KIIP
KEDEM
KPAOY
KRIF
KGICKS
KREF
KTRD
KFRDSOCIRO
KTAO
KJU
KWMNPHUMPRELKPAOZW
KEN
KO
KNEI
KEMR
KKIV
KEAI
KWAC
KRCIM
KWCI
KFIU
KWIC
KCORR
KOMS
KNNO
KPAI
KBWG
KTTB
KTBD
KTIALG
KILS
KFEM
KTDM
KESS
KNUC
KPA
KOMCCO
KCEM
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KWN
KERG
KLTN
KALM
KCCP
KSUMPHUM
KREL
KGH
KLIP
KTLA
KAWK
KWMM
KVRP
KVRC
KAID
KSLG
KDEMK
KX
KIF
KNPR
KCFC
KFTFN
KTFM
KPDD
KCERS
KMOC
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KDRM
KEPREL
KBTR
KEDU
KNP
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KISLPINR
KTPN
KA
KJUSTH
KPIN
KDEV
KTDD
KAKA
KFRP
KWNM
KTSD
KINL
KJUSKUNR
KWWMN
KECF
KWBC
KPRO
KVBL
KOM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KEDM
KFLD
KLPM
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KM
KWMNCS
KAWS
KLAP
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KPFO
KDP
KCMR
KRMS
KNPT
KNNNP
KTIAPARM
KDTB
KNUP
KPGOV
KNAP
KNNC
KUK
KSRE
KREISLER
KIVP
KQ
KTIAEUN
KPALAOIS
KRM
KISLAO
KWM
KFLOA
LE
LU
LH
LA
LG
LO
LY
LANTERN
LI
LABOR
LORAN
LTTE
LT
LAS
LAB
LAW
LVPR
LARREA
LEBIK
LAURA
LS
LOTT
LOVE
LR
LEON
LAVIN
LGAT
LV
LAOS
LOG
LN
LB
MOPS
MO
MARR
ML
MASS
MZ
MR
MNUC
MX
MV
MCC
MY
MEDIA
MTCRE
MG
MCAP
MOPPS
MP
MI
MK
MC
MD
MA
MU
MASC
MW
MT
MEPP
MN
MTCR
MH
MEPI
MIL
MNUCPTEREZ
MMAR
MICHAEL
MUNC
MDC
MPOS
MONUC
MAR
MGMT
MAS
MEPN
MENDIETA
MARIA
MONTENEGRO
MOOPS
MSG
MARITIME
MURRAY
MUKASEY
MOTO
MCA
MFO
MEX
MRSEC
MMED
MACP
MAAR
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MAPP
MGT
MARQUEZ
MANUEL
MNUR
MCCAIN
MF
MOHAMMAD
MOHAMED
MNU
MFA
MILITANTS
MINORITIES
MTS
MLS
MILI
MIAH
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MARAD
MNVC
MINURSO
MNUCUN
MIK
MARK
MBM
MPP
MILITARY
MAPS
MNUK
MILA
MTRRE
MACEDONIA
MICHEL
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
MARRGH
MRCRE
MTRE
MORALES
MAP
MCTRE
MHUC
MOPSGRPARM
MOROCCO
MCAPS
NL
NU
NS
NI
NPT
NATO
NO
NG
NATEU
NSF
NZ
NAS
NP
NDP
NLD
NGO
NEPAD
NAFTA
NASA
NEA
NGUYEN
NIH
NK
NIPP
NONE
NR
NANCY
NEGROPONTE
NRR
NERG
NSSP
NSG
NSFO
NE
NATSIOS
NFSO
NATIONAL
NTDB
NT
NCD
NTSB
NRC
NELSON
NAM
NH
NPG
NEC
NSC
NFATC
NMFS
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NARC
NCCC
NA
NC
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NEY
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NW
NARCOTICS
NORAD
NOAA
NON
NTTC
NKNNP
NMNUC
NUMBERING
ODIP
OIIP
OPRC
OSCE
OREP
OTRA
OPET
OSCI
OVIP
OECD
OCII
OUALI
OPDC
OEXC
OFPD
OPIC
OFDP
OPCW
OECV
OAS
OM
OMIG
ODAG
OPREP
ORA
OIC
OEXCSCULKPAO
OIG
OASS
OFFICIALS
ORTA
OSAC
OIL
OIE
OEXP
OPEC
OPDAT
OMS
OES
OHI
OMAR
OCRA
OFSO
OCBD
OSTA
OAO
ONA
OTP
ORC
OAU
OXEC
OA
ODPC
OPDP
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OASC
OSHA
OPCD
OTR
OPPI
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OSTRA
OASCC
OBSP
OFDA
OPICEAGR
OIM
OGAC
OTA
OTRAORP
OPPC
OESC
OCEA
OVP
ON
OPAD
OTAR
OCS
ODC
OTRD
OCED
OSD
ORUE
OREG
PHUM
PINR
PTER
PGOV
PREL
PREF
PL
PM
PHSA
PE
PARM
PINS
PK
PUNE
PO
PALESTINIAN
PU
PBTS
PROP
PTBS
POL
POLI
PA
PGOVZI
POLMIL
POLITICAL
PARTIES
POLM
PD
POLITICS
POLICY
PAS
PMIL
PINT
PNAT
PV
PKO
PPOL
PERSONS
PING
PBIO
PH
PETR
PARMS
PRES
PCON
PETERS
PRELBR
PT
PLAB
PP
PAK
PDEM
PKPA
PSOCI
PF
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PSOE
PELOSI
PROPERTY
PGOVPREL
PARP
PRL
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PBOV
PAO
PKK
PROV
PHSAK
PHUMPREL
PROTECTION
PGOVBL
PSI
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PUM
PRELKPKO
PATTY
PSOC
PRIVATIZATION
PRELSP
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PREC
PAIGH
PROG
PSHA
PARK
PETER
POG
PHUS
PPREL
PS
PTERPREL
PRELPGOV
POV
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PGOVPRELPHUMPREFSMIGELABEAIDKCRMKWMN
PWBG
PMAR
PREM
PAR
PNR
PRELPGOVEAIDECONEINVBEXPSCULOIIPBTIO
