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Viewing cable 06NAIROBI279, HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN KENYA?S NORTHEASTERN
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| Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06NAIROBI279 | 2006-01-20 07:29 | 2011-08-25 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Nairobi |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 NAIROBI 000279
SIPDIS
AIDAC
USAID/DCHA FOR WGARVELINK, LROGERS
DCHA/OFDA FOR GGOTTLIEB, MMARX, IMACNAIRN, KCHANNELL
DCHA/FFP FOR JDWORKEN, SBRADLEY, MANDERSON
AFR/EA FOR JBORNS, SMCCLURE
ROME FOR FODAG
GENEVA FOR NKYLOH
BRUSSELS FOR PLERNER
NSC FOR JMELINE
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAID KE ECON EAGR EFIN PGOV SOCI
SUBJECT: HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN KENYA?S NORTHEASTERN
PROVINCE
REFS: NAIROBI 05074
Summary
¶1. Persistent drought and underdevelopment in Kenya's
Northeastern Province continues to erode humanitarian
indicators. Erratic rainfall during the Sept-Nov short
rains season has failed to replenish natural water
points or pasture causing degradation of local
livestock, the main source of food and livelihood
security for the province's mainly pastoralist
population. Conditions are likely to deteriorate until
April 2006 when the next seasonal rains are scheduled.
Current international and Government of Kenya (GOK)
relief measures may be overwhelmed as beneficiary
numbers continue to increase; and the situation could
become acute if the April rains are delayed or fail.
End Summary.
Background
¶2. From January 3-10, a USAID team from the Offices of
Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) and Food for Peace
(FFP) conducted a rapid assessment in the Wajir and
Mandera Districts of Kenya's Northeastern Province. The
objective was to verify humanitarian conditions, confirm
current response planning, and identify assistance gaps.
¶3. On January 1, Kenya's President Kibaki declared a
national drought emergency and appealed for
international assistance totaling $153 million for food
and non-food support. The plight in the Northeastern
Province was highlighted by the President and local
media as Kenya's worst affected area, and the drought
blamed for the death of 40 children and scores of
animals.
¶4. The Northeastern Province has been under drought
emergency since August 2004, and the current problems
are the most recent in a series of droughts since 1991.
The mostly nomadic ethnic Somali population relies on
livestock for food security and livelihoods. The area
borders with Somalia /Ethiopia, and has a history of
insecurity.
¶5. The region is chronically food insecure and
underdeveloped. An August UNICEF nutritional survey
cited several causes beside a lack of rainfall for
widespread emergency malnutrition rates; including the
population's lack of access to health services, poor
education, and the lack of livelihood diversification.
Current Situation
¶6. Erratic rains have failed to recharge natural water
points and pasture to levels sufficient to accommodate
the numbers of local livestock. FEWSNET reports that
rainfall during the short rain season (Sept-Dec) was 60
percent below average in the Northeastern Province.
Natural water pans and rivers are completely dry and
there was little green vegetation.
¶7. All GOK boreholes (52 total) in Wajir and Mandera
Districts are operational, and currently running on a
24/7 basis. There was high convergence of people and
animals at the boreholes visited. Arid Lands (GOK
drought monitoring office) is providing borehole
generators with 50 percent of the diesel fuel required,
and relying on already stretched local contributions for
the balance. The Ministry of Water has established
emergency borehole repair teams to respond to mechanical
breakdowns. GOK planning is to drill 22 new boreholes
in the two districts.
¶8. GOK water trucks are distributing to communities far
from the existing boreholes. There are 10 tankers
operating in the two districts and the target is to
deliver an average of 20 liters of water per day to
approximately 35,000 families. Families commonly use
recycled veg. oil jugs of 1 liter capacity to store
water, and are now lining up on roadsides waiting for
delivery.
¶9. The Provincial health infrastructure is struggling
with increasing numbers of malnourished children.
Global Acute Malnutrition rates in the districts were
assessed to be between 18 percent - 28 percent (August
2005 UNICEF survey). District hospitals are currently
not overwhelmed with malnutrition cases; however,
administrators report a 5 fold increase in admissions
over the last two months. The suspicion is that
malnutrition in remote areas is going undetected and
untreated.
¶10. Additional problems for the hospitals include a
lack of qualified manpower, shortage of supplies and
inexperience with malnutrition treatment protocols.
International NGOs previously engaged in supplemental
and therapeutic feeding activities have mostly closed
following improvements after the July long rain season.
¶11. Doctors in Wajir and El Wak complained about a
shortage of basic medicines. Increased demand for drugs
due to the drought has not been met with increased
supply from the government central pharmacies. There
was no report of cholera, measles or sharp increases in
communicable or water borne disease. Provincial
immunization rates (60 percent) are below the national
average.