PARMIR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PARTM
PN
PRE
PTE
PY
POLUN
PPEL
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PIRF
PGOVPM
PBST
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PRM
PRELKPAOIZ
PGVO
PERL
PGOC
PAGR
PMIN
PHUMR
PVIP
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PINL
PKPAL
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PHAS
PODC
PRHUM
PHUMA
PREO
PPA
PEPFAR
PGO
PRGOV
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PKFK
PEPR
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PGOVPHUMKPAO
PRELECON
PINOCHET
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PRELC
PREK
PHUME
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVPZ
PGOVKCRM
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PRELSW
PAHO
PEDRO
PRELA
PASS
PPAO
PGPV
PNUM
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PRFE
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PHUMPGOV
PVOV
PHSAPREL
PROLIFERATION
PENA
PRELTBIOBA
PIN
PRELL
PGOVPTER
PHAM
PHYTRP
PTEL
PTERPGOV
PHARM
PROTESTS
PRELAF
PKBL
PRELKPAO
PKNP
PARMP
PHUML
PFOV
PERM
PUOS
PRELGOV
PHUMPTER
PARAGRAPH
PERURENA
PBTSEWWT
PCI
PETROL
PINSO
PINSCE
PQL
PEREZ
PBS
RS
REFUGEES
RW
RP
RELFREE
RO
REGIONAL
RIGHTS
REACTION
REPORT
RU
RENAMO
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RM
REFUGEE
REL
RELATIONS
ROW
RREL
REGION
RATIFICATION
RBI
RICE
ROOD
RODENAS
RUIZ
RODHAM
ROBERT
RGY
ROY
REUBEN
RELIGIOUS
RUEHZO
RODRIGUEZ
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
RSO
RCMP
REO
ROSS
RPTS
RENE
REID
RUPREL
RMA
RI
REMON
RPEL
RFE
RFIN
RA
RAFAEL
RAY
RUS
RPREL
ROBERTG
RECIN
RAMONTEIJELO
SNAR
SP
SN
SMIG
SL
SOCI
SU
SG
SF
SENV
SZ
SOE
SCUL
SY
SO
SR
SYR
SE
SA
SW
SIPDIS
SCIENCE
SADC
SI
SCI
SOCIETY
SC
SAARC
STR
SECRETARY
SANC
SSH
ST
SNA
SGWI
SEP
SOCIS
SETTLEMENTS
SPECIALIST
SK
SHUM
START
STET
SCVL
SREF
SCHUL
SCUIL
SYRIA
SECURITY
SPCE
SYAI
SMIL
SOWGC
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SNAP
SPP
SCUD
SOM
SPECI
SMIGBG
SENC
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SENVSXE
SASIAIN
SACU
SENVSPL
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCOI
SCRS
SILVASANDE
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SM
SNARKTFN
SAAD
SD
SAN
SIPRNET
STATE
SENS
SUBJECT
SFNV
SECSTATE
SSA
SPCVIS
SOI
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SPTER
SKSAF
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SANR
SPSTATE
SMITH
SCOM
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
SNARM
SIPDI
SCPR
SNIG
SELAB
SULLIVAN
SENVENV
SECDEF
SOLIC
SOIC
SPAS
SASC
SOSI
SEC
SEN
SENVCASCEAIDID
TU
TH
TW
TSPA
TRGY
TPHY
TBIO
TIFA
TS
TZ
TX
TSPL
TT
TK
TC
TINT
TERFIN
TERRORISM
TIP
TURKEY
TI
TECHNOLOGY
TNGD
TRSY
TRAFFICKING
TOPEC
TPSL
TP
TD
TR
TA
TIO
TREATY
TO
THPY
TECH
TRADE
TPSA
TG
TAGS
TF
TRAD
THKSJA
TVBIO
TNDG
TN
TBIOZK
TWI
TV
TWL
TRT
TWRO
TSRY
TTPGOV
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TRBIO
TL
TPKO
TIA
TGRY
TSPAM
TREL
TNAR
TBI
TFIN
TPHYPA
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
TPP
TE
THANH
TJ
TBKIO
UNGA
USUN
UN
UG
UNSC
UK
UP
US
UNCTAD
UNVIE
UNHRC
USTR
UNAMA
UNCRIME
UNESCO
UV
UNDP
UNHCR
UNCSD
UNCHR
UZ
USAID
UNEP
UNO
UNPUOS
UY
UNDC
UNCITRAL
UNAUS
UNCND
UA
UNMIK
USTDA
USEU
USDA
UNICEF
UR
UNFICYP
USNC
USTRRP
UNODC
UNRWA
UNOMIG
USTRPS
USAU
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
UNFPA
UNSCE
USSC
UGA
UEU
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNION
UNCLASSIFIED
USPS
UNA
UMIK
USOAS
UNMOVIC
UNFA
UNAIDS
UNCHC
USGS
UNSE
UNRCR
UNTERR
USG
UE
UAE
UNWRA
UNCSW
UNSCR
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNPAR
UNC
UB
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNREST
UNHR
USPTO
UNFCYP
USCG
UNIDROIT
UNSCD
UPU
UNBRO
UNECE
USTRUWR
UNCC
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
VM
VE
VT
VETTING
VN
VZ
VIS
VC
VTPREL
VIP
VTEAID
VTEG
VOA
VA
VTIZ
VANG
VISIT
VO
VENZ
VAT
VI
VEPREL
VEN
WFP
WTO
WHO
WTRO
WBG
WMO
WIPO
WA
WI
WSIS
WHA
WCL
WE
WMN
WEBZ
WS
WAR
WZ
WMD
WW
WILLIAM
WEET
WAEMU
WM
WWBG
WWT
WWARD
WITH
WMDT
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WALTER
WRTO
WB
WHTI
WBEG
WCI
WEF
WAKI
WHOA
WGC
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 06DAKAR527, GUINEA-BISSAU: TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #06DAKAR527.
| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06DAKAR527 | 2006-03-02 07:47 | 2011-08-24 16:30 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Dakar |
VZCZCXRO4680
RR RUEHPA
DE RUEHDK #0527/01 0610747
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 020747Z MAR 06
FM AMEMBASSY DAKAR
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 4413
INFO RUEAWJA/DEPT OF JUSTICE WASHDC
RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHDC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RUEAHLC/DEPT OF HOMELAND SECURITY WASHINGTON DC
RUEHZK/ECOWAS COLLECTIVE
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 09 DAKAR 000527
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
DEPT FOR G/TIP, AF/RSA, AF/W, G, INL, DRL, PRM, AND G/IWI
BAMAKO FOR TIP OFFICER
CONAKRY FOR TIP OFFICER
BANJUL FOR TIP OFFICER
ACCRA FOR USAID/WARP
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PHUM KCRM KWMN ELAB SMIG ASEC KFRD PREF PU
SUBJECT: GUINEA-BISSAU: TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT
REF: A. STATE 003836,
¶B. DAKAR 0325
¶C. 05 STATE 000674
SUMMARY
-------
¶1. (SBU) Guinea-Bissau is a source of children trafficked
for forced agricultural work and begging, primarily in
Senegal. Muslim Koranic teachers, known as marabouts,
travel from Senegal or send intermediaries to convince
parents to send children purportedly for a religious
education. Children are routinely beaten and subjected to
harsh treatment and often their families never hear from
them again. There are no statistics or reliable estimates
on the scope of the problem. The GOGB has demonstrated
that it has the political will to combat this issue,
particularly in terms of prevention and assistance to
victims, and has devoted scarce resources to trafficking.
However, prosecution would mean getting tough with widely
revered Muslim teachers, a politically unpopular measure.
¶2. (SBU) Children have been required to beg for food and
money to receive education from Koranic schools for
generations. Some fathers and community leaders who send
children away to learn to read the Koran experienced
similar situations, although abuse appears to be growing
and education dwindling. Public discussion, radio
programs and solid NGO efforts, often in conjunction with
police and Government, have started to bear results,
pushing traffickers into more remote areas to find
subjects. However, there is also a strong sense among
Muslim communities, local officials and national
parliamentarians that parents will continue to send
children away until Bissau-Guineans have local Koranic
schools.
¶3. (SBU) The NGO "Associaco de Mulher e Crianca" (the
Association for Women and Children or AMIC) leads
coordination efforts for the Government, police and civil
society in terms of prevention and helping returned
victims find their families. In order to get better data
on the extent of the problem and assist NGOs and police to
do a better job of prevention, repatriation and
enforcement, Mission requests that the Department fund
post's anti-trafficking project proposal (Ref B). END
SUMMARY.