¶12. The World Food Program is distributing general
rations to 209,000 people (31 percent of the population)
and has been active since the original drought
declaration in August 2004. Arid Lands officials now
believe that 428,000 people (66 percent of the
population) will require a full ration for the next six
months. The GOK, following recent media criticism, has
pledged to supply food to meet the gap with respect to
general food distributions, and there are reports of
government food already arriving in both districts.
However, a recent news report of GOK relief food being
sold in the market raises questions about the viability
of the GOK's distribution and targeting mechanisms.
¶13. Arid Land estimates that 40 percent of the local
livestock has perished over the last two months.
District officials feel that the lack of pasture is
killing animals, as water was relatively available at
the boreholes. While dozens of carcasses are visible in
the northeast, the vast majority affected is cattle.
¶14. The Kenyan Red Cross has begun purchasing
distressed cattle (Off-take) in Wajir and Mandera,
although there was no evidence that the meat from these
animals is being used by drought affected families.
Pastoralists have been accused by government of having
more animals than the land can support. District
Officials reported that many animals have migrated to
the neighboring Eastern Province for pasture.
Regional Affects
¶15. Drought affected pastoralists from neighboring
Ethiopia and Somalia are coming to Kenya in search of
relief aid. The El Wak District Officer reported that
300 Somali families had recently arrived and an unknown
number of Ethiopian pastoralists are in northern Mandera
District.
¶16. CARE, working in the Gedo region of Somalia, report
that the Juba River is the only water source across the
border, and insecurity and lack of rains has left all
existing water points and bore holes either dry or
inoperative. USAID is coordinating a humanitarian
response with other actors in drought-affected areas of
Somalia and Ethiopia.
USG Response in Northeastern Province
¶17. The Office of Food for Peace contributes
approximately 36 percent of the WFP resources
distributed in the Province. USAID/OFDA, through
partner CARE, began rehabilitation of pastoral water
points in September and supports immunization programs
through UNICEF. USAID Kenya supports a provincial
livestock development program.
NGOs and other Donors
¶18. International NGOs operational in the Province
include CARE (OFDA Partner), OXFAM and Action Against
Hunger. Current interventions include general food
distributions, water support and nutrition. World
Vision has a small development activity in Wajir, but no
plans to respond to the emergency situation. UNICEF has
managed emergency nutrition in both districts through
partner agencies.
¶19. ECHO has earmarked Euro 2 million for water and
protection programming in Mandera District through NGOs
CARE and Action Against Hunger. DFID recently
contributed $750,000 to UNICEF for the purchase of
commodities for the national nutritional program.
Conclusion / Recommendations
¶20. Humanitarian indicators are likely to deteriorate
until the next seasonal rains arrive in April 2006.
Current response mechanisms for the food and water
sectors are stretched and likely to become overwhelmed
if the April 2006 rains are delayed or fail; and if
significant numbers of drought affected from Somalia and
Ethiopia migrate to the Province for assistance.
¶21. Continuation and availability of a general food
ration is critical to sustain populations until the
April rains. The success of any emergency nutritional
interventions directly depends on the prevalence of food
in the general population. Arid Land?s proposal to
almost triple recipients of general food rations will
require new resources from either the international
community or GOK.
¶22. Emergency nutritional capacity (supplemental and
therapeutic feeding) and mobile screening needs to be
strengthened. The Provincial health infrastructure
lacks the resources and skills to effectively manage an
increasing caseload of malnourished children, pregnant
and lactating women and the elderly. UNICEF is
currently the best partner option, and has the capacity
to coordinate implementers, information flow, and ensure
feeding protocols. Activities may need to run through
August 2006.
¶23. The continued operation of existing boreholes is
critical until the arrival of the April rains. The GOK
belief that local communities can continue contribute 50
percent of the fuel and maintenance needed is
optimistic. Support could be needed for diesel fuel and
generator spare parts to ensure the wells continue to
produce. The provision of hygienic gerry cans and
chlorinated water treatment kits will improve household
storage capacity and reduce exposure to water bourn
diseases. The trucking of water could be considered if
GOK promises to maintain the distributions fail.
¶24. The supply of basic drugs needs to be monitored.
An increase in demand due to the drought is not being
met by GOK central pharmacies. Should drugs and
supplies continue to be inadequate, UNICEF has the
capacity to distribute WHO health kits and provide
additional support to district health centers.
¶25. The recommendations above are for short term life
saving purposes and will not resolve the perennial
drought problems in the province. Greater investment in
health services, infrastructure, education and
livelihood diversification is needed if permanent
improvements are to be realized. USAID will continue to
closely monitor the Northeastern Province at both the
Nairobi and field level and provide input to long term
planning efforts.
BELLAMY