¶4. (SBU) Responses are keyed to questions in Ref A.
Begin TIP report:
Para 21. Overview of a country's activities to eliminate
trafficking in persons:
¶A. Is the country a country of origin, transit or
destination for international trafficked men, women, or
children? Specify numbers for each group; how were they
trafficked, to where, and for what purpose? Does the
trafficking occur within the country's borders? Does it
occur in territory outside of the government's control
(e.g. in a civil war situation)? Are any estimates or
reliable numbers available as to the extent or magnitude
of the problem? Please include any numbers of victims.
What is (are) the source(s) of available information on
trafficking in persons or what plans are in place (if any)
to undertake documentation of trafficking? How reliable
are the numbers and these sources? Are certain groups of
persons more at risk of being trafficked (e.g. women and
children, boys versus girls, certain ethnic groups,
refugees, etc.)?
Guinea-Bissau is a country of origin for trafficked
children for forced begging, primarily to Senegal and to a
lesser extent Mali and Guinea. Children are sent by their
parents with a marabout or intermediary to study the
Koran. Key source areas are the cities of Bafata and Gabu
in the east. Instead of getting an education, children
are generally forced to beg and remit daily payments of
anywhere from 50 cents to one U.S. dollar plus a kilo of
rice to the marabout. Failure to meet daily quotas earns
severe beatings. Some Koranic schools in Guinea-Bissau
also require children to beg in the long-standing
DAKAR 00000527 002 OF 009
tradition of these schools, but with less abuse and more
education than they get abroad. Some marabouts have
plantations and require children, primarily boys but also
some girls, to work in fields doing seasonal agricultural
work. Boys then are sent to cities to beg in the off
season.
No studies have been completed on the scope of human
trafficking in or from Guinea-Bissau and no reliable
estimates exist. The GOGB has repatriated 28 children
since November 2002 but says there are many more. Police
and NGOs working together helped to intercept another 24
children from being trafficked out of the country.
¶B. Please provide a general overview of the trafficking
situation in the country and any changes since the last
TIP Report (e.g. changes in direction). Also briefly
explain the political will to address trafficking in
persons. Other items to address may include: What kind of
conditions are the victims trafficked into? Which
populations are targeted by the traffickers? Who are the
traffickers? What methods are used to approach victims?
(Are they offered lucrative jobs, sold by their families,
approached by friends of friends, etc.?) What methods are
used to move the victims (e.g., are false documents being
used)?
Parents of young children are approached by religious
leaders or intermediaries, usually from neighboring
Senegal, and offered the chance to send children for a
religious education where they will be taught to read the
Koran. Because of traditional links between Islamic
communities across borders and the existence of extended
families where distant relatives may be considered
"uncles," the trafficker is often known to the parents.
There are only a few Koranic schools in Guinea-Bissau, but
they are not highly regarded; so parents often feel that
sending sons abroad is the only hope for a religious
education. Marabouts are highly respected in Muslim
society (the majority population in target areas) and are
able to operate with little interference. Parents receive
no compensation for sending their children and in many
cases, pay for the initial travel.
Begging is a traditional cultural and religious practice
at Koranic schools and some middle-aged adults interviewed
by PolOff had similar experiences in their youth.
However, physical abuse of children and profits for
marabouts appear to be growing while education has all but
disappeared. The historical link of begging and Koranic
schools creates a level of acceptance among community
members and impedes efforts by NGOs and governments to
convince parents to stop sending children. AMIC noted
that some institutions (which they term "madrassas") are
better than others and require little begging.
The primary route to Senegal is through the town of
Pirada, where there are police and migration controls.
Another key exit point is the town of Sao Domingos in the
northwest. Almost all traffic is overland, reportedly by
foot, taxi or animal driven carts to the border. Non-
vehicular traffic can easily avoid border outposts by
walking on foot trails through the bush. Border guards
are aware of the problem and, according to the leading
national NGO on trafficking, AMIC, cooperate on
interdiction and repatriation. Yet remoteness, low
salaries, which sometimes go unpaid for months at a time,
and respect for marabouts makes guards vulnerable to
bribes.
Living conditions for trafficked children on the streets
of Senegal's cities can be heartbreaking. Children who
cannot raise the daily payment are beaten so severely that
they often don't return, choosing to sleep in the street
rather than face punishment. It is common for families to
go years without receiving any word from children. Some
children seek help from the Ginddi Center, NGOs,
neighborhood women whom they adopt as mother figures, or
the Bissau-Guinean Embassy in Dakar. Others simply walk
back to Guinea-Bissau. Some parents seek help from police
or NGOs to reunite with children, but they are the
exception. There have been a few successful cases of
DAKAR 00000527 003 OF 009
cross-border government-police-NGO cooperation to reunite
families with children.
Political will exists to assist victims and prevent
trafficking through raising awareness, especially in key
institutions such as the government's Institute of Women
and Children, the Ministry of Justice, the Foreign
Ministry, and among individuals throughout the police
force. However, there is no high-level coordinated effort
to fight TIP. There is little evident political will to
confront TIP in terms of law enforcement. According to
several people interviewed from local governments and
NGOs, enforcement against marabouts is a politically
complicated issue because politicians believe any action
against them will be interpreted by a major voting bloc as
action against the Islamic faith.
¶C. What are the limitations on the government's ability
to address this problem in practice? For example, is
funding for police or other institutions inadequate? Is
overall corruption a problem? Does the Government lack
the resources to aid victims?
Guinea-Bissau lacks almost everything. Police forces have
received no training on trafficking. They do not have
vehicles to patrol borders; instead they rely on foot
patrols. Communication from border police in Pirada to
the central police headquarters in Gabu, about two hours
away by bus and where traffickers are supposed to be sent
once detained, is by landline phone that often does not
function. Police in Gabu have only one computer and no
effective archive system to facilitate case research.
While police are now receiving regular salaries, they are
still owed nine months of arrears from 1999, when they
worked essentially for free. Repatriated victims
sometimes live with the Gabu police commissioner until
parents can be located, a process that sometimes takes
months because children do not remember where they are
from. The Bissau-Guinean Ambassador to Senegal also
houses children awaiting repatriation when no alternative
can be found. There is no shelter in Gabu, which receives
a steady trickle of children returning from Senegal in
search of families.
Another major limitation is a political crisis that has
pitted the President against the African Party for the
Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) the
largest party in the Popular National Assembly (ANP). No
significant legislative or policy advances are likely to
be made until the ANP approves the government's program
and budget and the PAIGC drops its claim that Prime
Minister Aristides Gomes' appointment is unconstitutional.
While corruption is likely a factor in the remote towns
and border areas, AMIC believes there is no high-level
corruption on this issue and no one in the Government is
getting rich off the trafficking of children.
¶D. To what extent does the Government systematically
monitor its anti-trafficking efforts (on all fronts --
prosecution, prevention and victim protection) and
periodically make available, publicly or privately and
directly or through regional/international organizations,
its assessments of these anti-trafficking efforts?
The GOGB does not make systematic efforts and does not
publish assessments of its performance. A police
inspector under the Ministry of Interior has official
responsibility for coordinating enforcement and
cooperation with UNICEF, but these efforts are nascent and
poorly organized.
PARA 22. PREVENTION:
¶A. Does the Government acknowledge that trafficking is a
problem in that country? If no, why not?
The Government recognizes the trafficking problem and
combats it on many fronts. The Institute of Women and
Children in cooperation with UNICEF and Muslim NGO
ALANSAR, sponsored a four-day conference in April 2005 to
study the issue, identify root causes and educate the
DAKAR 00000527 004 OF 009
public. The Government contributes eight million CFA
francs (about USD 16,000) per year to the operating budget
of AMIC, the country's strongest advocate in fighting
trafficking of children.
¶B. Which government agencies are involved in anti-
trafficking efforts and which agency, if any, has the
lead?
Agencies involved include the Ministry of Justice,
Ministry of Interior, and the Institute of Women and
Children. There is no task force; so no agency has a
clear lead.
¶C. Are there or have there been government-run anti-
trafficking information or education campaigns? If so,
briefly describe the campaign(s), including their
objectives and effectiveness. Do these campaigns target
potential trafficking victims and/or the demand for
trafficking (e.g. "clients" of prostitutes or
beneficiaries of forced labor).
The Institute of Women and Children sponsored a conference
to raise awareness (see paragraph 22 A). AMIC, which
receives government funding, conducts regular awareness
efforts on radio stations in the area of Gabu. The Bissau-
Guinean Ambassador to Senegal has also contributed to
awareness efforts on the radio. These efforts are aimed
at parents in Muslim communities, notifying them of the
dangers of sending their children away for Koranic
studies. AMIC notes some effectiveness, saying Gabu
itself has seen a drop in trafficked children, but
traffickers are moving out to outlying areas where people
are not yet as well informed. AMIC and police also use
radio as a last resort in searching for parents of
repatriated children.
¶D. Does the Government support other programs to prevent
trafficking (e.g., to promote women's participation in
economic decision-making or efforts to keep children in
school)? Please explain.
The Ministry of Justice, in cooperation with UNICEF,
conducted a significant prevention campaign in January
¶2006. Over the course of a month, 28,000 children were
registered and given identity papers in the Gabu region as
an anti-trafficking measure. While this may seem like an
effort the Justice Ministry should conduct regardless,
what makes it remarkable is that the Ministry dedicated
resources to take the registration effort to the field.
Three main factors work against parents registering their
children in the Gabu region: distance to the capital, cost
and ignorance. The Justice Ministry overcame those and in
so doing, made it harder for traffickers to pass through
border checks with children who are not their own.
Migration officials at the main border crossing of Pirada
claim they now do not let anyone leave the country with a
child unless the parent is present, due to trafficking
concerns. Of course the border remains porous and guards
may be corrupt or unprofessional.
There is no Question E.
¶F. What is the relationship between government officials,
NGOs, other relevant organizations and other elements of
civil society on the trafficking issue?
Relevant actors cooperate well and recognize the
importance of close coordination. AMIC reports that it
gets very good cooperation from local police in assisting
repatriated children and finding parents. There is a good
understanding of issues and updated policies by border
police and migration officials to stop traffickers from
moving children out of the country. AMIC and police work
with religious and community leaders in the regions of
Gabu and Bafata. UNICEF says the Ministry of Justice and
the Muslim NGO ALANSAR are very strong on the issue.
Perhaps the biggest and most noticeable gap is the courts,
which could only point to two pending trafficking cases
and none that had been successfully prosecuted with
traffickers serving time. Another concern is the
inspector at the Ministry of the Interior who claims to be
DAKAR 00000527 005 OF 009
the coordinator on enforcement, but does not have a clear
picture of prosecution efforts in the Gabu region.
¶G. Does it monitor immigration and emigration patterns
for evidence of trafficking? Do law enforcement agencies
screen for potential trafficking victims along borders?
The Government does not systematically monitor its borders
for TIP, but border guards have been educated by AMIC.
Police provided migration officials at Pirada with photos
of four men who were detained trying to traffic boys to
Senegal. Migration officials described a process they
follow when they identify a potential trafficker: they
detain the person if the adult cannot prove he is the
father, contact the police in Gabu and arrange
transportation back to police headquarters in Gabu.
Unfortunately, these are barely treated as crimes and
trafickers are generally released while parents arecontacted to pick up their children.
Police clai to have increased foot patrols of the border
onthe many paths through the bush into Senegal to stm
trafficking.
¶H. Is there a mechanism for cordination and
communication between various agecies, internal,
international, and multilateral o trafficking-related
matters, such as a multi-agncy working group or a task
force? Does the Govrnment have a trafficking in persons
working group or single point of contact? Does the
Government have a public corruption task force?
With a number of security concerns in the country, such as
increased international drug trafficking and the urgent
need for security sector reform of the bloated, civil-war
prone military, and numerous social problems, such as a
lack of access to adequate education and health care for
most of its citizens, TIP has not surprisingly been low on
the priority list. However, even with these other
challenges, the Government is doing what it can with the
few resources it has available to it. The Ministry of
Interior has an inspector in charge of crimes against
children who is responsible for coordination on law
enforcement of TIP and cooperation with UNICEF. The
Institute of Women and Children has taken the lead with
respect to public awareness and marshalling government and
international community efforts. The National Assembly's
Ad Hoc Committee for Women's and Children's Issues is also
focused on TIP and has managed to get it introduced to the
legislature's agenda this year. However, the most
effective actors are the NGOs and international
organizations.
There is no Question I.)
¶J. Does the Government have a national plan of action to
address trafficking in persons? If so, which agencies
were involved in developing it? Were NGOs consulted in
the process? What steps has the Government taken to
disseminate the action plan?
There is no national plan of action to combat TIP.
PARA 23. INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF TRAFFICKERS:
For questions A-D, posts should highlight in particular
whether or not the country has enacted any new legislation
since the last TIP report.
¶A. Does the country have a law specifically prohibiting
trafficking in persons--both trafficking for sexual
exploitation and trafficking for non-sexual purposes (e.g.
forced labor)? If so, what is the law? Does the law(s)
cover both internal and external (transnational) forms of
trafficking? If not, under what other laws can
traffickers be prosecuted? For example, are there laws
against slavery or the exploitation of prostitution by
means of coercion or fraud? Are these other laws being
used in trafficking cases? Are these laws, taken
together, adequate to cover the full scope of trafficking
in persons? Please provide a full inventory of
trafficking laws, including civil penalties (e.g., civil
DAKAR 00000527 006 OF 009
forfeiture laws and laws against illegal debt).
There is no law specifically prohibiting trafficking in
people. Other laws are currently being used, although
they are weakly applied. The local judge in Gabu
described one case in which a father and his brother were
being prosecuted under Art. 196 of the penal code, removal
of minors. Other laws against sexual exploitation, abuse
and kidnapping of minors may also be useful in prosecuting
trafficking cases. Prostitution is illegal, as is
pimping.
¶B. What are the penalties for traffickers of people for
sexual exploitation? For traffickers of people for labor
exploitation?
There is no trafficking law, but the law against
kidnapping, which may be used in child trafficking,
carries a penalty of two to ten years in prison.
¶C. What are the penalties for rape or forcible sexual
assault? How do they compare to the penalty for sex
trafficking?
The penalty for rape is between one and five years in
prison. Sex trafficking is not specifically covered under
the law and in fact does not appear to be a widespread
problem in Guinea-Bissau.
¶D. Is prostitution legalized or decriminalized?
Specifically, are the activities of the prostitute
criminalized? Are the activities of the brothel
owner/operator, clients, pimps, and enforcers
criminalized? Are these laws enforced? If prostitution
is legal and regulated, what is the legal minimum age for
this activity? Note that in many countries with
federalist systems, prostitution laws may be covered by
state, local and provincial authorities.
The activities of the prostitute, brothel owner, pimp, and
customer are all criminalized. There are no statistics on
enforcement of this crime.
¶E. Has the Government prosecuted any cases against
traffickers? If so, provide numbers of investigations,
prosecutions, convictions and sentences, including details
on plea bargains and fines, if relevant and available.
Are the traffickers serving the time sentenced: If no,
why not? Please indicate whether the Government can
provide this information, and if not, why not? (Note:
Complete answers to this section are essential. End
Note.)
There have been no successful prosecutions of traffickers.
Two cases are pending in the courts. In one case in the
Court of Gabu, an uncle of a trafficked child was released
by the court and ordered to find his brother, the child's
father, as they are both implicated in trafficking. The
father has not yet appeared, but if he does not, the court
will summon the uncle to be tried within the next two
months. The judge was confident the defendant would not
flee and would return to face justice. In another case in
Bafata, a man was accused by a mother of selling her
child. The mother was so persistent, even taking her case
to the National Popular Assembly, where she continues to
demand justice, that the alleged trafficker was finally
arrested. Due to poor health, he was released to house
arrest after eight months detention and is awaiting trial.
The child in that case, who disappeared 16 years ago, has
never reappeared.
¶F. Is there any information or reports of who is behind
the trafficking? For example, are the traffickers
freelance operators, small crime groups, and/or large
international organized crime syndicates? Are employment,
travel and tourism agencies or marriage brokers fronting
for traffickers or crime groups to traffic individuals?
Are government officials involved? Are there any reports
on where profits from trafficking in persons are being
channeled (e.g. armed groups, terrorist organizations,
judges, banks, etc.)?
DAKAR 00000527 007 OF 009
Marabouts from Senegal are the primary traffickers. They
sometimes use intermediaries with community connections to
recruit and transport children to Koranic schools. In
most cases, they are known to communities in which they
operate, AMIC and the police. Some have been photographed
by police for the purpose of prevention. They operate in
the open, protected by their stature in the Muslim
community and the fact that most Bissau-Guinean and
Senegalese politicians do not have the temerity to
confront them. For example, the marabout implicated in
the case described above involving a father and uncle is
named Tcherno Babacar Djalo, DOB Jan. 9, 1946. His
passport identification is on file with other court
documents, but he is not a defendant in the case. The
Bissau-Guinean Ambassador to Senegal can list several
marabouts that traffic children; one of them is his
cousin.
¶G. Does the Government actively investigate cases of
trafficking? (Again, the focus should be on trafficking
cases versus migrant smuggling cases.) Does the
Government use active investigative techniques in
trafficking in persons investigations? To the extent
possible under domestic law, are techniques such as
electronic surveillance, undercover operations, and
mitigated punishment or immunity for cooperating suspects
used by the Government? Does the criminal procedure code
or other laws prohibit the police from engaging in covert
operations?
The Government does not actively investigate most cases of
trafficking.
¶H. Does the Government provide any specialized training
for government officials on how to recognize, investigate
and prosecute instances of trafficking?
The Government does not provide any special training on
trafficking, but has said it would welcome any training
that foreign governments or international organizations
can provide.
¶I. Does the Government cooperate with other governments
in the investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases?
If possible, can post provide the number of cooperative
international investigations on trafficking?
Guinea-Bissau is one of nine countries in the 15-member
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) that
cooperate to combat trafficking in persons. Police in
Gabu contacted police in Kolda, Senegal, in January 2006
to request assistance in identification of trafficked
Bissau-Guinean children. This is a positive step that
shows an increasing understanding of the need for
cooperation in confronting TIP.
¶J. Does the Government extradite persons who are charged
with trafficking in other countries? If so, can post
provide the number of traffickers extradited? Does the
Government extradite its own nationals charged with such
offenses? If not, is the Government prohibited by law
form extraditing its own nationals? If so, what is the
Government doing to modify its laws to permit the
extradition of its own nationals?
The Government is not prohibited from extraditing its
nationals but has no record of being asked to do so for
TIP.
¶K. Is there evidence of government involvement in or
tolerance of trafficking, on a local or institutional
level? If so, please explain in detail.
There is no evidence of government involvement in TIP.
¶L. If government officials are involved in trafficking,
what steps has the Government taken to end such
participation? Have any government officials been
prosecuted for involvement in trafficking or trafficking-
related corruption? Have any been convicted? What actual
sentence was imposed? Please provide specific numbers, if
available.
DAKAR 00000527 008 OF 009
No GOGB officials are known to have been involved in
trafficking.
¶M. If the country has an identified child sex tourism
problem (as source or destination), how many foreign
pedophiles has the Government prosecuted or
deported/extradited to their country of origin? Does the
country's child sexual abuse laws have extraterritorial
coverage (like the U.S. PROTECT Act)?
There is little tourism in Guinea-Bissau, and there are no
reports of child sex tourism.
¶N. Has the Government signed, ratified, and/or taken
steps to implement the following international
instruments? Please provide the date of
signature/ratification if appropriate.
ILO Convention 182 concerning the prohibition and
immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of
child labor.
No.
ILO Convention 29 and 105 on forced or compulsory labor.
Both ratified 21 February 1977.
The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of
the Child (CRC) on the sale of children, child
prostitution and child pornography.
Signed September 8, 2000, and in the process of being
ratified after the ANP was dissolved for a number of
years.
The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking
in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing
the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime.
Signed December 14, 2000, but not yet ratified.
PARA 24. PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS:
¶A. Does the Government assist victims, for example, by
providing temporary to permanent residency status, relief
from deportation, shelter and access to legal, medical and
psychological services? If so, please explain. Does the
country have victim care and victim health care
facilities? If so, can post provide the number of victims
placed in these care facilities?
A lack of resources keeps the Government from providing
any services for victims besides basic transportation back
from Senegal. Benevolent individuals, some with the
Government, some with police, and some NGOs, provide most
other assistance.
¶B. Does the Government provide funding or other forms of
support to foreign or domestic NGOs for services to
victims? Please explain.
The Government contributes about USD 16,000 to AMIC's
annual operating budget. It cooperates and coordinates
closely with UNICEF, Save the Children (Dakar) and other
foreign NGOs.
¶C. Is there a screening and referral process in place,
when appropriate, to transfer victims detained, arrested
or placed in protective custody by law enforcement
authorities to NGO's that provide short- or long-term
care?
Police in the primary source areas of Gabu and Bafata
generally coordinate with AMIC to assist victims and
locate parents.
¶D. Are the rights of victims respected, or are victims
also treated as criminals? Are victims detained, jailed,
or deported? If detained or jailed, for how long? Are
victims fined? Are victims prosecuted for violations of
DAKAR 00000527 009 OF 009
other laws, such as those governing immigration or
prostitution?
Victims are not punished or persecuted in any way by
anyone other than their traffickers.
¶E. Does the Government encourage victims to assist in the
investigation and prosecution of trafficking? May victims
file civil suits or seek legal action against the
traffickers? Does anyone impede the victims' access to
such legal redress? If a victim is a material witness in
a court case against the former employer, is the victim
permitted to obtain other employment or to leave the
country? Is there a victim restitution program?
Nothing impedes victims from seeking justice from their
traffickers other than a cultural perception that
marabouts are above the law.
¶F. What kind of protection is the Government able to
provide for victims and witnesses? Does it provide these
protections in practice? What type of shelter or services
does the Government provide? Does it provide shelter or
any other benefits to victims for housing or other
resources in order to aid the victims in rebuilding their
lives? Where are child victims placed (e.g. in shelters,
foster-care type systems or juvenile detention centers)?
See above.
¶G. Does the Government provide any specialized training
for government officials in recognizing trafficking and in
the provision of assistance to trafficked victims,
including the special needs of trafficked children? Does
the Government provide training on protection and
assistance to its embassies and consulates in foreign
countries that are destination or transit countries? Does
it urge those embassies and consulates to develop ongoing
relationships with NGOs that serve trafficked victims?
The GOGB embassy in Senegal is a leader in the fight
against trafficking. It coordinates closely with NGOs in
Senegal and the Red Cross to identify, assist and
repatriate victims. It uses its operating budget to fund
assistance efforts and is reimbursed upon justification to
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
¶H. Does the Government provide assistance, such as
medical aid, shelter, or financial help, to its
repatriated nationals who are victims of trafficking?
The GOGB provides shelter, medical aid and food generally
with the assistance of NGOs and the Red Cross.
¶I. Which internationals organizations or NGOs, if any,
work with trafficking victims? What type of services do
they provide? What sort of cooperation do they receive
from local authorities?
NOTE: If post reports that a Government is incapable of
assisting and protecting TIP victims, then post should
explain thoroughly. Funding, personnel, and training
constraints should be noted, if applicable. Conversely, a
lack of political will to address the problem should be
noted as well.
As noted above, the Government has no funds to support
even a modest victim assistance program. It relies
heavily on international donor and NGO support not just
for TIP assistance but for many basic functions of a
government, including payment of civil service salaries.
A non-exhaustive list includes the Red Cross, AMIC, RADDHO
(Dakar), Save the Children (Dakar), UNICEF and the IOM.
¶5. (U) TIP officer for Guinea-Bissau, Gregory Holliday,
who is resident in Dakar, Senegal, can be reached by
telephone at 221-823-4296, x2415 and by e-mail at
hollidaygx@state.gov. Embassy TIP officer spent
approximately 50 hours preparing this year's TIP report.
Our sole FSN in Bissau spent about 35 hours.
JACKSON